共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 231 毫秒
1.
埒藏高原高寒区“一江两河“中部流域地区的沙漠化土地，根据沙漠化程度可划分为轻度、中度和严重三类。根据地表物质组成可划分砂质和砂砾质沙漠化土地两大类。本区沙漠化土地总面积１８６０．９ｋｍ＾２，其中轻度、中度及严重沙漠化土地面积分别为５３０．５ｋｍ＾２，７５２．９ｋｍ＾２和５７８．６ｋｍ＾２。砂质和砂砾质沙漠化土地分别为９１６．４ｋｍ＾２和９４４．５ｋｍ＾２。主要分布河谷地区，尤以雅鲁藏布江宽谷地段面 相似文献
2.
阐述了利用航片及精处理过的ＴＭ影像编制１：１０万陕西省榆林市芹河乡土地荒漠化分布图的方法及过程，１９６０年及１９８７年分布图的定量分析比较表明，该乡荒沙漠化现象在东部经过治理得到了抑制，而原先多为植被覆盖的西部出现了耕地，牧地奶化成沙地。２７年间全乡林地增另了１３．１３ｋｍ＾２，沙地，耕地及牧地分别减少了７．１８ｋｍ＾２、１．０３ｋｍ＾２和５．９８ｋｍ＾２，结果表明建造防护林是治沙的有效途径。 相似文献
3.
黄土丘陵区小流域土壤氮素流失规律 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
以８．２７ｋｍ＾２纸坊沟流域和１：４００比例流域模型为研究对象,研究小流域土壤氮素随径流流失规律。结果表明：在模拟降雨下,当流域植被覆盖度分别为６０％、４０％、２０％和０时,流域模型土壤铵态氮流失量分别为８７．０８、４４．３１、２５．１６和１３．７１ｋｇ／ｋｍ＾２,硝态氮为８５．５０、７４．０５、６３．９５和５６．２３ｋｇ／ｋｍ＾２,全氮为０．８１、１．１８、１．９８和７．５１ｔ／ｋｍ＾２;在自然 相似文献
4.
塔里木盆地大气降尘初步观测研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
塔里木盆地降尘量分布规律是，塔南明显高于塔北，以昆仑山北麓平原区的民丰至策勒一带为最高，达１１２７．５ｔ．ｋｍ＾－＾２．ａ＾－＾１（策勒，１９９０）。以地区划分降尘量大小，其排列顺序依次为：和田地区，喀什地区，巴音郭楞蒙古族自治州，阿克苏地区。大气降尘订要集中在春，夏两季，，占全年降尘量的７６％，而秋，冬两季仅占２４％，降尘量最高月份为７－８月，最低月份为１２－１月。比较戈壁与绿洲是大气沙尘的一个 相似文献
5.
澜沧江正源问题及上,中游水化学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
澜沧江－湄公河是一条重要的国际河流。源自中国境内的澜沧江，至云南省勐腊县勐捧西北出中国、改称湄公河。它流经中国缅甸、老挝、泰国、柬埔寨、越南六国，注入南海。全长４１８０ｋｍ，流域总面积８１．１万ｋｍ＾２。按河长排序，占世界河流的第９位，历来被举为东南亚文明发展的摇篮。 相似文献
6.
雅鲁藏布江河谷风沙地貌分类与发育问题 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：8
雅鲁藏布江河谷风沙地分类体系则４级２１个类型组成，其中风积地貌划分为谷底与谷坡风积地貌２个亚类。河谷风沙地貌面积１９２９．９４６ｋｍ＾２，可称为“雅鲁藏布江河谷沙地”。河谷区具有沙源，风动力和堆积场地等风沙地貌形成的基本条件。 相似文献
7.
晋陕蒙接壤区土地退化及其治理预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本区土地退化主要有水土流失，风蚀沙化，草场退化，次生盐渍化，土壤贫瘠化５种类型。根据土地综合评价计算，１６个县土地退化总面积２１９５５．２５ｋｍ＾２，所造在怕经济损失十分巨大。为此，提出了重点治理区和一般治理区的治理预测，其中包括治理目标，治理重点，治理措施和治理投资。 相似文献
8.
