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甲亚胺——H酸分光光度法测定海水中的硼 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
一、前言海水中硼的测定,对海洋环境化学、海洋地球化学及海洋生物化学的研究具有重要意义。硼的测定方法报导很多,但对海水中硼的测定报导较少。海水中硼的测定有甘露醇容量法,氟硼酸根离子选择电极法,萃取原子吸收法,分光光度法等。在分光光度法中主要有胭脂红酸法和姜黄素法。胭脂红酸法需在较浓硫酸介质中显色,给操作带来困难;姜黄素法需要蒸发阶段,方法比较繁琐。 相似文献
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为了探索光合作用的机理,研究海洋生产力,开发利用海洋植物资源以及保护海洋环境,都需要研究有关海藻光合作用的问题。在这些研究工作中经常需要测定光合作用速度。氧电极极谱法是测定溶解氧的灵敏、快速的方法,在光合作用的研究中广泛应用这 相似文献
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近年来,危险化学品泄漏入海事故风险不断增大,而国内外在危化品泄漏事故对海洋环境影响的评价方法尚不完善。本研究针对危化品泄漏入海事故的特点,构建了危化品泄漏事故海洋环境质量影响评价工作程序及技术路线,参考相关技术规范和文献资料,明确了不同类别海洋环境敏感程度的划分原则,提出了危化品泄漏事故等级和海洋环境质量影响评价工作等级的确定方法。在此基础上,针对海洋水质、海洋沉积物和海洋生物等环境质量要素,探讨了不同评价等级下调查范围、站位和频次等的设定方法。获取各项环境质量指标后,提出了基于有序二元对比定权的综合指数法评价危化品泄漏对海洋环境质量的影响程度。本研究为危化品泄漏事故海洋环境影响评价标准和规范的制定奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
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一、前言 铜、锌是海洋环境监测重要项目之一。对海洋生物中铜、锌的测定,一般采用比色法和原子吸收法。但由于海洋生物样品基体复杂,待测元素含量变化较大,往往需要分离富集,同时取样量大,操作繁琐费时,容易沾污。为寻找一种较为简便的分析方法,本文在前人的基础上,提出用硝酸-过氧化氢湿法消解样品,火焰原子吸收法直接测定海洋生物中铜、锌,使操作大为简化,也减少了在操作过程中的沾污。本方法应用于海洋生物中铜、锌 相似文献
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海洋环境保护法是国家调整人们在使用海洋环境、开发和利用海洋资源、保护海洋环境的活动中所发生的社会关系和社会秩序的法律规范,它既是国家环境法律体系的组成部分,同时也是国家海洋法律体系的有效组成部分。我国《海洋环境保护法》于1982年8月23日第五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第24次会议通过并予以公布,于1983年3月1日起生效实施。该法颁布实施标志着我国海洋环境保护工作走上了法制化轨道,对保护海洋环境,减少海洋环境的污染损害发挥了重要作用。该法实施十几年来,各有关部门和各级政府加强了对海洋环保的领导和投人,有关… 相似文献
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作者之一曾介绍过用于海洋结构钢耐腐蚀性能研究的电连接模拟海洋环境腐蚀试验法。通过与广西北海市沿海和山东青岛市沿海的实际长尺试验结果的对比，表明这种方法能较好地反映不同海洋环境——大气区、浪溅区、潮间区和全浸区——的腐蚀特征。使用这种方法对多种低合金钢进行了试验，其结果不仅与外海长尺试验法有类似的海洋环境－腐蚀曲线，而且不同钢种耐蚀性的排列顺序彼此也相一致。为了进一步考查这一模拟方法在腐蚀过程和腐蚀机制上是否符合实际海洋情况，本文从腐蚀产物和腐蚀破坏类型的角度，通过对镍铜磷钢试样在两种方法下470天后的表面锈层形貌和除去腐蚀产物后基体金属表面状态的观察、比较以及不同海洋环境锈层相结构的分析比较，进一步揭示电连接模拟法与外海长尺法的对应关系，证实了它们之阁有比较好的相关性。 相似文献
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文章系统地阐述了虚拟化相关基本知识,全面介绍了服务器虚拟化技术发展及其在海洋环境应用方面的现状,分析了目前海洋环境信息系统建设中存在的问题及解决方法,重点研究了将服务器虚拟化技术应用到海洋环境信息管理中的方法,并据此展望了建设支撑海洋环境信息业务的低成本试验和运营环境的应用前景。 相似文献
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Electrical resistivity (or conductivity) is often a useful parameter for investigating the marine sedimentary environment. The resistivity of unconsolidated sediment is usually measured in the laboratory from sample cores. Since the resistivity of sediment is highly dependent upon the pore arrangement and water contents, the laboratory values may not represent those under undisturbed conditions. Because of many practical difficulties and the costs involved, however, in situ resistivity determination for marine sediments is still rare. 相似文献
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海洋天然气水合物生成机制的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
天然气水合物在海洋环境中与在纯水溶液中的生成条件有很大的不同。海洋天然气水合物的生成除了受温度和压力的影响外,还要受到孔隙水的化学组成、流体中气体的浓度及沉积物类型的影响。本文综述了国外海洋天然气水合物的实验研究成果及其进展,重点介绍了海洋天然气水合物生成与分解的热力学条件及各种影响因素,并探讨了今后该领域的研究方向和问题。 相似文献
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The influence of cyclic loading on the strength and deformation behavior of cemented marine clay has been studied. This marine clay is of recent Pleistocene origin and deposited in a shallow water marine environment. Open pits were dug in sheeted enclosures and from these pits, undisturbed samples were taken for strength testing. A series of standard triaxial shear tests and stress controlled one-way cyclic load tests were conducted at consolidation stress ranges below and above the preconsolidation pressure. For the stress levels below the preconsolidation