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1.
Atlantic tomcod larvae, hatching in late February and early March 1975 and 1976 into a regime of accelerating river flows, were moved rapidly downriver from milepoint 42–54 (MP 0 is the estuary mouth) to the most seaward reaches of the estuary. This resulted in a spatiotemporal distribution markedly different from that of other Hudson River fish species. Peak tomcod density on posthatch sampling dates was observed most frequently at the George Washington Bridge station (MP 11). Correlation between movements of the 1.0‰ salt front and movements of the age-0 tomcod population was high (r=0.82); and may have been enhanced by high freshwater flows. The population epicenter was always seaward of the 1.0‰ salt front and mean distance between the two was 16–17 km. Moved by tidal and freshwater flows, the tomcod population oscillated between MP 0 and MP 43 during March–May 1973–1976. Location of the population epicenter after mid march was predicted (r2=0.76) to be seaward of the Tappan Zee Bridge (MP 30) when freshwater flows were greater than 450 m3 s?1. During flow regimes greater than 1,290 m3 s?1, the epicenter was predicted to be seaward of the George Washington Bridge (MP 11). An optimum-allocation sampling design for age-0 tomcod showed that 58% of the total effort from mid March to early June should be directed to the river region between MP 0 and MP 24, a region largely ignored in previous studies. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY066 00013 相似文献
2.
将激光剥蚀等离子质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS)及显微X射线断层扫描技术(Micro-CT)运用到鲤鱼耳石对水环境中重金属元素的响应关系研究中. LA-ICP-MS结果表明白洋淀水域鲤鱼耳石中的Cu和Pb含量大于密云水库相应元素的含量;Micro-CT数据统计表明白洋淀水域鲤鱼耳石的Micro-CT值高于密云水库鲤鱼耳石的Micro-CT值.原子序数大的重金属元素Cu和Pb的富集程度是导致两研究区水域Micro-CT值差异的主要原因.耳石中的元素与水体元素具有相似的分布趋势,且对水体中的相应元素有明显富集作用.因此,鲤鱼耳石Micro-CT特征与水环境中重金属元素存在一定的耦合关系,可作为标型特征指示水体中重金属元素信息. 相似文献
3.
Estuarine recruitment of fishes is a potential bottleneck in the life cycle of many coastal species. We investigated patterns of size-at-ingress for larval and post-larval California halibut entering the Punta Banda Estuary (PBE), Mexico, using both otolith geochemistry and carbon stable isotope ratios (SIR). Juvenile halibut (n?=?126; 38–163 mm standard length [SL]) were collected from inside PBE and the adjacent exposed coast during the fall of 2003, and otoliths (geochemistry) and muscle tissues (SIR) were analyzed to reconstruct the environmental histories of individuals. Based on geochemical analyses, nearly all fish collected from PBE were characterized by a non-estuarine signature (e.g., low Mn and Ba) in the otolith growth bands deposited when fish were <30 mm SL. Although fish collected from the coast retained that signature throughout their lives, fish collected within PBE showed elevated concentrations of Mn and Ba in the otolith growth bands deposited once halibut were 30–70 mm SL, thereby recording ingress. Carbon SIR of juvenile halibut prey also differed between the estuary and coast. Muscle δ 13C values of halibut captured along the coast were consistent (ca.?15‰), while those captured in the estuary were variable and generally more enriched in 13C (?16‰ to ?11‰). Both natural tagging approaches agreed that most halibut (~75 %) enter PBE long after settlement (>?>?8–12 mm SL), although size-at-ingress estimates were significantly larger (mean difference = 27 mm; p?<?0.001) when derived via carbon SIR than with otolith geochemistry. Potential explanations for the differences in size-at-ingress estimates involve the magnitude of isotopic and trace element gradients at this ocean–estuary boundary, the temporal resolution of environmental tags stored within otoliths and soft tissues, and the size-at-capture or somatic growth rate of juvenile halibut. We conclude by discussing the relative merits of otolith geochemistry and SIR as natural tags, and by considering the implications of secondary dispersal into estuaries by post-larval fish. 相似文献
4.
