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1.
Otomo A 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1983,5(1-2):44-59
This paper discloses, istly, the spatial mobility of Japanese women and its change mainly between 1970 and 1980, through comparison with the men's mobility, in respect of distance of movement, age patterns, and labor force status, using population census data. Secondly, the chief reasons for the migration of women by types of migratory flows are examined using the data derived from the survey on reasons for migration conducted in 1981 by the Land Agency of the Government of Japan. Results show that the spatial mobility of Japanese women is smaller than that of men in long distance movements but is almost the same in short distance moves, and that the age pattern of spatial mobility of the women is nearly the same between both distances of movement. Also, it is disclosed that the mobility of women not in the labor force is higher for the whole country but lower in metropolitan areas than that for men. The prime reason for the migration of women is employment, the as same as that for men for the whole nation, but this varies between the types of migratory flows. 相似文献
2.
敖荣军 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(1):59-63
由于劳动力的异质性,不同技能劳动力之间的合作和互补可以获得递增收益。客观存在的技能互补性导致技能劳动力迁入与迁入地技能劳动力需求之间的正反馈关系,从而引发了劳动力区际流动与人力资本地区集中之间的累积循环。该文基于Giannetti提出的技能互补性假说,从一个新的角度对劳动力区际流动的动因进行理论与实证分析,并揭示该假说的区域经济学含义。 相似文献
3.
In the first part, the authors review a group of studies dealing with the identification of regional differences in Italian migratory patterns, especially using the concept of migration field. The second part is devoted to a study of the hierarchical clustering of Italian provinces using 1973 inter-provincial migratory flow data. (summary in ENG, FRE) 相似文献
4.
"The last four decades have seen the establishment of close migratory links between the French Caribbean islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe and the metropole.... The present paper focuses on the...complex migratory links--including continuing emigration from the islands for work and education, return migration and circulation--which have come to characterise the 1980s.... The paper aims also to contribute to the broader conceptualisation of migration and mobility. The principal conclusions reveal that the more straightforward labour migration of the years from 1963 to 1981 has been replaced by some considerable return migration (amongst young adults particularly) and circulation.... The paper also demonstrates that the role of migration in reducing population growth and fertility in the islands has been much altered during the course of the 1980s." 相似文献
5.
本文旨在更好地解读国家政策与移民流动性之间的相互关系。基于门槛分析方法,我们建立了关于边界、流动性和移民的基础理论,并重点探讨了具有移民倾向的个体心理过程。人们往往根据以下3个地理门槛作出移民抉择：一是关注迁移、离开熟悉的地方、跨越国界的想法;二是关注目的地区位及其边界和“接壤”(Bordering);三是关注迁移路径或途径。本文的案例主要来自欧盟和东南亚国家,分别包括荷兰和德国之间的跨界现象,2008年经济危机后欧盟的人口流动,2015-2016年期间欧盟和土耳其间的难民流动,菲律宾劳工移民,以及印度尼西亚—马来西亚迁徙通道等。最后,本文讨论了流动性和边界政策及治理。 相似文献
6.
明晰城市热岛（UHI）效应相关概念内涵、厘清其定量刻画方法是有效开展UHI效应研究的重要基础。全球城市化进程使UHI效应越发普遍,相关研究数量迅速增长并出现了UHI效应的多样认知,尤其对具有空间异质性表征优势的地表城市热岛（SUHI）效应开发了多样的定量刻画方法,但目前尚缺乏对其定量刻画方法的系统梳理。因此,本文对城市热岛、城市热岛效应、地表温度和城市热环境等易混淆概念进行了辨析,总结了各类UHI典型空间位置和尺度范围。在SUHI效应定量刻画中,将SUHI范围识别方法归结为城乡温度阈值、温度等级阈值、高斯拟合参数、温度衰减突变四大类,指出当前SUHI范围识别研究侧重于对SUHI影响规模的认知。研究同时对各类范围识别方法所对应的SUHI强度表征指标进行了梳理,认为理解指标本质内涵是掌握指标间潜在差异的前提。未来研究应整合多维度数据以突破单一SUHI监测途径,发展大尺度SUHI定量刻画方法以拓展定量研究的广度,认知连通化SUHI空间形态以挖掘范围识别研究的深度。 相似文献
7.