pressure, the cyclic loading has brought about the collapse of the cementation bond through an increase in strains, and at higher pressure ranges, the soil behaves like typical soft clay. This experiment studied the rate of development of strain and pore water pressure and shows that rate is a function of number of cycles, applied stress, and stress history. In addition, soil degradation during cyclic loading is studied in terms of Degradation Index. Attempt has been made to predict stain, pore water pressure, and degradation index through an empirical model. 相似文献
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Consolidation occurs in estuarine marine clays for coastal reclamation by dissipation of the excess pore pressure, which is induced by increasing the total overburden stress during conventional mechanical surcharging. The excess pore pressure can be decreased usually by the use of several construction methods such as sand drain and paper drain. Besides the drain methods, vacuum can also be used in the soil mass to consolidate the estuarine marine clays by decreasing the pore pressure as well as increasing the effective stress.The study on vacuum consolidation is devoted so far mainly for laboratory model tests or numerical analysis in Korea. Recently, an instrumentation system was applied to manage the vacuum-applied consolidation on a field, in which a sewage disposal plant was constructed. While vacuum was applied, the behaviors of estuarine marine clays such as the settlement, lateral deformation and pore water pressure have been investigated precisely. The behavior of estuarine marine clays during vacuum-applied consolidation shows some difference from the behavior of estuarine marine clays in the case of conventional preloading. A principal difference is that the lateral deformation corresponding to settlement is smaller than before vacuum application even though the surcharge height has been increased. 相似文献
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象山港海洋生态环境评价方法研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文基于1988—2014年的监测数据,针对象山港海洋生态环境状况,建立了象山港海洋生态环境评价的科学方法,结果表明:(1)根据象山港生物生态、水质、水动力、水团提出了三类三级评价指标体系,其中水质指标的确定综合考虑了水体中主要超标物质、长时间序列的波动及变化趋势;(2)根据东海E2断面、象山港及口门监测数据统计分析确定象山港的活性磷酸盐和无机氮的环境污染变化推荐基准年分别为1993年和1992年;结合频数分析法,象山港海域活性磷酸盐和无机氮的推荐基准值分别是0.023mg/L和0.50mg/L;(3)评价分级根据生态环境现状及分区衔接确定为3个等级,其中水质指标选择2011年25%、75%所对应的营养盐浓度值为分级依据;(4)评价结果表明,2011年象山港从口门至港底生态环境分别为好、较好、一般,2014年为好、较好、一般、差;与2011年相比2014年象山港2、4、5、7、8、9区的综合环境有所下降。 相似文献
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The oceanic biogeochemical cycles of many trace elements are dominated by their association with the growth, death, consumption and sinking of phytoplankton. The trace element content of marine phytoplankton reflects nutritional status, species composition, surface area to volume ratios, and interactions with bioactive and toxic elements in the ambient seawater. Despite the ecological and environmental importance of trace element assimilation by autotrophs, there are few modern measurements of trace elements in phytoplankton assemblages from the natural environment. Here we introduce a new method for collection and analysis of size-fractionated particulate samples from practical seawater volumes. We pay particular attention to accurate determination of trace element filter blanks which are typically the limiting factor for analysis of such samples. Metals were determined at very low detection limits by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for 11 elements (Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, U, Zn and P, which is used as a