共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
M. L. Myrianthis 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1975,7(1):35-65
SummaryGround Disturbance Associated with Shield Tunnelling, in Overconsolidated Stiff Clay The present paper attempts to describe the ground disturbance which occurs during a shield tunnelling, in an overconsolidated stiff clay. In particular, an effort has been made to find the possible main factors, which might affect the form and the magnitude of the detected ground movements.However, a correlation between the former factors and the actual performance of the clay was attempted, when it seemed possible and realizable. This was due to the fact that the overall process of tunnelling where the ground disturbance propagates in space, evolving in time is of some complexity like any multiparameter problem.Finally, by using the elasto-plastic approach, a simple analysis has been carriedout, on which the stress regime has been evaluated and properly connected with the tunnel advance.Ground deformations, predicted on that basis, were compared to the in-situ measurements making it easy to check the adopted concept.With 20 Figures 相似文献
2.
目前针对小半径曲线隧道开挖诱发地层沉降的理论研究均将盾构机视为一个连续的整体,未考虑盾构机铰接装置带来的影响,由此不能正确评估小曲率盾构开挖路径变化带来的超挖效应等。首先,根据盾构机铰接位置以及盾构机与小曲率隧道开挖路径的几何位置关系,得到了小曲率隧道开挖过程中不同盾构铰接位置超挖量及盾构铰接角计算公式;其次,基于镜像法及Mindlin解,求解了铰接盾构施工时因超挖地层损失、盾尾地层损失、开挖面不均匀推力、盾壳不均匀摩擦力及盾尾处注浆压力等共同影响的地层沉降;最后,采用工程监测数据与理论解进行对比验证,得到较好的一致性。此外,针对隧道转弯半径、前盾长度、盾构铰接角及超挖量等进行了参数分析。分析结果表明：不考虑盾构铰接装置的影响将过高估计地层损失而导致地层沉降预测值偏大。随着转弯半径的减小,前盾长度、盾构铰接角及超挖量的增加,地层沉降增大,但其值变化均对开挖面前方沉降影响较小,对开挖面后方沉降影响较大。在开挖面后方,随着与开挖面距离的增大,当转弯半径取值较小,前盾长度、盾构铰接角及超挖量取值较大时,纵向地表沉降呈先增大后减小趋势。 相似文献
3.
盾构隧道局部长期渗水对隧道变形及地表沉降的影响分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究表明,盾构隧道长期渗水会造成地表及隧道严重沉降。针对盾构隧道局部渗流难以模拟的现状,首先提出了一种既符合盾构隧道刚度要求又能实现局部接头渗水的计算方法;在稳定渗流状态对应的相同渗流量的前提下,对比分析了管片在不同接头渗水条件下隧道周围土体孔压分布、地表和隧道沉降以及隧道变形规律。分析结果表明,盾构隧道渗水接头的位置不同,孔压分布、地表和隧道沉降以及隧道的变形均有明显差异;接头位置越靠近隧道底部,渗水导致的孔压减小越显著,造成的地表及隧道沉降越显著。接头渗水不但会使隧道发生横向椭圆化变形,还会引起隧道左右两侧受力不平衡,从而造成隧道水平侧移。通过对比表明,采用接头渗水和传统的衬砌均质渗水得到的孔压分布、沉降及隧道变形规律均有显著不同;不考虑隧道局部渗水特点会对隧道结构长期性态的认识产生偏差。 相似文献
4.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(4-5):234-247
For shield-driven tunnels, the influence of the soil and grout material properties and of the cover depth on the surface settlements, the loading and deformation of the tunnel lining and the steering of the TBM is investigated numerically. To this end, comparative numerical simulations of a mechanised tunnel advance in homogeneous, overconsolidated, soft, cohesive soil below the ground water table are performed and sensitivities are evaluated. The advancement of the step-by-step tunnel construction process is modelled using a three-dimensional finite element model, which takes into account all relevant components of shield tunnelling. The material behaviour of the saturated soil and the tail void grout is modelled by a two-field finite element formulation in conjunction with an elasto-plastic Cam-Clay model for the soil and a hydration-dependent constitutive model for the grout. The analyses provide valuable information with regard to the significance of the investigated parameters and demonstrate the complexity of the various interactions in shield tunnelling. 相似文献
5.
