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1.
建立了地质化探样品中不同含量和检出限要求的12个元素的连续测定方法。样品经一次取样,用盐酸-氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸溶样,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铜、铅、锌、钴、镍、镉、锶、钡、钒、锰后,加碘化钾-甲基异丁基甲酮萃取分离,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定银、镉。银、镉的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)分别为6.5%、4.7%。与现行分析方法相比,建立的方法灵敏度和精密度高、准确度好,降低了生产成本,缩短了检测时间,尤其适合大量化探样品的测定。  相似文献   

2.
The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn were determined in superficial sediments extracted from nine zones of Budi Lagoon, located in the Araucanía Region (Chile). The concentrations of these metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and the method was validated using certified reference material (marine sediment). The concentration ranges found for the trace elements were: Pb < 0.5; Cd < 0.2–3.9; Cu 21.8–61.9; Ni 31.2–59.4; Zn 54.5–94.8 mgkg?1 (dry weight). The elements that registered the highest concentrations were Mn 285.4–989.8 mgkg?1 and Fe 4.8–10.6 %. The lagoon cluster analysis of the stations was divided into three groups (Temo station with high Cu and low Mn concentrations, Bolleco, Comué, Allipén and Deume 3 stations presented highest Cd concentration, and another group Botapulli, Río Budi, Deume 2 and Deume 1 stations presented low levels of Cd). The textural characteristics of the sediment were determined (gravel, sand and mud) and the results were correlated with the concentrations of the metals in the various study zones. The sediments of Budi Lagoon presented high levels of Fe and Mn, which are of natural origin and exceed the maximum values recorded by many authors. With respect to the recorded concentrations for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, are within the ranges published by other authors in similar works. The Pb element was not detected. The results were subjected to statistical analysis to evaluate the correlations between the content of the elements and obtain the site of sediment.  相似文献   

3.
Urban street dust is one of important indicators of the status of urban environmental pollution. There are many studies in capital cities, but little attention has been paid to this kind of study in medium cities, especially in China. The dust samples were collected in the district of traffic crossroads in Xianyang city, Shaanxi Province. Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Mn concentrations were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicate that street dusts in Xianyang city have elevated metal concentrations as a whole in comparison with Shaanxi Province soil, except for Mn. The content of heavy metals was comparable to those in capital cities. Correlation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used and three main sources were identified; Mn comes mainly from soil sources; Cu, Zn and Ni are mainly derived from industrial sources combined with traffic sources; Pb, Cr and Cd have traffic sources. Heavy metal enrichment factors were calculated, which can reflect human influence degree of street dusts.  相似文献   

4.
The analytical performance of laser ablation (LA) for the determination of Co, Fe, Cd, Ag, Mn, Cu and S in sphalerite was evaluated using double focusing sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). Samples were collected from Zinkgruvan, situated in the south central Sweden. The use of Zn for internal standardisation, together with correction for FeS impurities in sphalerite, allows straightforward quantification without using external methods for the determination of the actual Zn content. LA–ICP-SFMS results were compared with data obtained by conventional pneumatic nebulisation introduction of sample solutions following acid digestion. Good agreement between the two methods was obtained for homogeneously distributed elements. For the majority of the elements under consideration, LA–ICP-SFMS precision was better than 10% RSD.  相似文献   

5.
Surface sediments were collected from different sites of a freshwater reservoir, Pakistan, and analyzed for eight metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The estimated metals levels were found higher than other reported studies. The environmental indices including geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor and contamination factor identified Cd, Co, Pb and Zn as the priority pollutants of concern. Chromium, Cu and Mn were also found to be enriched in some areas. The pollution load index (≥1) indicated progressive deterioration of the sediments quality. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed that Cd, Co, Pb and Zn were mainly originated from agricultural activities, domestic wastes, road runoffs and recreational activities. Chromium, Cu, Fe and Mn were mainly derived from natural sources though Cr, Cu and Mn were partially contributed by human inputs. Based on spatial distribution, inlet and middle sites of the reservoir were found more contaminated. This study would drive urgent attention to develop preventive actions and remediation processes for aquatic system protection and future restoration of the reservoir.  相似文献   

