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1.
The damage of nonstructural components represents the largest contribution to the economic loss caused by an earthquake. Since nonstructural components are not amenable to traditional structural analysis, full-scale experimental testing is crucial to understand their behaviour under earthquake. For this reason, shaking table tests are performed to investigate the seismic behaviour of plasterboard partitions. A steel test frame is properly designed in order to simulate the seismic effects at a generic building storey. The tests are performed shaking the table simultaneously in both horizontal directions. To investigate a wide range of interstorey drift demand and seismic damage, the shakes are performed scaling the accelerograms at eleven different intensity levels. The tested plasterboard partitions from Siniat exhibit a good seismic behaviour, both in their own plane and out of plane, showing limited damage up to 1.1 % interstorey drift ratio. The correlation between the dynamic characteristics of the test setup and the recorded damage is evidenced. Finally, an interesting comparison between the experimental results and the analytical model is also performed.  相似文献   

2.
A 15-storey K-braced reinforced concrete model frame with irregular columns, i.e., T-shaped, L-shaped, as well as +-shaped columns, was constructed and tested on the six-degree-of-freedom shaking table at the State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering in Tongji, China. Two types of earthquake records, El-Centro wave (south-north direction) and Shanghai artificial wave (SHAW) with various peak accelerations and principal-secondary sequences, were input and experimentally studied. Based on the shaking table tests and theoretical analysis, several observations can be made. The failure sequence of the model structure is brace→beam→column→joints, so that the design philosophy for several lines of defense has been achieved. Earthquake waves with different spectrums not only influence the magnitude and distribution of the earthquake force and the storey shear force, but also obviously affect the magnitude of the displacement response. The aftershock seismic response of previously damaged reinforced concrete braced frames with irregular columns possesses the equivalent elastic performance characteristic. Generally speaking, from the aspects of failure features and drift ratio, this type of reinforced concrete structure provides adequate earthquake resistance and can be promoted for use in China.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, the effectiveness of different design solutions for tuned mass dampers (TMD) applied to high‐rise cross‐laminated (X‐Lam) timber buildings as a means to reduce the seismic accelerations was investigated. A seven‐storey full‐scale structure previously tested on shaking table was used as a reference. The optimal design parameters of the TMDs, i.e. damping and frequency ratios, were determined by using a genetic algorithm on a simplified model of the reference structure, composed by seven masses each representing one storey. The optimal solutions for the TMDs were then applied to a detailed finite element model of the seven‐storey building, where the timber panels were modelled with shell elements and the steel connectors with linear spring. By comparing the numerical results of the building with and without multiple TMDs, the improvement in seismic response was assessed. Dynamic time‐history analyses were carried out for a set of seven natural records, selected in accordance with Eurocode 8, on the simplified model, and for Kobe earthquake ground motion on the detailed model. Results in terms of acceleration reduction for different TMD configurations show that the behaviour of the seven‐storey timber building can be significantly improved, especially at the upper storeys. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

4.
复合隔震结构模型振动台试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
作者对一个二层复合隔震结构钢框架模型进行了振动台试验,该模型采用夹层橡胶支座与摩擦滑移支座并联组合作为隔震层,既能提供足够的弹性恢复力,又具有良好的结构耗能能力。试验测得结构各项动力响应,并将软件计算数据与试验数据进行了比较,结果表明复合隔震结构的加速度反应小,楼层层间位移也较小,上部结构基本为平动,结构耗能能力显著,而且软件可以很好地模拟结构的地震反应规律。  相似文献   