Strong contrasts in ambient isotope ratios and in diet suggest stable isotopes in the otoliths of oceanic fish can resolve water masses and geographic areas, promising a powerful multivariate approach for examining population structure and provenance. To test this, whole otoliths were taken from Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) sampled off the Patagonian Shelf and South Georgia, on either side of a population boundary, and otolith δ18O and δ13C values were measured to see if they could distinguish South American-caught fish from those taken in the Antarctic. Values of otolith δ18O and δ13C predicted capture area with 100% success, validating their use for distinguishing provenance and corroborating the prior evidence of population isolation. Values of δ18O in the otoliths reflected ambient values as well as seawater temperature: low values in Patagonian Shelf fish were consistent with exposure to Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and high values in South Georgia fish were consistent with exposure to Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). In contrast, differences in otolith δ13C appeared to reflect diet: relative depletion of otolith δ13C at South Georgia compared to the Patagonian Shelf were most likely linked to differences in sources of metabolic carbon, as well as δ13C in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of seawater. These contrasting properties strongly suggest that stable isotopes can resolve the provenance of toothfish from Antarctic sampling areas that hitherto have been difficult to separate. These results show that, by using the chemistry recorded in otoliths, researchers can exploit biogeochemical variation in fully marine environments to examine the spatial ecology of oceanic fish. 相似文献
5.
泉州城市表层土壤中金属元素来源分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采集了泉州市47个城市表层土壤样,用ICP-MS检测技术,研究了土壤中26种重金属元素的富集特征、环境风险及污染来源。富集因子结果显示,与泉州市土壤背景值相比,Li、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb、Ta在城市表层土壤中的富集因子大于1,而Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ga、Ge、As、Rb、Y、Nb、Cs、Bi、Th、U的富集因子小于1。从功能区上看,工业区污染最为严重,其次依次为农业区、商住区、城市绿地、交通区。环境风险指数表明,泉州市城市表层土壤中重金属污染具有极高的环境风险,达到极高风险级别的样品占48.9%。采用多元统计分析方法对土壤样品中各金属元素来源进行解析,结果表明,研究区城市表层土壤中金属元素总体可分成5类：①交通运输类（Sn、Pb、Sb、Bi）;②工业因子类（Cr、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn）;③自然因子类别（Ga、Ge、Ti、V、Cu）;④混合因子类别（Zn、Cd、Sr、Th、U、Y、As、Cs、Nb、Ta、Rb）;⑤生活垃圾因子类别（Li）。 相似文献
6.
Graham E. Forrester 《Estuaries and Coasts》2005,28(6):974-981
Site-specific variation in the trace element composition of fish otoliths can be used to identify fish to source, but the
mechanisms controlling elemental composition are poorly understood. Environmental influences on the deposition of barium (Ba),
copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and strontium (Sr) in the otoliths of mudsuckers (Gillichthys mirabilis) were tested using a reciprocal field transplant experiment, in which fish from 3 estuaries were transplanted to each of
the 3 estuaries. Fish originating from the 3 estuaries showed no differences in otolith chemistry that might reflect acclimation
to past conditions in their home estuary or genetic differences among populations, which simplifies the interpretation of
otolith chemistry. Cu and Mn concentrations in otoliths differed according to the site of transplant. Cu in otoliths showed
the same pattern of difference among estuaries as did Cu in sediments, but there was no correspondence between Cu in otoliths
and dissolved Cu. Ranked differences among estuaries in otolith Mn matched the ranking of estuary-specific differences in
dissolved Mn, and there was no correspondence between the concentration of Mn in otoliths and sediments. Fish transplanted
to different estuaries showed no differences in otolith concentrations of Ba or Sr, and the concentrations of Ba and Sr in
the water column showed a similar lack of difference among estuaries. This study provides field evidence supporting the conclusion
that the elemental composition of otoliths reflects environmental conditions to which fish have been recently exposed, but
whether that correlation is with trace elements in the sediment or water column can vary. 相似文献
7.
8.
Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) larvae were hatched and reared in the laboratory from eggs collected near Beaufort, North Carolina. The first growth increment formed on otoliths on the fifth day after hatching when larvae were between 3.7 and 4.2 mm standard length. On the average, one otolith growth increment was formed per day thereafter in larvae up to 23 d posthatch. Age of wild larvae from the Newport River estuary in North Carolina was determined from otolith increment counts based on the assumption that increment deposition rates in nature are the same as in the laboratory. From their size and estimated age, it appears that the standard length (SL) of wild larvae in the estuary increases exponentially at about 4% d?1 during their first 1.6 months, increasing from 0.24 mm d?1 on day 12 to 1.11 mm d?1 on day 49. Bay anchovy spawned early in the season (e.g., April–May) could grow to maturity and reach a size (>40 mm SL) that would enable them to spawn during their first summer. 相似文献
9.
Canary rockfish are one of the commercially important rockfish species along the US Pacific coast. Yet little is known about their life history and stock structure. In this study 120 canary rockfish otoliths were collected from waters off the Washington and Oregon coast and subjected to stable O and C isotope (δ18O and δ13C) analyses. One powder sample was taken from the nucleus of each otolith, and the other from the 5th annual ring. Data from otolith nuclei can provide information on the natal sources and spawning stock separations, while data from age-1 to age-5 may indicate changes in fish habitat. Overall the δ18O values in otoliths of canary rockfish ranged from −0.2‰ to +1.7‰, whereas δ13C values of the same samples ranged from −5.4‰ to −1.4‰. The isotopic data and correlation of δ18O versus δ13C did not show clear separation between Washington and Oregon samples, similar to those for a previous study on yelloweye rockfish from the same region. These results suggest that canary rockfish may belong to a single spawning stock or population along the Washington and Oregon coast. 相似文献
10.
Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The knowledge of the variability, the anthropogenic versus natural origin and corresponding environmental risk for potentially harmful elements in urban topsoils is of importance to assess human impact. The aims of the present study were: (1) to assess the distribution of heavy metals (Sn, Li, Ga, Ba, Fe, Mn, Co, Be, Ti, Al, Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag) in urban environment; (2) to discriminate natural and anthropogenic contributions; and (3) to identify possible sources of pollution. Multivariate statistic approaches (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were adopted for data treatment, allowing the identification of three main factors controlling the heavy metal variability in Xuzhou urban topsoils. Results demonstrate that Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Br, Zn, Cu, S, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag could be inferred to be tracers of anthropogenic pollution, whereas Al, Ti, Ga, Li, V, Co, Pt, Mn and Be were interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials. Iron, Ba, Sn, Pd and Br were interpreted to be affected by mixed sources. 相似文献
11.
黑色页岩与土壤重金属污染 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文利用ICP—MS等技术分析了湘中地区黑色页岩及其相应土壤的重金属含量,在对分析结果进行统计分析的基础上,探讨了黑色页岩与土壤重金属污染的关系。研究表明,黑色页岩是富集多种重金属元素的特殊岩石。以黑色页岩岩系为母岩的土壤,不仅明显富集Cu、Cd、Cr、Co、Pb、Zn、Mo、Ni、V、U、Sn、Sb、T1、Th等多种重金属元素,而且受到Mo、Sb、Cd、U、Tl、Cu、V、Sn、Th等重金属的污染,其中以Mo、Cd、Sb、U、Tl等的污染尤为严重。黑色页岩土壤重金属污染在一些地方已产生明显的负面环境效应,值得关注。 相似文献
12.
The objective of this study was to determine what effect, if any, large pile-supported platforms (piers) have on the habitat distribution and abundance of juvenile fishes. Trapping techniques were used in 1993 and 1994 under piers, in pile fields, and in open-water habitat types in shallow areas (<5 m) in the lower Hudson River estuary (40°44′N, 70°01′W). Nearly 1500 fishes, mostly juveniles, representing 24 species were collected in 1865 trap-days from May through October in the 2-yr study. The presence of relatively large numbers of young-of-the-year (YOY) fish during both years lends support to the idea that shallow areas in the lower Hudson River estuary currently function as nursery habitats for a variety of fishes. Two seasonal assemblages were apparent, but their composition varied somewhat between years.Microgadus tomcod andPseudopleuronectes americanus YOY dominated an early summer assemblage (May–July) while large numbers of YOYMorone saxatilis were collected as part of a late summer assemblage (August–September). The effects of habitat type on fish assemblage structure were significant during both years. Fish abundance and species richness were typically low under piers; YOY fishes were rare andAnguilla rostrata accounted for a large proportion of the total catch. In contrast, YOY fishes dominated collections at pile field and open-water stations, where abundance and species richness were high. These results indicate that habitat quality under the platforms of large piers (>20,000 m2) is probably poor for YOY fishes when compared with nearby pile field and open-water habitat types. 相似文献
13.
