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1.
X射线断层扫描技术在鲤鱼耳石对环境响应研究中的应用初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
作为生命矿物文石和球文石的载体,鱼耳石(fish otoliths)记载了鱼体生长过程中大量的环境信息。近30年来,其研究取得了很多成果,但利用医学技术的研究尚未见报道。文中尝试应用医学X射线断层扫描技术(CT)对取自河北白洋淀和北京密云水库的野生鲤鱼耳石进行分析研究。结果表明:白洋淀鲤鱼的星耳石和微耳石CT值均大于密云水库鲤鱼耳石相应的CT值,与白洋淀水体中的重金属元素含量明显高于密云水库水体中的重金属含量存在较好的相关性;同一水域星耳石与微耳石的CT值也存在明显差异,分析认为这种差异可能与元素的亲和性及占位方式有关。 相似文献
2.
不同水域鲤鱼耳石微化学特征及其环境指示意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用中子活化分析对密云水库与白洋淀水域两个不同水域（无污染水域和重污染水域）中鲤鱼耳石的微量元素进行分析，发现白洋淀鲤鱼耳石中Sr、Zn、As、Au、Ba、K、Na的含量明显比密云水库鲤鱼耳石的相应元素含量高。采用线性判别方法对两地耳石中Sr、Zn、As、Ba4种元素进行分析，表明存在明显的分组差异，而且两地的差别主要在于Sr含量不同，其次是Zn、As和Ba；白洋淀鲤鱼耳石中As、Ba、Sr、Na等元素含量变化幅度比密云水库鲤鱼耳石中相应元素含量的变化幅度大，与白洋淀水域废水排放时间上的周期性和短暂性导致元素在耳石部分日轮上沉淀等因素相吻合。两地鲤鱼耳石微量元素特征存在截然的区别，与两地水域水体中微量元素差异相一致，表明鲤鱼耳石微化学特征具有水化学环境指示意义，为进一步研究利用鲤鱼耳石进行水化学环境监测或恢复鲤鱼生长期水环境特征奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
鱼耳石微化学特征在湖库水质评价中的标型意义——以河北白洋淀和北京密云水库野生鲤鱼为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对河北白洋淀和北京密云水库的野生鲤鱼耳石和水体中的微量元素进行了定量分析。白洋淀鱼耳石中诸微量元素含量均高于密云水库的鱼耳石,反映了白洋淀各水体较密云水库水体的环境复杂,污染程度高。统计分析结果表明,在鱼耳石中大致存在两类生物地球化学习性不同的元素,水体中第一类元素的变化不会引起耳石中相应元素的响应,如Au、K和Na;第二类元素的变化会引起耳石中相应元素的强烈响应,如As、Ba、Co、Cr、Fe、Sr和Zn。诸微量元素在耳石中富集的强弱顺序为,Zn>Sr>Se>Fe>As>Ba>K>Co>Au>Na>Cr。通过相关性分析发现,白洋淀和密云水库的鱼耳石和水体中对应微量元素平均含量的自然对数值之间均存在良好的线性关系。 相似文献
4.
鱼耳石的主体由生命矿物文石组成，其研究在过去二三十年中已取得了不少成果，但是将热释光技术用于鱼耳石的研究未见报道。本文对生长在河北白洋淀和北京密云水库的野生鲤鱼耳石的热释光曲线特征进行了研究，分析了两水域野生鲤鱼耳石中陷阱深度（E）值的差别。热释光测试结果显示，白洋淀10颗鲤鱼耳石样品热释光曲线的峰点温度（T）、发光强度（J）、积分强度（S）和半高宽（w）的均值大于密云水库，而且前者热释光曲线各参数值和E值的稳定程度均不如后者。分析还表明白洋淀鱼耳石在不同温度下的电子和空穴的逃逸几率（α）均大于密云水库。据调查，白洋淀各水体较密云水库水体的环境复杂，污染程度高。研究结果表明，鱼耳石的热释光曲线特征对鱼所生长的水体水质和水环境相当敏感，通过更深入研究，可能成为水质和水环境的重要标型。 相似文献
5.
