共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mohsen Shadmehri 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(3):1521-1527
We study the dynamical effects of cosmic rays (CRs) on thermal instability in the linear regime. CRs and the thermal plasma are treated as two different interacting fluids, in which CRs can diffuse along the magnetic field lines. We show that the growth rate of the magnetothermal condensation mode is reduced because of the existence of CRs, and this stabilizing effect depends on the diffusion coefficient and the ratio of CR pressure to gas pressure. Thus, a slower rate of structure formation via thermal instability is predicted when CRs are considered. 相似文献
2.
Frank Verheest 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1974,28(1):91-99
The dispersion law for the propagation of waves in cold magnetized plasmas is derived for arbitrary directions of the rotation axis with respect to the static magnetic field. The waves are shown to be stable, not only in the case of a cold plasma, but in any plasma case which yields hermitian mobility tensors. An interesting special case is when the rotation and magnetization axes are parallel, because then for suitable values of rotation and external magnetic field the two effects can cancel each other, though only for one plasma species at the time. The rotation thus decisively affects and shifts the number and width of the existing pass- and stop-bands in a magnetized plasma. The inclusion of thermal effects through a scalar barotropic pressure is not nearly as significant. 相似文献
3.
There are several astrophysical situations where one needs to study the dynamics of magnetic flux in partially ionized turbulent plasmas. In a partially ionized plasma, the magnetic induction is subjected to the ambipolar diffusion and the Hall effect in addition to the usual resistive dissipation. In this paper, we initiate the study of the kinematic dynamo in a partially ionized turbulent plasma. The Hall effect arises from the treatment of the electrons and the ions as two separate fluids and the ambipolar diffusion due to the inclusion of neutrals as the third fluid. It is shown that these non-ideal effects modify the so-called α effect and the turbulent diffusion coefficient β in a rather substantial way. The Hall effect may enhance or quench the dynamo action altogether. The ambipolar diffusion brings in an α which depends on the mean magnetic field. The new correlations embodying the coupling of the charged fluids and the neutral fluid appear in a decisive manner. The turbulence is necessarily magnetohydrodynamic with new spatial and time-scales. The nature of the new correlations is demonstrated by taking the Alfvénic turbulence as an example. 相似文献
4.
Alexander Y. Potekhin Gilles Chabrier Dmitry G. Yakovlev 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,308(1-4):353-361
Strong (B?109 G) and superstrong (B?1014 G) magnetic fields profoundly affect many thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of dense plasmas in neutron star envelopes. In particular, they produce strongly anisotropic thermal conductivity in the neutron star crust and modify the equation of state and radiative opacities in the atmosphere, which are major ingredients of the cooling theory and spectral atmosphere models. As a result, both the radiation spectrum and the thermal luminosity of a neutron star can be affected by the magnetic field. We briefly review these effects and demonstrate the influence of magnetic field strength on the thermal structure of an isolated neutron star, putting emphasis on the differences brought about by the superstrong fields and high temperatures of magnetars. For the latter objects, it is important to take proper account of a combined effect of the magnetic field on thermal conduction and neutrino emission at densities ρ?1010 g?cm?3. We show that the neutrino emission puts a B-dependent upper limit on the effective surface temperature of a cooling neutron star. 相似文献
5.
Bhimsen K. Shivamoggi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1981,79(1):3-9
A study of the Rayleigh instability of a compressible plasma of density stratified in horizontal planes and subjected to a vertical magnetic field is made. The special case of a plane interface separating two superposed uniform plasmas of different densities and speeds of sound is treated as an example to illustrate the compressibility effects on the hydromagnetic Rayleigh instability. It is found that the hydromagneticcompressibility effects act toward reducing the growth rate in a hydrodynamically unstable situation. 相似文献
6.
Gaetano Zimbardo Pierluigi Veltri Pierre Pommois 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,277(1-2):101-102
The transport of plasma and of energetic particles because of magnetic turbulence is relevant to many space plasmas, ranging
from the planetary magnetospheres to the solar corona and to the heliosphere. Various transport regimes for magnetic field
lines can be obtained depending on the Kubo number. Here we show, by means of a numerical simulation, that the Kubo number
also determines the level of chaos of the field lines. Weak chaos, closed magnetic surfaces, and anomalous transport regimes
are obtained for R≪ 1; widespread chaos, destroyed magnetic surfaces, and quasilinear scaling of the diffusion coefficient for R ≳ 0.3; and global stochasticity as well as percolation scaling of the diffusion coefficient for R≫ 1.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
8.