biomass normalizer) in three types of polymer filters (0.45, 5.0, and 53 μm pore size) and a quartz fiber filter (0.8 μm pore size). To place these new determinations in a practical context, results are presented for a vertical profile of samples filtered from 1–4 l of coastal seawater (0.3–1.0 mg total solid dry weight) at a station off central California. The results demonstrate that the blanks of the evaluated filter types, precleaned appropriately, are sufficiently low to allow accurate determination of the trace metal content of three size-classes of phytoplankton. At the Pacific station, measured phytoplankton Zn content (as Zn/P) agrees with values predicted from single-species culture studies growing at seawater Zn concentrations expected for coastal waters. The new method has utility as a generally applicable and simple size fractionation technique, and allows determination of natural and pollutant elements in small samples of phytoplankton and particles in coastal, estuarine and offshore marine regimes. 相似文献
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Shuchai Gan Verena B.Heuer Frauke Schmidt Lars W?rmer Kai-Uwe Hinrichs 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(1):109-119
Marine sediments represent a major carbon reservoir on Earth. Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in pore waters accumulates products and intermediates of carbon cycling in sediments. The application of excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy(EEMs) in the analysis of subseafloor DOM samples is largely unexplored due to the redoxsensitive matrix of anoxic pore water. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the interference caused by the matrix on EEMs and propose a guideline to prepare pore water sam... 相似文献
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磷作为海洋浮游生物生长必需营养元素之一,其准确测定对海洋生态系统元素循环过程的研究具有重要意义。目前,文献中对于海洋浮游生物中总磷的测定方法报道不多。由于海洋浮游生物生存的高盐海洋环境,高盐基体的存在导致常规检测方法不能准确测定磷的含量。为剔除高盐基体效应及干扰,本文运用微波密闭消解预处理样品,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)联合标准加入法建立工作曲线,同时结合样品的特异性,对ICP-OES分析谱线、射频功率、雾化气流速、观测高度、蠕动泵泵速和观测方式等仪器参数进行优化,构建确定了准确测定海洋浮游生物中总磷的优化条件和技术流程。实验结果显示, ICP-OES最佳工作条件为分析谱线P213.617 nm,射频功率1 300 W,雾化气流量0.8 L/min,观测高度14mm,进样泵速1.5 m L/min,观测方式轴向。标准加入法标准曲线相关系数大于0.999,相对标准偏差为1.36%~1.67%,加标回收率为92.6%~94.3%,方法检出限为0.010 mg/L,检测结果具有较高的准确度和精密度,可为海洋浮游生物及其它高基体生物样品中磷含量的准确测定提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Zhuangcai Tian Lei Jia Naili Hu Susheng Wang Mingwei Zhang Guoqing Zhou 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(2):142-149
Internal solitary wave(ISW) is often accompanied by huge energy transport, which will change the pore water pressure in the seabed. Based on the two-dimensional Biot consolidation theory, the excess pore water pressure in seabed was simulated, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of excess pore water pressure was studied. As the parameters of both ISW and seabed can affect the excess pore water pressure, the distribution of pore water pressure showed both dissipation and phase lag... 相似文献
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海洋沉积物含水率、密度和孔隙度等物理参数是沉积物声学特性研究中的重要指标。由于南海沉积物类型多样、成分复杂, 特别是深海沉积物样品珍贵, 需精确测定沉积物声学及物理参数并无损害地保持沉积物化学性质。文章以黏土、粉砂和砂三种典型海底沉积物为研究对象, 使用环刀法和烘干法, 在不同温度条件下(60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃)测定和分析了这三种沉积物的含水率、密度、孔隙度随烘干时间的变化趋势及特征, 并进行了回归分析和综合研究。结果表明: 1) 对同类型沉积物, 温度越高, 完全失去孔隙水的时间越短, 且失水过程具有阶段性;2) 同一温度下, 三种典型沉积物完全失去孔隙水的时间为t砂<t粉砂<t黏土, 且不同时间段, 失去孔隙水的速率差异较大, 这主要与沉积物的颗粒大小、颗粒间的间隙大小以及烘干后期沉积物中所含的水分均已大部分流失有关;3) 建议声学沉积物样品的烘干温度以80℃左右为宜, 并给出三种沉积物完全烘干的参考时长和临界时间;4) 在温度为80℃时, 将临界时间处的物理参数带入经验方程进行声速预报是可行的。 相似文献