成都地铁卵石层中盾构施工开挖面稳定性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着我国社会经济的发展,越来越多的城市开始规划和修建地铁,在此期间,部分城市在地铁建设中遇到了地质条件非常复杂的砂卵石土层,特别是正在建设中的成都地铁1、2号线,区间隧道几乎全部从卵石土层中穿越,根据设计,成都地铁1、2号线部分区间隧道采用加泥式土压平衡盾构法施工。利用土压平衡式盾构施工时,开挖面支护土压力控制是保证掘进顺利进行的关键,目前国内外在这方面的研究主要集中于砂土和黏性土,关于卵石土盾构隧道开挖面变形与破坏的研究很少。基于此,根据卵石土具有强烈离散特性的特点,利用颗粒离散元数值方法,对卵石土层土压平衡式盾构施工中开挖面支护应力不足引起开挖面的变形及破坏问题进行了分析研究,探讨了隧道开挖面变形及破坏问题。研究结果显示:（1）开挖面极限支护应力远小于土体原位静止土压力;（2）开挖面失稳后,开挖面前部的滑动块为一曲面体。这为卵石土地层中盾构开挖面控制压力的确定提供参考。 相似文献
6.
软土中盾构隧道施工不可避免地扰动周围地层,进而引起地面沉降,沉降过大时将危及邻近建（构）筑物的正常使用和结构安全。全面理解盾构隧道施工引起的地面沉降的影响因素及对沉降的准确预测,对于减少施工环境危害十分重要。考虑盾构压重后,引入Mindlin解计算盾构下卧土层中的附加应力,采用单向压缩分层总和法计算盾构下卧土层的总固结沉降,由盾构掘进速度及停机时间确定附加应力作用时间后,应用太沙基一维固结理论计算在该作用时间内的固结沉降,应用Peck公式建立了盾构下卧土层沉降与地面沉降的关系,并以杭州庆春路过江隧道地面沉降的实测验数据对上述理论进行了验证。分析表明,考虑盾构掘进速度及停机时间的地面沉降计算理论基本合理;盾构掘进速度及停机时间会对隧道施工引起的地面沉降产生显著影响;在其他施工条件相同的前提下,提高盾构掘进速度和减少停机时间有利于减少地面沉降。 相似文献
7.
A three-dimensional parametric study of the use of soil nails for stabilising tunnel faces 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Applying an effective nailing system at a tunnel heading, not only improves the stability of the tunnel heading and limits deformation at the tunnel face, but it also reduces volume loss during excavation and hence reduces ground surface settlement. The effectiveness of a soil nail system is affected by many factors such as the diameter and stiffness of the nails. In this paper, a systematic parametric study was conducted to study the axial rigidity of a nail, EnAn, for improving the stability of tunnel headings and reducing ground movements in stiff clay. The parametric study involved a series of three-dimensional elasto-plastic coupled-consolidation finite element analyses. The stability of the tunnel face is improved with increasing EnAn. For a given nail density applied at the tunnel face, an optimum axial rigidity of the nail (EnAn)opt can be identified. The efficiency of the nailing system diminishes when (EnAn)opt is reached. The use of a soil nailing system reduces the magnitude of stress relief at the tunnel heading during excavation. Thus, this reduction of stress relief minimises the amount of soil yielding and excess pore water pressure generated in the soil around the tunnel heading. 相似文献
8.
对地面出入式盾构法隧道施工引起的土体垂直变形计算方法进行研究。考虑盾构轴线与水平面的夹角 （即隧道埋深变化）,对林存刚公式进行修正,结合正面附加推力、盾壳摩擦力、附加注浆压力和土体损失的共同作用,提出全新的土体垂直变形计算公式。算例分析结果表明：在隧道埋深较浅工况下,新方法计算结果与林存刚公式的计算结果差异较大,新方法计算得到的开挖面前方地面隆起和后方地面沉降均较大;盾构上仰掘进时,随着 增大,由正面附加推力、盾壳摩擦力及土体损失引起的纵向土体垂直变形曲线呈上移趋势,由附加注浆压力引起的纵向土体垂直变形曲线则呈下移趋势;地面沉降最大值变小,但地面横向沉降槽范围逐渐变大。 相似文献
9.
