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中朝地台东北缘3km深度地震层析成像的地质解释 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用本区丰富的地质,人工地震探测资料,对３ｋｍ深度层析成象成果进行了分析对比,结果表明：（１）３Ｋｍ深度速度值与人工地震探测所获地震波速值吻合较好;（２）３ｋｍ深度速度分布与该深度处的岩石介质分布有较好的对应关系,高速区对应地层主要为太古界－下元古界变质岩和地槽区的古生界浅变质岩,低速区对应主要为中生界火山,碎屑岩,燕山期花岗岩体和盖层性质的中元古－古代界沉积岩。（３）层析成象结果可划分深度不同的 相似文献
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中国及其邻区地震深度的特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
系统地研究了中国及其邻区地震深度的一些时空变化特征后发现：５１％的地震发生在０－１９ｋｍ间，１０、１５、２０ｋｍ为几个地震多发层位；大陆地震的深度小于周邻地区地震的深度；大陆西部地震的深度大于东部地震的深度，这与大陆地壳西厚东薄的结果相吻合；中俄朝交界区及日本海、兴都库什－帕米尔、琉球群岛、缅印交界区和台湾地区地震的深度大，这与有关板块间的相互碰撞、挤压或俯冲等运动有关；兴都库什－帕米尔地区的地震 相似文献
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沿乌鲁木齐－库尔勒３５０余公里长的测线上完成了穿越天山的地震转换波野外观测，得出天山造山带的深部构造剖面图和壳内Ｐ，Ｓ波速度结构模型．天山的结晶地壳可分为４层，各层的速度分别是：Ｖｐ值为５．９，６．３，６．６，６．９ｋｍ／ｓ；Ｖｓ值为３．２，３．５，３．７，３．９ｋｍ／ｓ。上地幔顶部的波速：Ｖｐ值为８．１０ｋｍ／ｓ。Ｖｓ值为４．６ｋｍ／ｓ。天山地区的地壳厚度为４２－５６ｋｍ，中天山最厚，达到５０－５６ｋｍ。地壳中部存在低速透镜体。探测结果表明，天山大地构造可分为北天山、中天山和南天山３个区，其地壳深部构造特征各不相同。用颤动构造理论来解释天山造山带的形成机制和演化较板块构造理论更为合理。 相似文献
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沿乌鲁木齐－库尔勒３５０余公里长的测线上完成了穿越天山的地震转换波野外观测，得出天山造山带的深部构造剖面图和壳内Ｐ，Ｓ波速度结构模型．天山的结晶地壳可分为４层，各层的速度分别是：Ｖｐ值为５．９，６．３，６．６，６．９ｋｍ／ｓ；Ｖｓ值为３．２，３．５，３．７，３．９ｋｍ／ｓ。上地幔顶部的波速：Ｖｐ值为８．１０ｋｍ／ｓ。Ｖｓ值为４．６ｋｍ／ｓ。天山地区的地壳厚度为４２－５６ｋｍ，中天山最厚，达到５０－５６ｋｍ。地壳中部存在低速透镜体。探测结果表明，天山大地构造可分为北天山、中天山和南天山３个区，其地壳深部构造特征各不相同。用颤动构造理论来解释天山造山带的形成机制和演化较板块构造理论更为合理。 相似文献
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腾冲火山地区的地震活动特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对腾冲火山地区的地震活动时空分布及震情参数的研究结果表明，与火山活动区有关的地震活动具有以下特征：周围构造地震活动频繁而火山群地区则处于地震活动相对平静的背景，震级较低（最高为５．０～６．０级）；地震活动以小的震群活动为主，微震主要发生在腾冲县城南部的热海热田地区。长期的地震频率ｂ值高，达１．２左右；震源深度在０～２０ｋｍ范围，受周围构造大地震的影响，导致火山区地壳内部岩浆活动引起的岩浆冲击型地震发生；火山体地下低速层的存在与地下热物质有关。从腾冲火山活动区地震的时空分布特征和震情参数特征表现出与世界上其它火山地震的相似关系，表明腾冲火山不是死火山，火山体地壳内部存在的岩浆囊或岩浆移动通道内岩浆仍在活动。 相似文献
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腾冲火山活动区的地震活动性研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本通过对腾冲火山活动区及邻区的地震活动性研究。得出如下明显特征;（１）腾冲火山地区的中强地震活动与周边地区有显差异。中强地震主要发生在火山活动区以南的龙陵地区和以西的中缅交界地区。９２）腾冲火山活动中强地震极少,以中、小地震活动为主。另外, 腾冲县城１５１２－１７８５年曾发生５次中强地震。（３）该区长期应变释放相当平缓。（４）腾冲火山活动区ｂ值较高,长期处于低应力背景状态下 相似文献