6.
The content of 11 heavy metals in the sediments of a stream system was determined by atomic absorption analysis. Geochemical phases were investigated using a sequential extraction scheme, and bulk contents were assessed with a single HNO3 extraction. Certain heavy metals were associated with different geochemical phases. Co, Mn, and Ba concentrated primarily in the carbonate and Mn phases, while all the remaining metals concentrated in the Fe and remnant phases. Features located along the stream system influenced the content of heavy metals. Results from the geochemical phases indicated Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ag were emitted by one landfill, while Cd, Ba, and Ag were emitted by a second landfill. A wastewater treatment facility appeared to emit Ni and Cu. A stream draining a reservoir and joining the study stream resulted in dilution of the heavy metals in the sediments. A populated area along the study stream appeared to emit Mn. The single HNO3 extraction procedure is quicker to perform than the sequential extraction but does not indicate the phase associations.  相似文献   

7.
Analytical data are presented for the determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn in 60 geochemical reference samples by simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization. The samples include rocks, sediments, coal ash, Mn nodules and ores. Accuracy and precision of the analysis are evaluated statistically.  相似文献   

8.
通过广东凡口铅锌矿区灰岩风化残积土壤指示元素富集粒度和存在形式的研究,证实了指示元素在粗、细两端元粒级富集的倾向。但小于200目的细粒级富集稳定性更好。建议将野外直接过200目筛网的土样送交分析。证实了铁锰氧化物是指示元素的主要载体相。锰氧化物比铁氧化物更富集成矿元素。采用土壤重砂的电磁性部分作为样品介质或采用部分提取的方法,均可提高土壤地球化学异常衬度和分析灵敏度。  相似文献   

9.
淮南煤田煤矸石中环境意义微量元素的丰度   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
淮南煤田矿区开采历史长,煤矸石累计堆存量大,从环境意义角度研究该矿区煤矸石具有其典型性和现实性.根据煤矸石来源、矿区主采煤层和岩性特征,在井下煤系地层系统采集原始煤矸石样品44件,运用现代环境微量元素分析技术(INAA和ICP-MS)测定了煤矸石中46种微量元素,并用冷原子吸收法分析Hg、选择性电极法分析F.进而筛选出11种具有环境意义的有害元素:10种金属元素(Cd、Cu、Ni、Sn、Hg、Mn、As、Cr、Pb、Zn)和1种非金属元素F.并以总量法初步预测和评估这些元素的含量水平和潜在的环境影响.与淮南煤及其土壤、世界煤、华北泥岩的对比可知,煤矸石中Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sn等超出土壤背景值,有必要对这些元素在矿区环境污染迁移性和累积件的环境效应进行深入调查研究.  相似文献   

10.
The USGS reference sample marine mud MAG-1 has been subjected to a sequential extraction procedure designed to partition the constituent trace metals into five fractions: I-exchangeable; II- bound to carbonates; III-bound to Fe-Mn oxides; IV- bound to organic matter; V- residual. The analytical approach involved successive chemical extractions and the subsequent determination of trace metal concentrations (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn; Fe, Mn) in the leachates by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The chemical speciation results obtained on four replicate sub-samples demonstrate that the coefficients of variation for metal concentrations in the individual fractions are generally better than + 10%. Comparison with published values for total trace metal concentrations in the MAG-1 sample suggests that the overall accuracy of the chemical extraction procedure is satisfactory.  相似文献   

11.
成都市某蔬菜基地重金属污染状况分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
分别用原子吸收和原子荧光光谱法，研究了成都市蔬菜基地蔬菜中Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Hg、As的含量和相应的土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量。研究结果表明蔬菜中重金属含量均低于国家食品卫生标准。蔬菜中Cd、Zn、Cu、Hg主要来自土壤，Pb、As主要来自大气降尘。温室种植能有效地避免蔬菜Pb、As的污染。温室无土栽培应注液培养基中的重金属含量，以免导致二次污染。  相似文献   

12.
Sixty-five samples of rocks, soils, plants and well waters in the Mamandur area have been analysed for Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, K, Na, and Mn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Among the plants, Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae is confined to mineralised ground in the area. This plant is characterised by maximum concentration of Zn, Cu, Mn, Rb, Sr, Na and K, and is to that extent, a valuable (though not an infallible) indicator of base-metal mineralisation. It is shown that there is considerable difference in the intake of elements by plants in relation to the concentration of the same elements in the soils and well waters of the area.  相似文献   