不同水域鲤鱼耳石CaCO3晶体结构特征与环境响应初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鱼耳石主要成分是CaCO3,主要以文石(或霰石)形式存在,在过去四、五十年来在晶体结构研究方面取得了较多的成果.然而,不同水域鲤鱼耳石CaCO3晶体结构信息特征与环境响应研究却未见报道.本文对密云水库和白洋淀水域鲤鱼耳石X-粉晶衍射结果进行了研究,并分析了两地晶胞参数a0、b0、c0和单位晶胞体积的差异.结果显示,两地耳石样品均由霰石组成,分属三种不同结构:两种六方晶系P63/mmc(no.194)结构和一种斜方晶系Pbnm(Pnma no.62)结构.属于六方晶系的耳石样品中,密云水库鲤鱼耳石样品晶胞参 相似文献
6.
长期地下煤炭开采在地表产生了大面积的塌陷塘,并造成了不同程度的水域污染。为研究塌陷塘重金属的分布特征及成因,选择了8种对环境影响较大的重金属元素（Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni）为研究对象,以淮南潘集一矿塌陷塘为研究区域,利用ArcGIS地统计模块中的协同克里格算法,通过水体实测光谱反射率作为协变量来估算水体中的重金属含量空间分布特征。结果表明:水体实测光谱与重金属含量有较好的关系,以水体光谱为协变量的协同克里格插值与单变量的普通克里格插值相比,8种重金属元素的预测值与实际值之间的均方根误差明显减少,证明水体实测光谱适合作为协变量来估计水体重金属的空间分布情况。综合分析发现,水体中的Cd,Pb,Cu,Ni主要来自水域西北部的煤矸石堆山,且Cd,Cu,Pb含量均超过了当地的背景值,对环境影响较大;Cr主要来自农业肥料、成土母质和周边道路旁的煤泥灰厂及煤矸石堆;Zn的来源主要是煤矸石、上游生活污水、农业肥料、土壤母质,由于其含量较低,对水环境质量的影响不大。 相似文献
7.
鱼耳石中锶和钡富集的影响因素及其环境响应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
鱼耳石中元素锶和钡主要来源于鱼类生存的水体,这两种元素通过腮或肠进入内耳淋巴液,继而以类质同象的方式沉淀在耳石晶格内部空位和晶格间隙中。耳石结晶沉淀的整个过程不仅受生物的调控作用,而且还受到外界环境,如水体元素浓度、盐度、温度等因素的影响,因此耳石中某种元素的浓度与其在水体中的浓度之比(元素富集系数)与鱼类所生存的环境之间具有一定的响应关系。在以上各种因素中,水体元素浓度对耳石元素富集系数的影响最为显著。一般来说,耳石中某种元素的含量与水体中相应的元素浓度呈正相关关系,而水体中元素之间就耳石中的富集过程也存在一定的相互促进或抑制作用,如Sr对Ba为协同作用,Ca对Sr、Zn为拮抗作用。另外,水体盐度或温度与元素富集系数之间不存在简单的线性相关关系,而是因鱼种、水体综合环境及元素种类不同而有所差异。研究结果表明:鱼种一定的情况下,耳石中元素富集系数与水体盐度和温度存在良好相关关系。基于以上相关性分析,可以认为耳石中元素富集系数与环境因子(水体元素浓度、盐度、温度)之间存在响应关系。因此,可以选用那些受环境影响大但对自身调控影响小的元素(如:Sr、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ba、Fe、Li、Ni、Cd)来建立耳石与水体环境之间元素富集系数的定量化模型,并利用这种响应关系及定量化模型进行生态环境监测和渔业管理。 相似文献
8.