5.
Multi‐storey buildings made of cross‐laminated timber panels (X‐lam) are becoming a stronger and economically valid alternative in Europe compared with traditional masonry or concrete buildings. During the design process of these multi‐storey buildings, also their earthquake behaviour has to be addressed, especially in seismic‐prone areas such as Italy. However, limited knowledge on the seismic performance is available for this innovative massive timber product. On the basis of extensive testing series comprising monotonic and reversed cyclic tests on X‐lam panels, a pseudodynamic test on a one‐storey X‐lam specimen and 1D shaking table tests on a full‐scale three‐storey specimen, a full‐scale seven‐storey building was designed according to the European seismic standard Eurocode 8 and subjected to earthquake loading on a 3D shaking table. The building was designed with a preliminary action reduction factor of three that had been derived from the experimental results on the three‐storey building. The outcomes of this comprehensive research project called ‘SOFIE – Sistema Costruttivo Fiemme’ proved the suitability of multi‐storey X‐lam structures for earthquake‐prone regions. The buildings demonstrated self‐centring capabilities and high stiffness combined with sufficient ductility to avoid brittle failures. The tests provided useful information for the seismic design with force‐based methods as defined in Eurocode 8, that is, a preliminary experimentally based action reduction factor of three was confirmed. Valid, ductile joint assemblies were developed, and their importance for the energy dissipation in buildings with rigid X‐lam panels became evident. The seven‐storey building showed relatively high accelerations in the upper storeys, which could lead to secondary damage and which have to be addressed in future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
An efficient and simple non-linear active control method called Bounded-Force Control (BFC) method has been developed. The theoretical development and application examples of the BFC method has been presented in several publications where it was shown that the BFC is more efficient than the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method in terms of maximum control force and power requirements when applied to an Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) system. Following a brief review of the fundamental concept of the BFC and a discussion of its main advantages, the results of an experimental investigation using a three-storey shear building model excited by a shaking table and controlled by an electromagnetic linear motor are presented. The experimental results were in perfect agreement with the analytical results, thus confirming the validity of the proposed BFC algorithm.  相似文献   

7.
The response of autoclaved aerated concrete confined masonry buildings to seismic ground motion has been studied. Three 1:4 scale models of residential buildings with the same distribution of walls in plan but different types of floors and number of stories have been tested on a uni-directional shaking table. Lightweight prefabricated slabs have been installed in the case of the three-storey model M1, whereas reinforced concrete slabs have been constructed in the case of three-storey model M2 and four-storey model M3. Model M1 was subjected to seismic excitation along the axis of symmetry, whereas models M2 and M3 were tested orthogonal to it. Typical storey mechanism, characterised by diagonal shear failure mode of walls in the ground floor in the direction of excitation has been observed in all cases. Taking into consideration the observed behaviour, a numerical model with concentrated masses and storey hysteretic rules has been used to simulate the observed behaviour. Storey resistance curves calculated by a push-over method and hysteretic rules, which take into account damage and energy based stiffness degradation hysteretic rules, have been used to model the non-linear behaviour of the structure. Good agreement between the experimentally observed and calculated non-linear behaviour has been obtained.  相似文献   