Hall effects on the hydromagnetic free convection resulting from the combined effects of thermal and mass diffusion of an electrically conducting liquid past an infinite vertical porous plate in a rotating system have been analysed. The expressions for the mean velocity, mean temperature in the boundary layer and the mean skin friction, the mean rate of heat transfer on the plate are derived. The effects of magnetic parameterM, Hall parameterm, Schmidt number Sc, and Ekman numberE on the flow field, are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. 相似文献
9.
We consider non-linear transport and drift processes caused by an inhomogeneous magnetic field in a turbulent fluid. The coefficients of magnetic diffusivity and drift velocity are calculated by making use of the second-order correlation approximation. Transport processes in the presence of a sufficiently strong magnetic field become anisotropic with larger diffusion rate and turbulent electrical resistivity across the field than along the field. Non-linear effects also lead to a drift of the magnetic field away from the regions with a higher magnetic energy. 相似文献
10.
The resonances that appear in the linear compressible MHD formulation of waves are studied for equilibrium states with flow. The conservation laws and the jump conditions across the resonance point are determined for 1D cylindrical plasmas. For equilibrium states with straight magnetic field lines and flow along the field lines the conserved quantity is the Eulerian perturbation of total pressure. Curvature of the magnetic field lines and/or velocity field lines leads to more complicated conservation laws. Rewritten in terms of the displacement components in the magnetic surfaces parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, the conservation laws simply state that the waves are dominated by the parallel motions for the modified slow resonance and by the perpendicular motions for the modified Alfvén resonance.The conservation laws and the jump conditions are then used for studying surface waves in cylindrical plasmas. These waves are characterized by resonances and have complex eigenfrequencies when the classic true discontinuity is replaced by a nonuniform layer. A thin non-uniform layer is considered here in an attempt to obtain analytical results. An important result related to earlier work by Hollweg et al. (1990) for incompressible planar plasmas is found for equilibrium states with straight magnetic field lines and straight velocity field lines. For these equilibrium states the incompressible and compressible surface waves have the same frequencies at least in the long wavelength limit and there is an exact correspondence with the planar case. As a consequence, the conclusions formulated by Hollweg et al. still hold for the straight cylindrical case. The effects of curvature are subsequently considered. 相似文献
11.
Padma K. Shukla 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,264(1-4):235-245
The status of waves and instabilities in magnetized dusty plasmas is summarized. The effects of an external magnetic field
on low-frequency electrostatic and electromagnetic waves in dusty plasmas are discussed. The kinetic and hydrodynamic instabilities
are shown to excite magnetized dusty plasma waves. The presence of the latter can give rise to an oscillatory wake-potential
which can be responsible for the charged dust grain attraction. The relevance of our investigation to laboratory and space
plasmas has been pointed out.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Full quantum relativistic treatment of the cyclotron/synchrotron emission and absorption in tenuous plasmas with superstrong magnetic field is developed for the case when the radiation wave-vector is parallel to the magnetic field. The emissivities and absorption coefficients for a plasma with arbitrary distribution function of particles are presented in terms of simple sums over the Landau levels. On the basis of these expressions, the negative absorption (maser amplification) is shown to be impossible for the longitudinal propagation in a tenuous plasma. The summation over the Landau levels is performed analytically, and the quantum effects are analysed in detail, for the thermal distribution of plasma particles. A new type of quantum relativistic oscillations is predicted in the emission and absorption spectra for a plasma with anisotropic temperature. The results obtained are useful for an interpretation of the X-ray and gamma-ray observations of the objects associated with strongly magnetized neutron stars (particularly of the gamma-ray bursters). 相似文献
13.
An interstellar medium consisting of regular and turbulent magnetic fields, thermal gas and cosmic rays is tested for stability in a stellar gravitational field. Cosmic rays are described by the diffusion-convection equation and the stability region of the system is determined. It is shown that the presence of cosmic rays is a stabilizing factor if the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient is sufficiently small. The dependence of the maximum growth rate of instability on the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient is qualitatively determined. 相似文献
14.