土壤-农作物重金属富集规律是土壤和农作物重金属风险管控的关键问题。通过实地调查、现场采样、实验测试、综合分析等方法,重点研究了金矿活动影响区内的土壤Hg、Pb、Cr、As、Cu、Zn等重金属元素的全量、有效态含量特征,以及小麦不同部位与立地土壤中重金属含量之间的关系。结果表明:土壤Hg、Pb、Cu元素累积显著,Hg、Pb含量平均超标倍数为6.65、2.04倍;土壤中Hg(34.44%)、Pb(83.31%)、Cu(44.24%)、Zn(40.82%)的有效态含量占相应重金属全量的比例高,是危害农作物的主要元素;小麦籽中Hg、Pb、Zn元素平均超标率分别为26.33%、100%、26.32%;除Zn元素外,Hg、Pb、Cr、As、Cu含量全部符合籽粒茎杆根须土壤的规律;重金属含量的富集率平均值排序为Zn(30.54%)Cu(10.33%)Pb(0.45%)As(0.38%)Hg(0.14%)Cr(0.13%),Zn、Cu是小麦富集能力强的重金属元素。 相似文献
9.
10.
山东安丘地区土壤-小麦系统重金属等元素间的相互作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《现代地质》2020,(5)
为了研究土壤-小麦系统重金属等元素间的相互作用,通过相关分析,探讨了安丘地区40件小麦籽实及其根系土中重金属元素间的相互关系。研究发现:(1)小麦籽实Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Ni、Cu、Zn富集系数与土壤pH、CEC、黏粒含量呈负相关,Cr富集系数与pH呈正相关;(2)小麦籽实重金属等元素富集系数间多数呈正相关;(3)小麦籽实Pb、Cu含量分别与土壤As、Pb含量呈正相关,籽实Cu、Zn含量分别与土壤Cd、Pb含量呈正相关。籽实除Cr含量与土壤Mg含量呈显著正相关外,籽实中其他重金属元素含量与土壤元素Ca、Mg含量关系不显著。小麦籽实中Cd、Pb、As等重金属元素含量与土壤中Mn、Mo、F等微量元素含量少数呈显著-极显著正相关;(4)小麦籽实中Cd、Hg、Pb、As等重金属元素含量与籽实中Ca、Mg、Mn、Mo等其他元素含量之间多数呈显著正相关。这些研究结果表明,土壤-小麦系统重金属元素之间、重金属元素与其他元素之间存在协同或拮抗作用,但具体机制尚需要进一步研究。 相似文献
11.
Analysis of trace transition elements and heavy metals in fish otoliths as tracers of habitat use by American eels in the Hudson River estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Transition and heavy metals within the calcified otoliths of estuarine fishes may represent valuable tracers of environmental exposures, allowing inferences on natality, habitat use, and exposure to pollution. Accurate measurement of very low concentrations of these metals in otoliths by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is often precluded by the interferences of predominant calcium matrix. We coupled a solid phase extraction procedure to an ICP-MS instrument to overcome the matrix problems and improve the limits of detection. To test this novel application and the utility of otolith transition and heavy metals as tracers of habitat use, otoliths of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) captured from 6 locations (George Washington Bridge, Haverstraw, Newburgh, Kingston, Athens, and Albany) throughout the Hudson River estuary were analyzed for site specific differences expected due to varying environmental exposure. Several trace elements, including Al, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn, were selectively extracted from otolith solutions and preconcentrated on a microcolumn of chelating resin. The concentrations of all elements inA. rostrata otoliths were above the limits of detection that ranged from 0.2 ng g?1 for Co to 7 ng g?1 for Zn. Differences in the elemental composition of the otoliths among the groups were significant indicating different levels of exposure to environmental conditions. Discriminant analysis yielded an overall location classification rate of 78%. Al, Bi, Cd, Mn, Ni, and V contributed most to the discriminant function. Samples collected at George Washington Bridge showed 100% discrimination from other locations, and higher levels of many transition and heavy metals, consistent with higher exposure to these metals in the most polluted region of the Hudson River estuary. 相似文献
12.