The impact of mesozooplankton (>210 μm, mostly adult copepods and late-stage copepodites) and micrometazoa (64–210 μm, mostly copepod nauplii) on phytoplankton size structure and biomass in the lower Hudson River estuary was investigated using various14C-labeled algal species as tracers of grazing on natural phytoplankton. During spring and summer, zooplankton grazing pressure, defined as %=mg C ingested m?2 h?1/mg C produced m?2 h?1 (depth-integrated rates)×100, on total phytoplankton ranged between 0.04% and 1.9% for mesozooplankton and 0.1% and 6.6% for micrometazoa. The greatest grazing impact was measured in fall when 20.2% and 44.6%, respectively, of the total depth-integrated primary production from surface water phytoplankton was grazed. Mesozooplankton exhibited some size-selective grazing on phytoplankton, preferentially grazing the diatomThalassiosira pseudonana over the larger diatomDitylum brightwelli, but this was not found for micrometazoa. Neither zooplankton group grazed on the dinoflagellateAmphidinium sp. We conclude that metazoan zooplankton have a minimal role in controlling total phytoplankton biomass in the lower Hudson River estuary. Differences in the growth coefficients of various phytoplankton size-fractions—not grazing selectivity—may be the predominant factor explaining community size-structure. 相似文献
14.
David J. Velinsky Terry L. Wade Christian E. Schlekat Beth L. McGee B. J. Presley 《Estuaries and Coasts》1994,17(2):305-320
Thirty-three bottom sediments were collected from the Potomac and Anacostia rivers, Tidal Basin, and Washington Ship Channel in June 1991 to define the extent of trace metal contamination and to elucidate source areas of sediment contaminants. In addition, twenty-three sediment samples were collected directly in front of and within major storm and combined sewers that discharge directly to these areas. Trace metals (e.g., Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn) exhibited a wide range in values throughout the study area. Sediment concentrations of Pb ranged from 32.0 μg Pb g?1 to 3,630 μg Pb g?1, Cd from 0.24 μg Cd g?1 to 4.1 μg Cd g?1, and Hg from 0.13 μg Hg g?1 to 9.2 μg Hg g?1, with generally higher concentrations in either outfall or sewer sediments compared to river bottom-sediments. In the Anacostia River, concentration differences among sewer, outfall, and river sediments, along with downriver spatial trends in trace metals suggest that numerous storm and combined swers are major sources of trace metals. Similar results were observed in both the Tidal Basin and Washington Ship Channel. Cadminum and Pb concentrations are higher in specific sewers and outfalls, whereas the distribution of other metals suggests a more diffuse source to the rivers and basins of the area. Cadmium and Pb also exhibited the greatest enrichment throughout the study area, with peak values located in the Anacostia River, near the Washington Navy Yard. Enrichment factors decrease in the order: Cd>Pb>Zn>Hg>Cu>Cr. Between 70% and 96% of sediment-bound Pb and Cd was released from a N2-purged IN HCl leach. On average, ≤40% of total sedimentary Cu was liberated, possibly due to the partial attack of organic components of the sediment. Sediments of the tidal freshwater portion of the Potomac estuary reflect a moderate to highly components area with substantial enrichments of sedimentary Pb, Cd, and Zn. The sediment phase that contains these metals indicates the potential mobility of the sediment-bound metals if they are reworked during either storm events or dredging. 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(8):1473-1488
In recent years, there has been increasing concern regarding the chemical impact of agricultural activities on the environment so it is necessary to identify contaminants, and/or characterise the sources of contamination. In this study, a comprehensive chemical characterisation of 27 fertilisers of different types used in Spain has been conducted; major, minor and trace elements were determined, including rare earth elements. Results show that compound fertilisers used for fertigation or foliar application have low content of heavy metals, whereas fertilisers used for basal and top dressing have the highest content of both REE and other heavy metals. REE patterns of fertilisers have been determined in order for them to be used as tracers of fertilisers in future environmental studies. Furthermore in this work REE patterns of fertilisers are used as tracers of the source of phosphate in compound fertilisers, distinguishing between phosphorite and carbonatite derived fertilisers. Fertilisers from carbonatites have higher contents of REE, Sr, Ba and Th whereas fertilisers from phosphorites have higher contents of metals of environmental concern, such as Cd, U and As; and the sum of the heavy metals is higher. Some of the analysed fertilisers have Cd concentrations that exceed maximum values established in some countries and can be expected to produce long-term soil accumulation. Furthermore, other elements such as U, As and Cr are 10–50 times higher in concentration than those of Cd, but there is no legislation regarding them, therefore it is necessary to regulate fertiliser compositions in order to achieve environmental protection of soils and waters. 相似文献
16.