The stability of the plane interface separating two viscous superposed partially-ionized plasmas of uniform densities has been studied. The whole system is assumed to be immersed in a uniform two-dimensional horizontal magnetic field and the stability analysis has been carried out through the normal mode technique. The dispersion relation has been derived for the case of two superposed plasmas of equal kinematic viscosities. The dispersion relation has been solved numerically for different values of the physical parameters involved. It is found that viscosity and collision frequency of ionized plasmas both have stabilizing influence on the growth rate of the unstable mode of disturbance. 相似文献
15.
C. D. Gregory A. D. Ash D. M. Chambers C. Courtois R. A. D. Grundy N. C. Woolsey 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):389-393
Presented are interferometric results of the interaction of two plasmas without and with a magnetic field. This study is based
on the collision-free interaction of two millimetre-scale, counter-streaming plasmas – a proposed experimental simulation
of shock production in a supernova remnant. This collision-free interaction is compared with a separate set of experiments
with an external 7.5 T magnetic field applied. The interaction dynamics are inferred from spatially and temporally resolved
electron density measurements, and the effect of the magnetic field on the plasma interaction is discussed. 相似文献
16.
The steady state solution of a three species magnetoplasma is presented. It is shown that relaxed magnetic field configuration
results in a triple curl Beltrami equation which permits the existence of three structures. It is the consequence of inertial
effects of the plasma constituents. One of the three vortices is of large scale while the remaining two relaxed structures
are of small size of the order of electron skin depth. The magnetic field profiles are given for different Beltrami parameters.
The study could be helpful to understand large magnetic field structures in three species plasmas found in space and laboratory. 相似文献
17.
Analytical study is performed to examine heat and mass transfer characteristics of natural convection flow of an incompressible, rarefied visco-elastic fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate with constant suction in the presence of transverse magnetic field under combined buoyancy force effects of thermal and mass diffusion. The effects of various parameters on mean velocity and mean skin-friction are shown graphically followed by a comparative study of Newtonian and non-Newtonian (visco-elastic). rarefied states. 相似文献
18.
Shiv K. Sethi Biman B. Nath Kandaswamy Subramanian 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(4):1589-1596
We study the implications of primordial magnetic fields for the thermal and ionization history of the post-recombination era. In particular, we compute the effects of dissipation of primordial magnetic fields owing to ambipolar diffusion and decaying turbulence in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the collapsing haloes, and compute the effects of the altered thermal and ionization history on the formation of molecular hydrogen. We show that, for magnetic field strengths in the range 2 × 10−10 ≲ B 0 ≲ 2 × 10−9 G , the molecular hydrogen fraction in IGM and collapsing halo can increase by a factor of 5 to 1000 over the case with no magnetic fields. We discuss the implication of the increased molecular hydrogen fraction on the radiative transfer of ultraviolet photons and the formation of first structures in the universe. 相似文献
19.
Lawrence Rudnick 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2011,32(4):549-555
Both observations and simulations reveal large inhomogeneities in magnetic field distributions in diffuse plasmas. Incorporating
these inhomogeneities into various calculations can significantly change the inferred physical conditions. In extragalactic
sources, e.g., these can compromise analyses of spectral ageing, which I will illustrate with some current work on cluster
relics. I also briefly re-examine the old issue of how inhomogeneous fields affect particle lifetimes; perhaps not surprisingly,
the next generation of radio telescopes are unlikely to find many sources that can extend their lifetimes from putting relativistic
electrons into a low-field ‘freezer’. Finally, I preview some new EVLA results on the complex relic in Abell 2256, with implications
for the interspersing of its relativistic and thermal plasmas. 相似文献
20.
S. V. Chalov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1988,148(1):175-187
A criterion of the instability of a flow of a thermal plasma and cosmic rays in front of an oblique MHD shock wave with respect to short-wavelength magnetosonic disturbances is derived. The dependence of a cosmic-ray diffusion tensor on a plasma density and a large-scale magnetic field is taken into account. The most unstable disturbances propagate at an angle to the magnetic field if diffusion is strongly anisotropic. In some cases the most strong instability connects with the off-diagonal terms of the diffusion tensor. 相似文献