杨明 《云南地理环境研究》2000,12(1):88-92
怒江－萨尔温江发源于中国西藏自治区诏古拉山南麓吉热格柏,河源海拔高程６０９６ｍ,经西藏、云南、缅甸联邦入印度洋。境流程１３９２．４ｋｍ、流域面积１０３３３０ｋｍ＾２、因海拔高、气候严寒、人口稀少、林木茂盛,以牧业为主。云南境内干流长６２１ｋｍ,上段夹峙在高黎贡山和怒山之间,山高谷深、水流湍急惊涛拍岸,中段保展宽、有上江、芒宽、道街等宽谷,下段又进入狭谷。入缅甸联邦后,行程１６６０ｋｍ,纵贯掸邦高原 相似文献
9.
土壤侵蚀是三峡库区的主要生态环境问题，造成环境质量下降，生态系统输出能力低下，制约了该区农村经济的发展。１９８９年开展的三峡库区水土流失重点防治工程，以小流域为单元实施综合防治，５ａ来一期工程完成水土面积３５９４．４４ｋｍ＾２，工程区的环境质量得到明显改善，人民生活水平提高，开发了潜在的环境人口容量。 相似文献
10.
本文依据南极智利贝纳尔多奥伊金斯将军站的来自南桑德韦奇群岛的Ｍｓ＝６．４级地震面波资料，采用最新的适配滤波频时分析技术和网格频散反演方法，计算了南极半岛地区的勒夫波群速度频散，并获得了该区岩石圈结构模型。结果表明，西南极南极半岛地区地壳为成层结构，可分为三层，其分层厚度分别为５ｋｍ、８ｋｍ和１０ｋｍ。地壳厚度为２３ｋｍ，上地幔顶部速度为５．３２ｋｍ／ｓ。在深度５３ｋｍ以下，地幔介质中速度逐步降低为５．１１ｋｍ／ｓ和４．９ｋｍ／ｓ，最低值达４．８ｋｍ／ｓ，可以推断南极地幔亦为成层结构。 相似文献
11.
本文从天山冰川数量，冰储量、类型以及分布特征等方面系统地分析了天山冰川的资源及其分布规律，为经济建设提供可靠的山地水资源论据。 相似文献
12.
云水含量和云结构参量是天气预报、高山区水循环过程分析的基础。基于2012-2015年夏季CloudSat卫星遥感资料的2B-CLDCLASS、2B-GEOPROF和2B-GEOPROF-LIDAR,结合中国第二次冰川编目数据及气象资料,对祁连山地区疏勒南山冰川区与非冰川区云水含量和云类型特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)云水含量的垂直分布受下垫面和云类型的影响,主要表现为有冰川覆盖的高山上空降水云类型以深对流云为主,无冰川覆盖的高山上空降水云类型以雨层云为主。(2)疏勒南山地区高含水量主要分布在5 km以下的中低层云中,且冰川区气流垂直运动较非冰川区活跃。(3)疏勒南山冰川区云水含量平均值为0.07 g·m^-3,非冰川区云水含量平均值为0.17 g·m^-3,云水的空间变化在一定程度上能够反映降水和水汽的分布状况。 相似文献
13.
Glacier retreat is not only a symbol of temperature and precipitation change, but a dominating factor of glacial lake changes in alpine regions, which are of wide concern for high risk of potential outburst floods. Of all types of glacial lakes, moraine-dammed lakes may be the most dangerous to local residents in mountain regions. Thus, we monitored the dynamics of 12 moraine-dammed glacial lakes from 1974 to 2014 in the Poiqu River Basin of central west Himalayas, as well as their associated glaciers with a combination of remote sensing, topographic maps and digital elevation models (DEMs). Our results indicate that all monitored moraine-dammed glacial lakes have expanded by 7.46 km2 in total while the glaciers retreated by a total of 15.29 km2 correspondingly. Meteorological analysis indicates a warming and drying trend in the Nyalam region from 1974 to 2014, which accelerated glacier retreat and then augmented the supply of moraine-dammed glacial lakes from glacier melt. Lake volume and water depth changed from 1974 to 2014 which indicates that lakes Kangxico, Galongco, and Youmojanco have a high potential for outburst floods and in urgent need for continuous monitoring or artificial excavation to release water due to the quick increase in water depths and storage capacities. Lakes Jialongco and Cirenmaco, with outburst floods in 1981 and 2002, have a high potential risk for outburst floods because of rapid lake growth and steep slope gradients surrounding them. 相似文献
14.