盾构隧道穿越苏州河对防汛墙的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
轨道交通11号线盾构隧道穿越苏州河将会对防汛墙的安全造成影响。为保证盾构顺利实施,拔高影响盾构穿越的桩基,采用双跨门洞式的结构型式对防汛墙结构加固改造。在保证防汛墙安全的前提下,为隧道穿越预留了足够空间。运用有限元数值模拟方法建立计算模型,对隧道穿越前后防汛墙结构的受力和变形形态进行分析。研究结果表明,隧道穿越前底板呈连续梁变形规律,长桩桩身中部和短桩桩端呈向外侧扩张的趋势,整个结构受力性状符合门洞式刚架结构的特性。隧道穿越后,底板的变形趋势与隧道穿越前变形规律相似,最大变形位于隧道上部跨中部位,而桩基变形形态则完全不同,隧道开挖引起长桩桩身中部和短桩桩端向隧道侧的变形,长桩呈挠曲变形,桩身最大变形位于隧道拱轴线附近,短桩呈刚体变形,最大变形位于桩端。经与实测沉降数据对比,盾构的穿越对防汛墙变形的影响处于可控状态,整体防汛墙计算沉降值与实测值较为接近。 相似文献
10.
依托上海轨道交通M10线双圆盾构区间隧道工程,对自由场下双圆盾构隧道施工力学行为进行三维有限差分数值模拟,分析了盾构施工地表沉降及超孔隙水压力的特征、量值与范围,并与监测结果进行对比,以得到能够反映施工技术水平的模拟施工参数。将该模拟施工参数应用于下立交下双圆盾构的推进,用以预测盾构掘进对下立交底板的影响。研究结果表明,在三面封闭的条件下,盾构施工引起的正超孔压很难向外界消散、负超孔压也很难得到外界水位的补给;在开挖面前方,底板受到挤压力,且挤压力主要由超孔隙水压力组成;沿横向方向,作用在下立交底板下的超孔隙水压力分布较均匀,而土体颗粒的挤压力则主要分布在其中线附近;下立交结构的刚性位移是引起底板沉降的主要原因,底板变形引起的沉降较小,变形最大值在盾尾脱离时取得。 相似文献
11.
Phien-wej, N. and Cording, E.J., 1991. Sheared shale response to deep TBM excavation. Eng. Geol., 30: 371–391.
Ravelling and squeezing of sheared shale of Stillwater Tunnel caused severe problems in tunneling with a tunnel boring machine (TBM) that led to termination of the contract. The tunnel was finally holed through with two TBM's specially designed for squeezing ground. Although the shale mass in all geological conditions exhibited time-dependent response, significant squeezing was confined to sheared shale with large amounts of clay gouge infill, wherein creep of the clay gouge was the prime mechanism controlling the ground response. However, when the tunnel face was advanced at a slow rate, the observed ground squeezing in the early period was largely induced by the effect of stress change from face advance, not the creep. Ground ravelling was very significant in sheared shale due to the high degree of fissuring and fracturing of this thinly bedded shale. Failure of the first TBM resulted mainly from the incompatibility of the shield design with the sheared shale. The shield was too long and stiff and had variable diameters. Extensive observation and instrumentation programs of the project provided valuable information on rapid mechanized tunneling in heavy ground. 相似文献
12.
城市地铁隧道施工不可避免地对围岩产生扰动引起地表沉降,动态预测隧道开挖引起的地表沉降是确保地表建构筑物与隧道施工安全的重要基础。针对隧道施工过程中地表沉降难以准确动态预测的问题,在定义纵向开挖度系数? 的基础上,建立横向地表沉降动态预测模型。该模型能够描述同一监测位置沉降曲线随掌子面推进而不断变化的规律,实现施工现场沉降动态预测。结果表明：在特定约束条件下,该模型能够退化为Peck模型以及随机介质理论预测模型;通过现场施工验证了该动态预测模型的准确性与适用性;基于纵向开挖度系数? 将隧道沿纵向分为强烈、中度和轻度共3个影响段,较好地反映了开挖掌子面在不同位置对同一监测截面的影响程度;通过分析建筑物和隔离桩对地表沉降曲线的影响可知,建筑物与其附近地层呈现出协同变形、共同承载的特征,在隧道一侧添加地质钻隔离桩对该侧地表沉降值的减小程度可达71.9%。研究成果对滇中引水工程现场施工与类似工程具有一定指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
13.