S. Chakraborty G. Owens 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(5):1259-1270
Algal species which are ubiquitous along the coastlines of many countries reflect the environmental conditions of the coastal seawater and may serve as useful biomonitors of anthropogenic pollution. Heavy metal concentrations of ten elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) of potential environmental concern were determined in seawater, sediments and twelve species of benthic marine macroalgae from four locations (Glenelg, Port Adelaide, Port Broughton and Port Pirie) along the South Australian coastline. The four sites chosen represented varying degrees of metal contamination, where the capacity for benthic macroalgae to accumulate heavy metals from the environment was evaluated. Spatial differences in heavy metal concentration in both seawaters and sediments were observed at all sites with the highest concentrations of heavy metals including Cd (125 μg g?1), Pb (2,425 μg g?1) and Zn (7,974 μg g?1) found in the finer sediment fractions (<250 μm) of Port Pirie. While all algal species studied (Acrosorium polyneurum, Anotrichium tenue, Cystophora Cephalornithos Cystophora monillifera, Cystophora monilliformis, Dictyopteris australis, Gelidium micropterum, Gracilaria, Hormophysa Cuneiformis, Sargassum cinctum, Scaberia agardhii and Ulva lactuca) accumulated metals to varying degrees, Blindigia marginata was a good biomonitor species for a number of metals including Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb and Zn, exhibiting both relatively high total metal concentrations and significant concentration factors. 相似文献
17.
胁迫时间和胁迫浓度对超积累植物印度芥菜细胞中镉分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
超积累植物对重金属的区隔化作用能有效降低细胞质内金属离子的浓度,是对重金属重要的解毒机制之一,而细胞内各组织的区隔化作用大小并未取得一致性结论。本文研究了胁迫浓度和胁迫时间对超积累植物印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)细胞及亚细胞中镉分布的影响。印度芥菜幼苗分别用0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0mg/L镉胁迫1、5、7、10、14天后收获,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定印度芥菜根系和叶片亚细胞中镉的含量。结果表明:镉在细胞壁中的比例占50%~64%,细胞液占22%~38%,细胞器占7%~17%,镉在细胞壁中所占比例显著高于细胞液和细胞器,证明细胞壁区隔化在镉的解毒机制中具有重要的作用。随着胁迫时间和胁迫浓度的增加,根系和叶片中亚细胞各组织中镉含量持续增加,超过7天,镉含量显著升高,说明镉对植物的危害是一个缓慢过程。印度芥菜对镉胁迫浓度的最大耐受量为1.0 mg/L,超过此浓度,植物细胞的破坏症状加重;细胞超微结构研究也表明,镉胁迫浓度超过1.0 mg/L后,细胞结构发生了不同程度的损坏,出现质壁分离、液泡增大甚至空泡化、质膜粗糙等现象,继而影响到细胞的正常功能。因此,在考察重金属对植物的危害时,要充分考虑时间和浓度梯度两个参数的协同作用。 相似文献
18.