The early Russian researchers working in central Siberia seem to have preferred scenarios in which glaciations, in accordance with the classical glaciological concept, originated in the mountains. However, during the last 30 years or so the interest in the glacial history of the region has concentrated on ice sheets spreading from the Kara Sea shelf. There, they could have originated from ice caps formed on areas that, for eustatic reasons, became dry land during global glacial maximum periods, or from grounded ice shelves. Such ice sheets have been shown to repeatedly inundate much of the Taymyr Peninsula from the north-west. However, work on westernmost Taymyr has now also documented glaciations coming from inland. On at least two occasions, with the latest one dated to the Saale glaciation (marine isotope stage 6 [MIS 6]), warm-based, bedrock-sculpturing glaciers originating in the Byrranga Mountains, and in the hills west of the range, expanded westwards, and at least once did such glaciers, after moving 50–60 km or more over the present land areas, cross today's Kara Sea coastline. The last major glaciation affecting south-western Taymyr did, however, come from the Kara Sea shelf. According to optically stimulated luminescence dates, this was during the Early or Middle Weichselian (MIS 5 or 4), and was most probably not later than 70 Kya. South-western Taymyr was not extensively glaciated during the last global glacial maximum ca. 20 Kya, although local cold-based ice caps may have existed. 相似文献
15.
Yue Fang Weiming Cheng Yichi Zhang Nan Wang Shangmin Zhao Chenghu Zhou Xi Chen Anming Bao 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(4):415-438
Inland lakes and alpine glaciers are important water resources on the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding their variation is crucial for accurate evaluation and prediction of changes in water supply and for retrieval and analysis of climatic information. Data from previous research on 35 alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were used to investigate changes in lake water level and area. In terms of temporal changes, the area of the 35 alpine lakes could be divided into five groups: rising, falling-rising, rising-falling, fluctuating, and falling. In terms of spatial changes, the area of alpine lakes in the Himalayan Mountains, the Karakoram Mountains, and the Qaidam Basin tended to decrease; the area of lakes in the Naqu region and the Kunlun Mountains increased; and the area of lakes in the Hoh Xil region and Qilian Mountains fluctuated. Changes in lake water level and area were correlated with regional changes in climate. Reasons for changes in these lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed, including precipitation and evaporation from meteorological data, glacier meltwater from the Chinese glacier inventories. Several key problems, e.g. challenges of monitoring water balance, limitations to glacial area detection, uncertainties in detecting lake water-level variations and variable region boundaries of lake change types on the Tibetan Plateau were discussed. This research has most indicative significance to regional climate change. 相似文献
16.
Spatial-temporal characteristics of lake area variations in Hoh Xil region from 1970 to 2011 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
As one of the areas with numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, the Hoh Xil region plays an extremely important role in the fragile plateau eco-environment. Based on topographic maps in the 1970s and Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images in the 1990s and the period from 2000 to 2011, the data of 83 lakes with an area above 10 km2 each were obtained by digitization method and artificial visual interpretation technology, and the causes for lake variations were also analyzed. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) From the 1970s to 2011, the lakes in the Hoh Xil region firstly shrank and then expanded. In particular, the area of lakes generally decreased during the 1970s–1990s. Then the lakes expanded from the 1990s to 2000 and the area was slightly higher than that in the 1970s. The area of lakes dramatically increased after 2000. (2) From 2000 to 2011, the lakes with different area ranks in the Hoh Xil region showed an overall expansion trend. Meanwhile, some regional differences were also discovered. Most of the lakes expanded and were widely distributed in the northern, central and western parts of the region. Some lakes were merged together or overflowed due to their rapid expansion. A small number of lakes with the trend of area decrease or strong fluctuation were scattered in the central and southern parts of the study area. And their variations were related to their own supply conditions or hydraulic connection with the downstream lakes or rivers. (3) The increase in precipitation was the dominant factor resulting in the expansion of lakes in the Hoh Xil region. The secondary factor was the increase in meltwater from glaciers and frozen soil due to climate warming. 相似文献
17.