顶管施工中土体损失引起的沉降预测 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
顶管施工过程中不可避免地会产生土体损失,进而引起地面沉降。对前人工作进行总结,提出一个可以计算土体中任一点沉降的通用经验公式。假定土体不排水,考虑土体泊松比以及采用椭圆形非等量径向土体移动模式,对Sagaseta公式进行了修正。算例分析表明,在开挖面后方较远处,修正Sagaseta公式与Peck公式和Loganathan公式的计算结果较吻合。修正Sagaseta公式与累积概率曲线的变形规律一致,开挖面上方地面沉降量都为最大地面沉降量的一半,但累积概率曲线的影响范围小、收敛速度快;该方法也适用于盾构法施工。 相似文献
14.
Prediction of stresses and strains around model tunnels with adjacent embedded walls in overconsolidated clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents the results of finite element analyses carried out using different constitutive models for overconsolidated clay: the Modified Cam clay model and the Three-Surface Kinematic Hardening (3-SKH) model. These analyses are evaluated against data from an extensive series of physical model tests examining the influence of an embedded wall placed near a tunnel on ground movements and tunnel stability. It is shown that for heavily overconsolidated soils reasonable predictions of both deformations and failure can be obtained from kinematic hardening models such as the 3-SKH model, which allow plastic deformation inside a Modified Cam clay state boundary surface. 相似文献
15.
Three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses have been performed to study the behaviour of a single pile and 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 pile groups during open face tunnelling in stiff clay. Several governing factors, such as tunnelling-induced ground and pile settlement, axial pile force changes and shear transfer mechanism at the pile–soil interface, have been studied in detail. Tunnelling resulted in the development of pile head settlement larger than the free-field soil surface settlement. In addition, axial force distributions along the pile change substantially due to changes in the shear transfer between the pile and the soil next to the pile, which triggers tunnelling-induced tensile forces in the piles with tunnel advancement. It was found that the relative displacements and the normal stresses at the pile–soil interface drastically affected shear transfer. The extent of slip length along a pile increased as the tunnelling proceeded. The apparent allowable pile capacity was reduced by up to approximately 42% due to the development of tunnelling-induced pile head settlement. Shear stress on the pile was increased for most of the pile depth with tunnel advancement, which was associated with changes in soil stresses and ground deformation, and hence, the axial pile force was gradually reduced with tunnel advancement, indicating the development of tunnelling-induced tensile pile force. The maximum tunnelling-induced tensile force on the pile was approximately 0.33Pa, where Pa is the allowable pile capacity applied to the pile head prior to tunnel excavation. The range affected by tunnelling in the longitudinal direction may be identified as approximately −2D ∼ +(1.5–2.0D), where D is the tunnel diameter, from the pile centre (behind and ahead of the pile axis), in terms of pile settlement and axial pile force changes based on the analysis conditions assumed in the current study. Larger pile head settlements and smaller changes in axial pile forces were computed for piles that were part of groups. It has been found that the serviceability of piles experiencing adjacent tunnelling is more affected by pile settlement than by axial pile force changes, in particular for piles inside groups. The magnitude of the tunnelling-induced excess pore pressure was small and may not substantially affect pile behaviour. 相似文献
16.
随着城市内地铁盾构区间隧道临近城市道路桥桩工程的增多,急需研究盾构隧道临近桥桩施工对桥桩的变形影响问题。采用有限元数值计算方法,结合盾构隧道穿越桥桩实际工程,建立了盾构隧道施工对临近桥桩影响的数值分析模型,模拟盾构隧道施工,对盾构隧道穿越临近桥桩的桩体沉降、桩体侧移、地表沉降进行了数值分析研究,盾构隧道穿越时及穿越后桩体沉降、桩体侧移、地表沉降控制结果较为理想,桩体处于稳定状态。结合现场监测成果,对数值计算结果和监测结果进行对比分析,表明采用的数值分析计算模型、参数取值对盾构隧道施工对临近桥桩影响的模拟是可靠的,可以运用文中的数值计算方法预测后续盾构隧道施工引起临近桥桩沉降、桩体侧移和地表沉降结果。 相似文献
17.