8.
This work presents a unified procedure for determining the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and modal shapes of a structure from its ambient vibration, free vibration and earthquake response data. To evaluate the coefficient matrices of a state‐space model, the proposed procedure applies a subspace approach cooperating with an instrumental variable concept. The dynamic characteristics of a structure are determined from the coefficient matrices. The feasibility of the procedure is demonstrated through processing an in situ ambient vibration measurement of a five‐storey steel frame, an impulse response measurement of a three‐span continuous bridge, and simulated earthquake responses of five‐storey steel frames from shaking table tests. The excellent agreement of the results obtained herein with those published previously confirms the feasibility of the present procedure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
This work presents a novel procedure for identifying the dynamic characteristics of a building and diagnosing whether the building has been damaged by earthquakes, using a back‐propagation neural network approach. The dynamic characteristics are directly evaluated from the weighting matrices of the neural network trained by observed acceleration responses and input base excitations. Whether the building is damaged under a large earthquake is assessed by comparing the modal parameters and responses for this large earthquake with those for a small earthquake that has not caused this building any damage. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through processing the dynamic responses of a five‐storey steel frame, subjected to different strengths of the Kobe earthquake, in shaking table tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
This paper investigates the dynamic behavior and the seismic effectiveness of a non‐conventional Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) with large mass ratio. Compared with conventional TMD, the device mass is increased up to be comparable with the mass of the structure to be protected, aiming at a better control performance. In order to avoid the introduction of an excessive additional weight, masses already present on the structure are converted into tuned masses, retaining structural or architectural functions beyond the mere control function. A reduced order model is introduced for design purposes and the optimal design of a large mass ratio TMD for seismic applications is then formulated. The design method is specifically developed to implement High‐Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB) to connect the device mass to the main structure, taking advantage of combining stiffness and noticeable damping characteristics. Ground acceleration is modeled as a Gaussian random process with white noise power spectral density. A numerical searching technique is used to obtain the optimal design parameter, the frequency ratio alpha, which minimizes the root‐mean‐square displacement response of the main structure. The study finally comprises shaking table tests on a 1:5 scale model under a wide selection of accelerograms, both artificial and natural, to assess the seismic effectiveness of the proposed large mass ratio TMD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
A magnetorheological (MR) damper has been manufactured and tested and a non‐linear model is discussed. The parameters for the model are identified from an identification set of experimental data; these parameters are then used to reconstruct the force vs. displacement and the force vs. velocity hysteresis cycles of the MR damper for the hysteretic model. Then experiments are conducted on a three‐storey frame model using impact excitation, which identifies dynamic parameters of the model equipped with and without the MR damper. Natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes, as well as structural properties, such as the mass, stiffness and damping matrices, are obtained. A semi‐active control method such as a variable structure controller is studied. Based on the ‘reaching law’ method, a feedback controller is presented. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the control system and the effect of earthquake ground motions, both numerical analysis and shaking table tests of the model, with and without the MR damper, have been carried out under three different ground motions: El Centro 1940, Taft 1952, and Ninghe 1976 (Tangshan Earthquake in Chinese). It is found from both the numerical analysis and the shaking table tests that the maximum accelerations and relative displacements for all floors are significantly reduced with the MR damper. A reasonable agreement between the results obtained from the numerical analysis and those from the shaking table tests is also observed. On the other hand, tests conducted at different earthquake excitations and various excitation levels demonstrate the ability of the MR damper to surpass the performance of a comparable passive system in a variety of situations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
The dynamic behaviour of a four-storeyed masonry building model subjected to simulated earthquake loading has been investigated. The observations of damage propagation during shaking tests indicated the storey mechanism action of model building. Since the predominant effect of the first natural mode of vibrations has been also observed, the idea of simple mathematical modelling has been followed in the calculations. Two simple analytical models have been compared when evaluating the dynamic response of the model building: a four degrees of freedom shear system and an equivalent single degree of freedom system. Three hysteresis rules have been taken into account for modelling the non-linear behaviour of the model. Satisfactory correlation between the measured and calculated response has been obtained in most cases.  相似文献   

13.
A series of shaking table tests on a 1:12‐scale model using scaled TaftN21E earthquake records were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of a 17‐storey high‐rise reinforced concrete structure with a high degree of torsional eccentricity and soft‐storey irregularities in the bottom two storeys. Based on the analysis of test results, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the model responded mainly in the coupled mode of translation and torsion or in the torsional mode. Under severe table shaking, the flexible side underwent large inelastic deformation, and the predominant mode of the model changed from the coupled mode to the torsional mode, resulting in greatly increased torsional stiffness, thereby limiting damage in the flexible frame; (2) the shear force and deformation of the flexible side were governed by the torsional behaviour, whereas those of the stiff side were affected mainly by the overturning deformation. The lateral stiffness of the shear wall in the torsional mode was about four times that in the coupled mode because the warping deformation due to torsion counteracted the flexural deformation due to overturning moment in the torsional mode; and (3) the reversed cyclic overturning moments predicted by linear elastic dynamic analysis in the direction transverse to the table excitations contradicted unilateral overturning moments of the serviceability‐level test results, which showed a bias towards tension or compression in the columns. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
A moderate size earthquake of magnitude 5 occurred at Whagae‐Myun, Hadong‐Gun, Kyongsangnam‐Do, Korea on 4 July 1936. It caused severe damage to the buildings and other structures in Sang‐Gye‐Sa, a famous and beautiful Buddhist temple. A five‐storey stone pagoda was standing in front of Keumdang, the main building. The top component of the pagoda was tipped over and fell down to the ground during the earthquake. In order to have a quantitative estimate of the intensity of the earthquake, a full‐scale model was constructed through a rigorous verification process. The completed model was mounted on a shaking table and subjected to two kinds of dynamic test: exploratory test and fragility test. The exploratory test was performed with low intensity shaking. In the fragility test, the failure modes of the model were investigated while increasing the shaking intensity. The construction details of the model are described and test procedures are reported. Important relations between failure modes and characteristics of ground motion were obtained from the tests. The intensity of the 1936 earthquake was estimated from the examination of test results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
本文采用振动台子结构试验数值仿真验证了圆柱形调谐液体阻尼器(CTLD)控制建筑结构地震响应的性能。振动台子结构试验将结构模型作为数值子结构在计算机中计算,将CTLD作为试验子结构进行物理试验。在CTLD和振动台之间安装剪切力检测装置,将测得的剪切力和地震波输入到数值子结构中,采用实时子结构中心差分法进行数值子结构运动方程的求解,计算得到了结构顶层的绝对加速度。再将加速度由振动台实时加载到试验子结构上,实现了结构和CTLD的相互作用。对一个单自由度结构有CTLD控制和无CTLD控制时的加速度响应进行了精确数值求解,结果验证了CTLD能够有效地控制结构在地震作用下的加速度响应。用振动台子结构试验对CTLD与结构耦合系统进行仿真,得到的加速度响应与精确数值求解的结果吻合较好,验证了这种方法能够准确地评估CTLD的减振性能。  相似文献   