近40 年可可西里地区湖泊时空变化特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以可可西里地区1970s 地形图和1990s、2000-2011 年Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像为基础,通过数字化和影像解译获取研究区83 个面积大于10 km2湖泊变化数据,并对湖泊变化成因进行了分析。研究结果表明:1) 1970s 初期至2011 年,可可西里地区湖泊经历了“先萎缩后扩张”的变化过程,其中1970s-1990s 期间湖泊面积普遍减小,1990s-2000 年湖泊出现扩张,并在2000 年恢复到1970s 湖泊规模,2000 年之后湖泊面积急剧增大。2) 2000-2011 年间,可可西里地区不同规模等级湖泊整体呈扩张趋势,但表现出一定的区域差异性。面积呈增加趋势的湖泊数量最多,亦分布最广,一些湖泊由于扩张迅速出现湖泊合并或湖水外泄情况;面积呈减少趋势或波动起伏的湖泊数量较少,零散分布在研究区中部和南部,湖泊动态变化与其自身补给条件或与下游湖泊(河道) 存在水力联系有关。3) 在研究时段内,降水增多、蒸发减少是可可西里地区湖泊扩大的主要原因,而气候变暖引起的冰川融水增加、冻土水分释放是次要原因。 相似文献
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19.
中国季风温冰川区近代气候变化与冰川动态 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27
通过对中国季风温冰川区的气候实测资料、冰芯记录、树木年轮指数和冰川进退记载等多种指标的综合分析,较详细地研究了400年以来本区气候与冰川变化。自17~19世纪小冰期的两个寒冷阶段以后,中国季风温冰川分布区气温普遍波动上升,与全球变暖的大背景一致, 大部分冰川正在后退,但降水量变化则比较复杂,达索普冰芯记录证明,本区西部的喜马拉雅山地区降水量表现为下降的趋势,与气温变化相反,而东部的横断山等地的降水则表现为上升的趋势,与气温变化同步,这主要是不同来源大气环流影响的结果。研究区主要盛行来源于印度洋的西南季风,此外,其东部还受来源于西太平洋东南季风的影响,西部受西风环流南支的影响,造成中国季风温冰川区东西部不均匀的降水分布和变化趋势。小冰期以后,我国的季风温冰川对气候变暖反应敏感,绝大部分冰川持续后退。20世纪80年代以来,后退速度加剧, 但后退幅度和规模因地而异。 相似文献
20.
气候和地貌对晚第四纪冰川发育差异性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国第四纪冰川作用极大地推动了高亚洲乃至全球冰川形成机制的探讨。青藏高原以及喜马拉雅山地冰川作用的时限和规模研究得到了广泛关注,为西风带与西南季风带对晚第四纪冰川作用差异性问题的解决提供了有利条件。然而,对于中亚西风环流与东亚季风环流影响下的冰川演化差异性关系不甚明确,两大气候系统控制下的山地第四纪冰川的冰进时序、冰期历史和冰川规模显示出不同特点,其差异性主要体现在:西部山地的冰期启动时间早,冰川规模随时间而逐渐缩小,冰川历史较为完整,绝对年代证据显示冰川作用的启动时间是450 ka 左右的中梁赣冰期(MIS12);东部山地的冰期历史较短,仅保留末次冰期(~75 ka)的冰川遗迹,冰川作用的阶段性明显;冰川演化时间与空间的差异性表明,影响冰川发育的因素不仅仅是区域气候,构造因素也起着相当重要的作用。 相似文献