Chamila T. Attanapola 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2013,67(4):219-228
Although in the past Sri Lanka has had a higher number of women migrant workers, recent statistics show that the gap between the percentages of female and male migrants is decreasing. Since 2007, male migrants have outnumbered female migrants. The article explores how Sri Lankan men have responded to the increased economic needs of their families and lack of proper income-generating activities within the country by engaging in transnational livelihoods, as well as how their roles and identities are contested and negotiated through labour migration. The study is based on men's narratives on their reasons for migration and their experiences of transnational labour migration. The concepts of hope and life course are used to analyse the intertwined relationships of gender and mobility in transnational livelihoods. The author identifies that men's mobility is motivated by their hopes of fulfilling traditional gender norms as providers and protectors of their families in combination with their new identity as successful men. Further, the study provides evidence that men's mobility is not only gendered but also a repeated act during their life course. The study contributes to strengthen research on mobility and gender by adding men's perspectives on transnational labour migration. 相似文献
8.
Nengcheng Chen Jie He Chao Yang Chao Wang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):1051-1072
Different versions of the Web Coverage Service (WCS) schemas of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) reflect semantic conflict. When applying the extended FRAG-BASE schema-matching approach (a schema-matching method based on COMA++, including an improved schema decomposition algorithm and schema fragments identification algorithm, which enable COMA++-based support to OGC Web Service schema matching), the average recall of WCS schema matching is only 72%, average precision is only 82% and average overall is only 57%. To improve the quality of multi-version WCS retrieval, we propose a schema-matching method that measures node semantic similarity (NSS). The proposed method is based on WordNet, conjunctive normal form and a vector space model. A hybrid algorithm based on label meanings and annotations is designed to calculate the similarity between label concepts. We translate the semantic relationships between nodes into a propositional formula and verify the validity of this formula to confirm the semantic relationships. The algorithm first computes the label and node concepts and then calculates the conceptual relationship between the labels. Finally, the conceptual relationship between nodes is computed. We then use the NSS method in experiments on different versions of WCS. Results show that the average recall of WCS schema matching is greater than 83%; average precision reaches 92%; and average overall is 67%. 相似文献
9.
以三亚为例,基于对256位候鸟旅游移民的实地调研,采用因子分析及方差分析等方法,探讨了候鸟旅游移民迁移驱动力的结构、强度及群体差异.结果表明:1)三亚候鸟旅游移民经济收入和文化水平相对较高,但也存在显著的内部差异;2)三亚候鸟旅游移民迁移驱动力由风景环境、社会资本、社会象征、城市服务、生活方式、家庭氛围及健康养生等7个... 相似文献
10.
飞蝗Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus)系斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae飞蝗属Locusta Linnaeus洲际性农业重大害虫,在我国主要包括东亚飞蝗L.migratoria manilensis (Meyen)、亚洲飞蝗[WTBX]L.migratoria[WTBZ] (Linnaeus)和西藏飞蝗L.migratoria tibetensis Chen。掌控飞蝗灾害的地理空间分布并预测起潜在的适宜分布区,对于我国飞蝗灾害的综合防控具有重要意义。结合三种中国飞蝗灾害记录地理信息和生物环境环境因子参数,应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt) 和地理信息技术(GIS) ,在3 km×3 km尺度上对三种飞蝗灾害在中国的地理分布空间格局梯度、灾害风险概率和风险等级进行了模拟预测与分析,并对影响分布的关键生物气候环境因子进行了分析。结果显示,蝗灾害风险区的地理分布模拟结果与历史记录完全符合,ROC检验表明MaxEnt 模型预测可靠性极高。三种飞蝗东亚飞蝗、亚洲飞蝗和西藏飞蝗在中国的灾害风险区总面积依次分别为315.87×104 km2、395.80×104 km2和125.00×104 km2,分别占国土面积的33.43%、41.96% 和13.25%。东亚飞蝗和亚洲飞蝗的灾害风险区存在75.8×104 km2的空间重叠,主要分布于我国农牧交错区及以南区域。三种飞蝗灾害风险区的地理梯度与分布格局与中国三大自然地理区高度吻合,其地理分布格局表现出显著的经度和纬度空间梯度异质性。刀切法检测（Jackknife test）表明,三种飞蝗灾害的主导生物—气候影响因子的不同导致了其地理分布格局的显著差异,表明蝗灾爆发概率同时受到各自不同飞蝗物种对气候环境的适应性与地理空间隔离作用的共同制约。研究结果可为我国飞蝗灾害的跨界联合全程防控、区域联网监测联控和综合治理提供参考依据。 相似文献
11.