16.
A seismic shaking‐table test performed on a one‐storey steel frame with an 8 ton RC floor slab was reproduced on a similar specimen by means of the pseudo‐dynamic (PsD) method. A satisfactory agreement of the results could only be achieved after recalibration of the theoretical mass in the PsD equation and proper inclusion in the PsD test input of the horizontal and pitching accelerations measured on the table. In the shaking‐table test, the spurious pitching motion produced a significant increase in the apparent damping that could be estimated as a function of the pitching dynamic flexibility of the system. Dynamic and PsD snap‐back tests were also performed to provide an additional check of the reliability of the PsD method. The spurious pitching motion of the shaking table should always be measured during the tests and reported as a mean to increase the reliability and usefulness of the results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
The basic aspects of testing small-scale masonry building models on simple earthquake simulators are discussed. Since the scale effects represent a difficult problem to solve, the overall seismic behaviour of structural systems, and not the behaviour of structulal details, has been studied by testing the reduced-sized models on a simple earthquake simulator. Accurate results regarding the dynamic behaviour and failure mechanism of the tested structures have been obtained by means of testing the relatively simple, adequately designed small-scale masonry building models. A simple earthquake simulator capable of simulating the uni-directional earthquake ground motion has been developed to study the seismic behaviour of masonry building models. Although a multipurpose programmable actuator was used to drive the shaking table, the comparison of the dynamic characteristics of the generated shaking-table motion and the earthquake acceleration records used for the simulation of seismic loads showed an acceptable degree of correlation between the input and output seismic motion.  相似文献   

18.
In this study, several mass dampers were designed and fabricated to suppress the seismic responses of a ¼‐scale three‐storey building structure. The dynamic properties of the dampers and structure were identified from free and forced vibration tests. The building structure with or without the dampers was, respectively, tested on a shake table under the white noise excitation, the scaled 1940 El Centro earthquake and the scaled 1952 Taft earthquake. The dampers were placed on the building floors using the sequential procedure developed by the authors in previous studies. Experimental results indicated that the multiple damper system is substantially superior to a single tuned mass damper in mitigating the floor accelerations even though the multiple dampers are sub‐optimal in terms of tuning frequency, damping and placement. These results validated the sequential procedure for placement of the multiple dampers. The structure was also analysed numerically based on the shake table excitation and the identified structure and damper parameters for all test cases. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement, validating the dynamic properties identified. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
利用地震振动台对大跨预应力混凝土井式梁空间框架结构的抗震性能进行了实验研究。两个模型的实验结果表明：(1)大跨预应力井式梁空间框架结构可以提供大的楼层平面内刚度；(2)对称大跨预应力井式梁空间框架结构，可以不考虑耦合地震反应；(3)大跨预应力井式梁空间框架结构的竖向地震反应中心大而周边小；(4)在相同加速度但不同的地震波作用下，结构的竖向地震反应不同。  相似文献   

20.
本项研究通过模型结构的振动台模拟地震试验和计算分析，对采用无腹杆钢筋混凝土拱型屋架的单层砖墙柱厂房的抗震性能作出评价，春成果在实际工程中得到应用，并被新修订的《建筑抗震鉴定标准》所采纳。在本项试验研究中特别注意输入地震动的频谱特性与模型结构动力特性的关系，以使试验结果有效。  相似文献   

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