Graham E. Forrester 《Estuaries and Coasts》2005,28(6):974-981
Site-specific variation in the trace element composition of fish otoliths can be used to identify fish to source, but the
mechanisms controlling elemental composition are poorly understood. Environmental influences on the deposition of barium (Ba),
copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and strontium (Sr) in the otoliths of mudsuckers (Gillichthys mirabilis) were tested using a reciprocal field transplant experiment, in which fish from 3 estuaries were transplanted to each of
the 3 estuaries. Fish originating from the 3 estuaries showed no differences in otolith chemistry that might reflect acclimation
to past conditions in their home estuary or genetic differences among populations, which simplifies the interpretation of
otolith chemistry. Cu and Mn concentrations in otoliths differed according to the site of transplant. Cu in otoliths showed
the same pattern of difference among estuaries as did Cu in sediments, but there was no correspondence between Cu in otoliths
and dissolved Cu. Ranked differences among estuaries in otolith Mn matched the ranking of estuary-specific differences in
dissolved Mn, and there was no correspondence between the concentration of Mn in otoliths and sediments. Fish transplanted
to different estuaries showed no differences in otolith concentrations of Ba or Sr, and the concentrations of Ba and Sr in
the water column showed a similar lack of difference among estuaries. This study provides field evidence supporting the conclusion
that the elemental composition of otoliths reflects environmental conditions to which fish have been recently exposed, but
whether that correlation is with trace elements in the sediment or water column can vary. 相似文献
13.
水和悬浮物是河流重金属元素迁移的主要载体.对嫩江中下游悬浮物及滤后水重金属元素分布特征进行了较系统的研究,结果表明：丰水期是嫩江流域内悬浮物迁移的主要季节,支流的汇入会影响嫩江干流悬浮物浓度,大安市生产生活对水体悬浮物浓度产生明显影响;齐齐哈尔市的生产生活对嫩江水体悬浮物重金属含量影响不大,而对水中Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn元素产生明显影响;雅鲁河是向嫩江输入重金属Cr、Ni最多的支流,年输入嫩江通量分别为1223、100．46 t;阿伦河是向嫩江输入重金属Cd、Cu、Pb最多的支流,年输入嫩江通量分别为0．08、10．93、9．96 t;嫩江向松花江年输入重金属As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni通量分别为113．7、0．32、0．79、438、164、152、440、224 t. 相似文献
14.
An assessment study of heavy metal distribution within soil in upper course of Zarqa River basin/Jordan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Levels of heavy metals are found in soils and waters of the major tributary valleys of the Jordan Valley. Heavy metal content
in soils irrigated by treated waste water were measured for a 40 km reach of Zarqa River. Soil samples from eight different
sites along the upper course of this river were analyzed to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals (CO, Cr,
Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn). Silt forms the major component of the soils with an average of 54%. Clay fractions show an increase with
depth from 17 to 41%. Trends in particle size distribution and metal contents were compared across sample sites. Samples contained
moderate to considerable levels of Pb and Ni. Concentrations of Cu and Cr ranged between 33–59 and 65–90 ppm, respectively.
These values represent a slight to moderate class of pollution. The concentration of Cr shows a decrease with depth and distance
from the waste water plant. Cu, Zn, and Ni show increasing concentrations with depth but Pb and CO do not. The concentrations
of the measured heavy metals increases near the waste water treatment plant but decreases with distance from the plant due
to precipitation in the stream bed and dilution with stream water. This decline in metal content with distance from the treatment
plant suggests that most metals reaching floodplain soils may derive from the same source. Although current metal concentrations
are low to moderate, floodplain surface soils in this area should be regarded as a potential source for future heavy metal
pollution downstream. 相似文献
15.
Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region,China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals of waters and sediments in the ten shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches
of the Yangtze River region were determined to identify their composition and spatial distribution, and to assess the extent
of their environmentally detrimental effects by comparison with water and sediment quality guidelines. Results indicated that
As and Pb were the main pollutants in lake waters and Mn and Hg the potential ones, while As, Cu and Pb were the main pollutants
in lake sediments. Their spatial distribution indicated that Daye Lake was seriously polluted by metals, which was corroborated
by cluster analysis. Higher concentrations of trace elements have been found in lakes downstream of the Yangtze River delta,
and higher concentrations of metals have been recorded in sediments of upstream lakes, suggesting that metals in water were
more sensitive to anthropogenic activities and that metals in sediment were mainly controlled by minerals. Correlation analyses
demonstrated that there were stronger associations among metals in lake sediments than those in lake waters, and their good
relationships suggested the common sources. Further research on the subject will help develop water quality management with
the aim of restoring shallow lakes in the Yangtze River. 相似文献