城市腹地定量识别研究进展与展望 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
城市与其腹地相互联系、相互作用,对城市腹地的准确识别有助于科学评估城市发展实力与潜力,已成为当前城市(群)空间发展战略制定的重要决策支撑。本文系统梳理了城市腹地概念内涵,从流度辐射区、城市吸引区,到中心地与腹地互动,再到中心地与腹地一体化的历史变化。在此基础上重点探讨了城市腹地定量识别的研究进展：识别对象从单一城市腹地转为城市群腹地,识别内容则从宽泛的综合腹地转向具体产业、金融、信息腹地等,识别方法为对传统场强模型的多要素修正。最后,将城市腹地定量识别研究展望概括为网络城市腹地与虚拟腹地识别、经济—生态—人文腹地的综合识别、遥感数据与非参数化模型的应用等3个方面。 相似文献
12.
居民出行活动与居民的收入水平关系是公共交通、城市地理研究的重要问题。传统获取居民出行活动信息主要基于问卷调查的方式,不仅成本高、样本量有限,且研究局限于定性讨论,研究结果易因受访者的主观意识而产生偏颇。随着信息技术的革新,传感器记录的大规模人类活动信息为研究居民出行活动特征与居民收入水平关系提供了可能性。本文利用上海市居民时空轨迹数据,从居民出行活动的角度出发,首先构建居民出行活动指标,并利用主成分分析法提取居民出行活动特征的主要成分;然后对主成分进行K-Means聚类,并针对不同出行活动特征的类别,分析居民出行活动特征与居民收入水平的关系,结果表明：①居民出行地点多样性与居民出行范围大小是反映居民出行活动特征的主要成分;②移动范围越小、移动地点多样性越低的居民类别,其平均工资水平越高;③不同移动性特征的类别平均收入水平差异与各类别居民工作地的产业发展有关。研究结论可为城市规划及相关经济政策制定提供参考。 相似文献
13.
基于人口省际流动的中国城市网络转变中心性与控制力研究——兼论递归理论用于城市网络研究的条件性 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
转变中心性和控制力是近年来城市网络研究的重要方法。本文首先从网络拓扑结构角度讨论递归理论用于城市网络研究的条件性;其次,基于百度迁徙数据构建城市网络,利用复杂网络方法、改进后的转变中心性和控制力方法对城市网络进行测度。结论指出：① 递归理论用于城市网络分析有其特定的数据结构要求,其适用于树形结构、而不适用于局部存在完整图的网络结构的测度;② 基于人口省际流动的中国城市网络存在小世界现象,人口流动空间格局在全国和区域尺度下均呈现出明显的核心—边缘结构,国家城市化发展战略与重要交通设施对人口流动网络产生框架性的导向作用。哈尔滨—北京—西安—成都—大理一线是关联结构与强度空间差异的明显界限。③ 转变中心性与控制力更能揭示中国城市网络节点的属性特征,和辨识资源流通对网络城市产生的不同影响与空间效应。城市网络中既包括北京、上海、重庆、广州等以高中心性高控制力为特征的典型城市,也包括武汉、太原、贵阳、福州等高中心性低控制力的枢纽城市,和兰州、银川等低中心性高控制力的门户城市。因此,转变中心性和控制力概念对加深城市复杂多样化内涵的认识具有重要的意义。 相似文献
14.