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1988年云南澜沧－耿马大地震前地震活动平静的统计研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据大地震前包含异常活动时段的地震序列全过程可以看作是非齐次油松过程的理论，详细研究了１９８８年１１月澜沧－耿马大地震前（１９８０．１－１９８８．１０）澜沧到腾冲地区地震活动在时间和空间上的变化过程。结果表明：①１９８５年４月－１９８８年４月全区地震活动在空间上存在着明显的差异，其中澜沧向北延伸分别出现２１０ｋｍ的Ｍ≥３．５和１６０ｋｍ的Ｍ≥３．０的地震活动平静地段。因此，由南向北将全带划分为南区、中区、中′区、北区四个研究小区；②在包含主震和余震区的中区，主震前分别出现了持续时间长达４２个月（Ｍ≥３．５）和３２．５个月（中′区，Ｍ≥３．０）的异常地震活动平静，并在０．９９和０．９７的置信度水平上通过统计显著性检验；③与此同时，在南区却出现了长达４２个月（Ｍ≥３．５）的异常地震活动增强时段，其置信度可达０．９５。然而在北区，于１９８５年９月结束了长达５２个月的地震活动增强，置信度仅０．８５，显然它是受１９７６年龙陵地震余震活动的影响，因为该区正好包含龙陵地震的余震区。 相似文献
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腾冲火山及其周围地区的地壳Q值特征 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
本利用腾冲火山活动区及周围地区的地方震尾波资料。根据尾波散射理论,研究了火山地区及周围地区的地壳Ｑ值。结果表明,火山地区的地壳Ｑ值最低。为９５,近邻区的龙陵－－保山地区的１７０－１５０之间。,周围地区最高达２９５左右。是火山地区的１．８－３．０倍左右。地壳Ｑ值的空间２明显表现出腾冲火山活动区为低Ｑ值区,而周围地区为高Ｑ值地区,这种地壳Ｑ值的空间２差异也许反映了火山地区内部介质状态与周围地区构造地 相似文献
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１．地震参数１９９２．７．１７．１９—０７—２８．８，２９°１８＇，１０３°４１＇Ｍ＿Ｌ：３．５，Ｉ＿０＝Ｖ（震源深度３－４千米，宏观方法１千米。２．铜街子电站及库区￣①位于一中强地震带上的少震、缺震地段──马边～峨眉间。名山－马边－永善，大关北北西走向地震带以总体上较密集的小震和中强震、个别达７级的强震连续条带状分布著称。尽管它有别于浅～深贯通型活构造带、仅有多支、多方向短小构造线断续相连，但它的两侧各１００千米分别与著名的“三河强震带”（南西测）自贡－南溪带（北东侧）有规律地平行排列。三者的新构造活动性、最大震级及其同等震级复发周期、地震活动秩序……都表明：自川西高原强震区向四川盆地区存在的某种递进以至消减的成生联系。这是四川地震构造动态中的一大特色。名山－大关带长约３００千米。５级以上地震主要集中于两头：北段峨眉－洪雅（长５０ｋｍ）和南段马边－大关（长１００ｋｍ），其主要构造背景是与北东向的龙泉山－峨眉断裂带和 华蓥山－巧家断裂带分别交切，构成的复合部位。峨眉－马边间约７０ｋｍ的中段却一直没有５级以上地震发生的记录；唯一的一年内两次４．２和４．８级地震发生在１９６７．５．５和５．２９，地点为峨边和福禄 相似文献
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对三峡地区的Ｐｇ波非纵观测资料用地震层析成象方法进行了计算处理并对解释结果作了分析。简要阐述了地震析成象处理方法，地震走时数据的采集与分析等。基底面成象图给出了许多有意义的信息；该测区低速区的开矿要起因于岩性的差异及断层破碎带；基底面上存在３个ｖ〉６．４ｋｍ／ｓ的高速度区，面积最大的一个大体呈南北走向，位于黄陵背斜西南侧、向北进入背斜区，另两个分别位于黄陵背斜东则与测区西侧。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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