在膨胀土地基中进行隧道对群桩影响的三维离心模型试验研究,目标地层损失比为2%,着重研究引起的地基沉降槽、桩的附加沉降、附加弯矩、轴力的变化规律。试验得出：隧道开挖沉降槽空间效应明显;隧道开挖从-0.75D至1.25D时,桩附加沉降呈线性增长,隧道开挖至1.25D以后,桩依然沉降明显。前桩与后桩沉降值不同,桩帽会出现倾斜;前桩上部出现负附加弯矩而下部出现正附加弯矩,而后桩仅在下部出现正附加弯矩;前桩附加弯矩最大值出现在隧道轴线附近,且比后桩附加弯矩大得多;前桩附加轴力随着隧道的开挖而增加,且每步最大值在隧道轴线附近。后桩的轴力也随隧道的开挖而增加,但每步最大值出现在桩顶附近。 相似文献
18.
盾构穿越砂卵石地层地表沉降特征细宏观分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以成都砂卵石地层中地铁1号线的土压平衡盾构掘进施工为研究背景,采用室内试验、PFC2D二维颗粒流程序和 Plaxis 3D有限元软件对盾构穿越砂卵石地层地表沉降特征进行了细宏观数值模拟,揭示了土压盾构穿越砂卵石地层的失稳机制和沉降规律,并结合实际施工参数和实测地表沉降数据进行了对比分析,获得了土压盾构在砂卵石地层中掘进引起的地表横向沉降槽和纵向沉降槽曲线,分析了不同大小的开挖面土仓压力和盾尾注浆压力对地表沉降的影响,给出了砂卵石地层开挖面土仓压力的建议值和盾尾注浆压力参数的合理取值范围。细宏观分析表明,与注浆压力相比较,土仓压力对地表最大沉降曲线的形状影响较小;但必须关注土仓压力的变化,在砂卵石地层中由于土拱效应对开挖面稳定性影响较大,甚至发生突然坍塌破坏。 相似文献
19.
采用?800 mm模型土压盾构开展室内掘进试验,以探究砂卵石中土压盾构隧道掌子面失稳诱发地层变形特征。同时,补充开展三维离散元仿真以挖掘室内试验难以获取的掌子面失稳信息,并研究隧道埋深对掌子面稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明：砂卵石地层中盾构隧道掌子面失稳发展到地表后,沉降曲面呈上大下小逐步收缩的沙漏状,影响范围小于砂土地层。考虑盾构动态掘进过程后,卵石颗粒接触关系变化十分剧烈,掌子面稳定性被削弱,极限支护压力随之增大。掌子面极限支护压力随隧道埋深基本呈线性增加,极限支护压力与初始支护压力之比则随埋深增大而减小。掌子面失稳机制可根据隧道埋深划分为3种模式。与既有研究相比,考虑了盾构动态掘进过程与实际工程更加接近,可为确保砂卵石地层土压盾构隧道施工掌子面稳定提供参考。 相似文献
20.
双线平行盾构隧道施工引起的三维土体变形研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于双线水平平行盾构施工中土体损失引起的土体变形二维解析解,建立土体变形三维解析解。取不同的纵向位置作为变量,建立土体损失率沿纵向的变化方程;考虑先行隧道施工对后行隧道的影响,分别计算两条盾构隧道施工引起的土体变形,叠加得到双线平行盾构施工引起的土体总变形。其方法能够计算土体深层沉降和水平位移,较精确地反映土体三维变形。算例分析结果表明：预测值与实测值较为吻合;土体沉降随着离开挖面距离的增加而不断增大,最终在x = -40 m左右时趋于稳定;随着先行隧道与后行隧道开挖距离的接近,最大土体总沉降量逐渐增大;土体沉降会随着深度z的增大而略微增加,但沉降槽宽度将略微减小;随着两条隧道轴线水平距离L的增大,最大土体沉降逐渐减小,沉降曲线形状慢慢由V型转变成W型,不再符合正态分布规律。 相似文献