改革开放后,中国社会出现了同乡同业集聚的现象,新化文印产业就是其中具有代表性的一类。对文印人员流出地“故乡”与流入地“他乡”进行考察,运用质性研究方法,探究了在文印产业发展过程中“故乡”与“他乡”所发生变化、承担的功能与相互联系。研究表明：文印产业对“故乡”与“他乡”的社会、经济文化等各方面影响巨大;“故乡”的功能体现在为文印产业的发展提供了人力资源、为从业人员提供了从业路径,及感情交流与回归的空间;“他乡”促进了产业的技术革新,形成了集聚效应并为从业人员提供了向上社会流动的空间;“故乡”与“他乡”是产业背后推动文印产业发展的虚实两只手,并通过文印产业与从业人员的社会关系及构建的文化紧密相连,形成了产业、空间、人口相互联系、动态循环的新化模式。 相似文献
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Participatory scenario planning (PSP) processes rely on accurate stakeholder identification to develop a key set of critical uncertainties. While many stakeholder analysis methods are able to identify stakeholders and describe their relationships, we found these efforts to have limited use in the fast-moving and in-depth approach of PSP research. We find that social network analysis (SNA) is an efficient, objective, and transparent approach to stakeholder identification in highly contested natural resource management issues. We present a case study of our research on Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula to describe how SNA’s ability to contextualize the relations between actors can benefit participatory research. 相似文献
17.
Maike Didero Sonja Nebel Carmella Pfaffenbach 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(3):361-386
Population growth, urban sprawl and a high degree of car dependency as well as slowly rising petrol prices contribute towards increasing challenges for everyday urban mobility in Muscat, Oman. Until now, only a few empirical studies have dealt with urban mobility in Oman. Therefore, this article draws mainly on our own empirical findings to answer the following questions: What do daily and weekly mobility patterns look like in Muscat? How do these practices differ depending on the social position of the household, i.e. their nationality, income and education? Which interdependent effects can be discerned between everyday mobility practices and the fragmented and segregated urban structures? Since our research questions focus on the interrelations between urban structures and individual mobility, we chose a mixed‐methods approach including methods derived both from social and spatial research. This article in particular draws on our quantitative survey covering 850 households and extensive mappings of three selected case study areas and secondary data analysis. 相似文献
18.
Laure Charleux 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(2):186-197
This article proposes a simple post hoc segmentation approach to revisit Household Travel Survey data and sketch archetypal mobility figures (clusters) that relate to people's daily mobility experiences. Describing the mobility behaviors of the different clusters and the distribution of the population between clusters is a powerful means to draw the mobility landscape of a metropolitan area and make comparisons over time and across places. Furthermore, clusters can be used to contextualize mobility behaviors in a variety of social inquiries and can be complementary to traditional quantitative mobility indicators or qualitative investigations. 相似文献
19.
In Israel, a well-known avian migratory bottleneck, there is a temporal and geophysical divide in the flyways. The migration at Eilat, at the southern tip of Israel, is disjunct from the flyway in central and northern Israel. In order to elucidate the differences between the two flyways, we compared the data collected simultaneously at the Kfar Ruppin ringing station in northern Israel, and in the IBRCE Bird Sanctuary in Eilat at the southern tip of Israel. We chose the three most common species that are typical long distance, trans-Saharan, passerine migrants: Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) and Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus). At both ringing stations, the number of migrants recorded in spring was considerably greater than in autumn for all three species. Individuals from all species analysed in both passage seasons at Kfar Ruppin had longer wings than in Eilat, and in spring all three species were heavier in Kfar Ruppin. Our study is the first to show that there are biometric differences within Israel and stress the need to study the eastern migratory flyway of the Western Palaearctic in order to fully understand the intercontinental movements of the EurAsian migratory passerine populations. 相似文献
20.
西安曲江新区移民群体的地方意义建构与检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
处于变革时代的移民群体正经历着“回不去的乡村,融不进的城市”的挑战,构建地方意义以促进移民群体更好地适应迁入地,成为流动性视角下地方研究的基础性与迫切性课题。本文引介地方意义的概念,在系统梳理相关文献的基础上,选择西安曲江新区为案例地,借由理论建构和实证检验的逻辑思路,对曲江新区移民群体的地方意义展开实证探讨。研究发现:移民群体地方意义的探索性理论模型包括自我认同、人地互动、人际互动和综合互动4个维度,互动过程发生在由自然、社会关系与价值构成的关系性地理架构之上;本文开发的移民群体地方意义测量量表,包含4个维度共计20个问项,经过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,验证了所建构模型的稳定性和适切性。此外,本文还对地方意义的实质、识别与形成的特点展开了讨论。本研究充实并完善了“地方”及“地方意义”的概念体系结构,部分回应了移民与人地关系研究的理论延伸与发展需要。 相似文献