13.
The objectives of the current study were to determine the chemical partitioning of Pb, Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn, Fe and Cd using sequential extraction procedure and to assess the environmental risk associated with these metals in the farming soils along Zerqa River. Metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study area demonstrated a wide range for pH, organic matter, carbonate contents, and cation exchange capacity, and is polluted with Pb, Cd, Mn, and Cu. The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural activities, and discharge of treated and untreated wastewater are the major sources of pollution in the study area. Principal component analysis coupled with Pearson’s correlation analysis between the heavy metals revealed strong and positive correlation between these metals in the study area. According to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC), major portions of Cd and Mn are contained in exchangeable and carbonates fractions and therefore can easily enter the food chain. These metals pose a high to very high risk to the environment. Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn pose medium risk, while Cr poses a low environment risk.  相似文献   

14.
The concentrations and spatial distribution of nine potentially harmful elements (PHEs), namely Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and their relation to soil properties were investigated in thirty soil profiles (0–50 cm depth) sampled around the largest Serbian coal-fired power plant (CFPP) “Nikola Tesla A.” Soil properties were determined following standard procedures, and total contents of PHEs were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer. Concentrations of Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were the highest in soil profiles sampled 1 km away from the CFPP, concentrations of Ni and Cu gradually increased up to 4 km, and the highest Cr concentrations were measured in samples taken 6 km away from the CFPP. The highest concentration of PHEs analyzed, except Mn, corresponded with predominant wind directions. Depth did not show significant impact on distribution of any PHEs investigated. Among soil properties, the total organic carbon showed the closest relationship with the PHEs. Data were processed by a principal component analysis which enabled distinguishing anthropogenic from natural influences on soil properties and PHE contents. Although the impact of CFPP operations is obvious, assets of principal component analysis did not allow clear distinction of CFPP’s contribution from parent material in enrichment of PHE contents in the soil in the study area.  相似文献   

15.
Two porphyry copper-type mineral occurrences were prospected using multi-element soil geochemistry with the purpose of their selection, identification and evaluation and in order to outline a drill target.The two occurrences are located in very different climatic zones: one in the north of Peru at an altitude of 2500 m, in moderate but humid climatic conditions; the other in a warm desert area at an altitude of 1500–1800 m.For each soil sample, Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Au, Mn, Fe, and K were determined. In both cases, the values were not significantly influenced by weathering processes except for Cu, which showed high mobility in desert conditions.A system of concentric zoning with Cu, Mo, Au, and K in the center and Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe forming the outer zone, together with field observations enabled us: (1) to confirm the existence of a zoned hydrothermal system, indicating porphyry copper-type mineralization; (2) to outline a target area for drilling more easily than by using only soil Cu values, which are often unreliable due to the high mobility of the metal; and (3) to follow the migration of elements like Mn, Zn, Fe, and Pb as a result of hydrothermal alteration.  相似文献   

16.
A solvent extraction, flame atomic absorption analytical scheme is reported for the elements Au, Tl, Sb, Ga, Mo, Cu, Ni, Co, Ag, Bi, Cd, Pb, Zn and Mn in geological materials. Results are quoted for NIM standard rocks and for USGS reference samples, and are compared with published values; practical detection limits are generally better than 0.2 ppm. A stepwise solvent extraction and preconcentration process is utilised (chloro complexes, diethyldithiocarbamate and 8-hydroxyquinoline chelates are used with methyl isobutyl ketone and n-butyl acetate as solvents) which allows the reproducible isolation of groups of elements which generally occur at similar concentrations geologically. Analytical accuracy is maintained by the chemical elimination, within each step, of other chelate-forming elements present at higher concentrations which would cause spectral interferences during the atomic absorption measurements. The complete stepwise process is reported together with elemental partition data which covers a range of aqueous ionic conditions.  相似文献   

17.
Sequential core sediments from northwestern Taihu Lake in China were analyzed for grain size, organic carbon and heavy metal content. The sediments are composed of organic-poor clayey-fine silts. The chemical speciations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were also analyzed using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn are mainly associated with the residue fraction; Mn is concentrated mainly in exchangeable/carbonate fraction and residue fraction; and Pb mainly in Fe/Mn oxide fraction and organic/sulfide fraction. The exchangeable/carbonate fractions of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Pb are lower. The fractions of Ni, Pb and Zn bound to the Fe/Mn oxide have significant correlations with reducible Mn; the organic/sulfide fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn have significant correlations with TOC. The extractable fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn are high at the top 4 cm of the core sediments as compared to those in the deeper layers, showing the anthropogenic input of heavy metals is due to rapid industrial development. The heavy metal pollution history of the sediments has been recorded since the late 1970s, determined by the result of ^137Cs dating.  相似文献   