The Tinto and Odiel rivers drain 100 km from the Rio Tinto sulphide mining district, and join at a 20-km long estuary entering the Atlantic Ocean. A reconnaissance study of heavy metal anomalies in channel sand and overbank mud of the river and estuary by semi-quantitative emission dc-arc spectrographic analysis shows the following upstream to downstream ranges in ppm (μg g?1): As 3,000 to <200, Cd 30 to <0.1, Cu 1,500 to 10, Pb 2,000 to <10, Sb 3000 to <150, and Zn 3,000 to <200. Organic-rich (1.3–2.6% total organic carbon, TOC), sandysilty overbank clay has been analyzed to represent suspended load materials. The high content of heavy metals in the overbank clay throughout the river and estuary systems indicates the importance of suspended sediment transport for dispersing heavy metals from natural erosion and anthropogenic mining activities of the sulfide deposit. The organic-poor (0.21–0.37% TOC) river bed sand has been analyzed to represent bedload transport of naturally-occurring sulfide minerals. The sand has high concentrations of metals upstream but these decrease an order of magnitude in the lower estuary. Although heavy metal contamination of estuary mouth beach sand has been diluted to background levels estuary mud exhibits increased contamination apparently related to finer grain size, higher organic carbon content, precipitation of river-borne dissolved solids, and input of anthropogenic heavy metals from industrial sources. The contaminated estuary mud disperses to the inner shelf mud belt and offshore suspended sediment, which exhibit metal anomalies from natural erosion and mining of upstream Rio Tinto sulphide lode sources (Pb, Cu, Zn) and industrial activities within the estuary (Fe, Cr, Ti). Because heavy metal contamination of Tinto-Odiel river sediment reaches or exceeds the highest levels encountered in other river sediments of Spain and Europe, a detailed analysis of metals in water and suspended sediment throughout the system, and epidemiological analysis of heavy metal effects in humans is appropriate. 相似文献
19.
Sources and history of heavy metal contamination and sediment deposition in Tivoli South Bay, Hudson River, New York 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gaboury Benoit Edward X. Wang William C. Nieder Michael Levandowsky Vincent T. Breslin 《Estuaries and Coasts》1999,22(2):167-178
Persistent inorganic constitutents preserved in sediments of aquatic ecosystems record temporal variability of biogeochemical
functioning and anthropogenic impacts.210Pb and137Cs dating techniques were used to study the past variations of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, and Zn) and accumulation rates of sediments
for Tivoli South Bay, in the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve ecosystem. South Bay, a tidal freshwater embayment
of the Hudson, may play an important role in the sediment dynamics of this important river. The measured sedimentation rate
range of 0.59 to 2.92 cm yr−1 suggests that rapid accumulation occurred during the time period represented by the length of the cores (approximately the
past 50 yr). Direct measurements of sediment exchange with the Hudson River reveal high variability in the sediment flux from
one tidal cycle to the next. Net exchange does not seem to be adequate to explain sediment accumulation rates in the bay as
measured by210Pb and137Cs. The difference may be supplied from upland streams or the Hudson River during storm events. Concentrations of the metals
Pb, Cu and Zn were found to be well correlated with each other within individual cores at five of six sites tested. This suggests
a common proximate source for the three metals at a specific site. The evidence is consistent with mixing in some environmental
compartment before delivery to the bay. While metals self-correlate within individual cores, absolute concentrations, depth
distribution patterns, and ratios of the metals to each other vary among the cores collected at different locations within
the bay. Organic matter, Fe content, and particle size distribution of sediments do not account for the intercore variations
in metal concentration. It is likely that cores collected from different sites may have derived metals from different sources,
such as watershed streams and tidal exchange with the Hudson River. 相似文献
20.
南方某工业区大气总悬浮颗粒物重金属来源解析及其对土壤环境质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
解析大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的重金属来源可为重金属生态风险评价和环境修复提供理论依据。本文研究了中国南方某工业城市冶炼厂周边冬季TSP和表层土壤(0~20 cm)中的重金属环境效应。采用大气主动采样技术收集TSP样品,原子荧光光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中重金属的含量,结合富集因子法和Pearson系数法分析重金属含量特征及其来源。结果表明,研究区TSP中Zn、Pb、Cd含量最高达到30809.06×10-6、9902.91×10-6、1011.21×10-6,分别是中国土壤背景值的201.43、222.53、5616.20倍,属于污染严重级别;Ni、Cr含量分别是中国土壤背景值的1.83倍和2.96倍。冶炼厂、火力发电厂和化工厂等人为源是Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As等重金属富集的主导因素;土壤重金属含量与TSP重金属含量呈显著正相关,可判定研究区土壤的重金属来源主要为大气沉降。 相似文献