18.
The heavy metal contents of Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Pb, Cd, Fe, and V in the surface sediments from five selected sites of El Temsah Lake was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Geochemical forms of elements were investigated using four-step sequential chemical extraction procedure in order to identify and evaluate the mobility and the availability of trace metals on lake sediments, in comparison with the total element content. The operationally defined host fractions were: (1) exchangeable/bound to carbonate, (2) bound to Fe/Mn oxide, (3) bound to organic matter/sulfides, and (4) acid-soluble residue. The speciation data reveals that metals Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Fe, and V are sink primarily in organic and Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides phases. Co is mainly concentrated in the active phase. This is alarming because the element is enriched in Al Sayadin Lagoon which is still the main site of open fishing in Ismailia. Average concentration of the elements is mostly above the geochemical background and pristine values of the present study. There is a difference on the elemental composition of the sediment collected at the western lagoon (Al Sayadin Lagoon), junction, the shoreline shipyard workshops, and eastern beach of the lake. Depending upon the nature of elements and local pollution source, high concentration of Zn, Pb, and Cu are emitted by industrial wastewater flow (shoreline workshops), while sanitary and agricultural wastewater (El Bahtini and El Mahsama Drains) emit Co and Cd in Al Sayadin Lagoon. On the other hand, there is a marked decrease in potentially toxic heavy metal concentrations in the sediments at the most eastern side of the lake, probably due to the successive sediment dredging and improvements in water purification systems for navigation objective. These result show that El Temsah receives concentrations in anthropogenic metals that risk provoking more or less important disruptions, which are harmful and irreversible on the fauna and flora of this lake and on the whole ecobiological equilibrium.  相似文献   

19.
Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization that has occurred in China over the last few decades, metals have been continuously emitted into the urban environment and now pose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, there is a growing concern over the potential for pollution of urban soils with heavy metals. Therefore, an extensive soil survey was conducted in urban areas of Changchun, China, to evaluate the current status of heavy metal contamination in soils and to evaluate its potential sources. A total of 352 samples of urban soils were collected from urban areas of Changchun using a systematic sampling strategy in which one sample per km2 was taken (0 ~ 20 cm). The levels of Cu, Pb, Zn and the major elements (Mn, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, SiO2, K2O and NaO) were then determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), while the level of Cd was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), and the Hg and As concentrations were determined by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The results indicated that, when compared with the background values of topsoil in the Changchun region, the topsoil in urban areas were enriched with metals, particularly Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg. The results of correlation coefficient analysis showed that Hg, As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were significantly positive correlated with each other, while Cr and Mn formed another group. Moreover, significantly positive correlations were observed between pH and Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As and Hg, indicating that pH influences the distributions of these metals in urban soils in Changchun. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify sources of heavy metals and the results revealed distinctly different associations among the trace metals and the major elements in the urban soils. The concentration of Cr appeared to be controlled by the parent material (natural sources), while Cu, Pb and Zn were mainly from vehicle emissions, with Zn primarily coming from vehicle tires. Additionally, Hg and As primarily originated from coal combustion, while Cd was mainly associated with industrial sources. According to the pollution index (PI) of each metal, the overall levels of metal pollution were not especially high, but there were clearly contaminated sites concentrated in the central and northeast portion of the studied region. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) of the seven metals also indicated that urban soils in Changchun city were classified as having low level of pollution.  相似文献   

20.
采用密闭式微波消解系统处理土壤样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法或石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中铜、砷、铅、锌、钴、铬、锰、镍、钒9个元素。分别从消解液的选择、用酸量及样品消解量等方面进行消解条件的优化,确定了一个最适合土壤消解的前处理体系。各元素的检出限为0.16～2.52μg/g,回收率为95.2%～106.6%,精密度为2.03%～9.79%(n=7)。方法简单快速,效率高,劳动强度低,是进行土壤中多元素测定的高效方法。  相似文献   

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