共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
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With the aim to link tidal and subtidal water level changes to human interventions, 70 years of water level data for the Rhine–Meuse tidal river network is analysed using a variety of statistical methods. Using a novel parameterization of probability density functions, mean high and low water levels are examined, and extreme water levels are investigated by applying the combined Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests to find trends and trend changes. Tidal water levels are studied based on harmonic analysis. Results show that the mean water levels throughout the system rise with the same pace as the mean sea level. However, high- and low water levels do not show the same increase, and the spatial variability in decadal trends in high- and low water levels is high. High water and low water extremes generally decrease. Both the extreme water level analysis and the harmonic analysis display significant trend breaks in 1970, 1981 and 1997. These breaks can be attributed to the closure of the Haringvliet estuary, the removal of sluices and the removal of a dam, respectively, which radically alter the tidal motion. These results demonstrate that the direct human influence on the tidal motion can overwhelm the effect of mean sea level rise on water level extremes. 相似文献
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Sea surface temperature(SST) measurements from 26 coastal hydrological stations of China during 1960–2015 were homogenized and analyzed in this study. The homogenous surface air temperature(SAT) series from meteorological stations which were highly correlated to SST series was used to construct the reference series.Monthly mean SST series were then derived and subjected to a statistical homogeneity test, called penalized maximal t test. Homogenized monthly mean SST series were obtained by adjusting all significant change points which were supported by historic metadata information. Results show that the majority of break points are caused by instrument change and station relocation, which accounts for about 61.3% and 24.2% of the total break points,respectively. The regionally averaged annual homogeneous SST series from the 26 stations shows a warming trend(0.19°C per decade). This result is consistent with that based on the homogenized annual mean SAT at the same region(0.22°C per decade), while the regionally averaged mean original SST series from the same stations shows a much weaker warming of 0.09°C per decade for 1960–2015. This finding suggests that the effects of artificial change points on the result of trend analysis are remarkable, and the warming rate from original SST observations since 1960 may be underestimated. Thus a high quality homogenized observation is crucial for robust detection and assessment of regional climate change. Furthermore, the trends of the seasonal mean homogenized SST were also analyzed. This work confirmed that there was an asymmetric seasonal temperature trends in the Chinese coastal water in the past decades, with the largest warming rate occurring in winter. At last,the significant warming in winter and its relationships to the variability of three large-scale atmospheric modes were investigated. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):195-203
Principal components analysis was used to examine monthly data on sea level obtained from tide-gauge records from the west coast of southern Africa over the period 1957—1975. After a simple correction had removed the effect of local atmospheric pressure, this statistical analysis revealed the structure of nearshore ocean variability over time periods of months to years. The first principal component, accounting for over 55 per cent of the variability in monthly mean sea level, was a near uniform rise and fall everywhere along the west coast of southern Africa. The spectrum of this large-scale structure showed a strong interannual trend, which correlated well with long-term trends of temperature anomaly over the entire South-East Atlantic, and a high-frequency term, which could not be resolved at a time period of one month. The second principal component showed the contrasting response of the northern and southern sites on a seasonal scale, and it could be correlated with seasonal wind data. These results compared well with similar analysis carried out in the North Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
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Turner RE Rabalais NN Swenson EM Kasprzak M Romaire T 《Marine environmental research》2005,59(1):65-77
An 18-year monitoring record (1978-1995) of dissolved oxygen within a region having hypoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 2 mgl(-1)) in the bottom layer was examined to describe seasonal and annual trends. The monitoring location was near or within a well-described summer hypoxic zone whose size has been up to 20,000 km(2). The monitoring data were used to hindcast the size of the hypoxic zone for before consistent shelfwide surveys started, and to predict it for 1989, when a complete shelfwide survey was not made. The concentration of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in surface waters and concentration of bottom water oxygen were directly related, as anticipated if organic loading from surface to bottom was from in situ processes. The TKN data were used to develop a predictive relationship that suggested there was no substantial hypoxia before the 1970s, which was before nitrate flux from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico began to rise. The peak frequency in monthly hypoxic events is two to three months after both the spring maximum in discharge and nitrate loading of the Mississippi River. These results support the conclusion that persistent, large-sized summer hypoxia is a recently-developed phenomenon that began in the 1970s or early 1980s. 相似文献
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Three data sets of suspensate concentrations, collected under different sampling plans, were analyzed to develop a minimal sampling period, consistent with a predetermined precision. Individual samples collected during any part of a given day were within ±50% of the daily average. In the main channel of the estuary, a monthly sampling scheme closely approximated a weekly pattern; however, seasonal sampling was unsatisfactory. Outside the main channel, weekly, monthly, and seasonal sampling patterns did not differ greatly. Variability in suspensate concentrations must be considered when calculating sediment flux in estuarine and coastal waters. 相似文献
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厦门潮间带沉积物磷、铁和硫的时空分布及磷释放风险研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了解潮间带沉积物中铁和硫的氧化还原过程以及上覆水缺氧等对磷再活化和释放的影响,选择厦门翔安海岸带,应用原位、高分辨采样技术,对沉积物、孔隙水以及上覆水进行为期1 a的连续采样和监测。结果表明:上覆海水缺氧和磷含量超标较为严重,二者在多数月份分别低于2 mg/L和高于0.06 mg/L;在垂向剖面上,孔隙水中溶解活性磷含量同溶解铁含量变化规律一致,而薄膜扩散梯度技术有效态磷和有效态硫含量在局部硫高值区分布一致,表明磷的钝化和再活化主要受控于铁,局部受控于硫的氧化还原过程;在季度变化上,孔隙水中溶解活性磷同上覆水中溶解活性磷含量比较一致,归因于缺氧的沉积环境有利于溶解活性磷的跨界面交换,而多种环境因素的叠加,影响着溶解活性磷和膜扩散梯度技术有效态磷的时空变化;表层孔隙水中磷含量梯度不显著,即磷的释放风险不大,但环境因素的变化极易触发内源磷的释放。 相似文献
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We performed a time-series analysis of environmental variables and biological parameters to understand temporal variations in the macrobenthic community in the Chokchon macrotidal flats, Incheon, Korea. Bimonthly sampling of macrobenthos and sediments was conducted from May 1989 through November 2001. A decomposition method composed of seasonality, trends and cyclical variation was employed in this study. We focused on trends of the selected variables and assumed that those with positive or negative trends caused changes in biological parameters. Most variables showed strong seasonality (≥ 95% of the total variance). Significant positive trends (p < 0.0001) were observed in sea water temperature and sediment ignition loss. Macrobenthic biomass and species number also showed significant positive trends (p < 0.0001). Biomass indicated that the study area underwent eutrophication since the mid 1990s. A notable increase in species number occurred throughout the study period. The flattened temperature trend after 1994 and intensified eutrophication after the mid 1990s indicated that the species increase in the former period was in response to increasing temperature, while that in the latter period was caused by eutrophication. Although our study suggested an increasing trend in diversity, it is important to check for unexpected changes and establish monitoring programs to provide early warnings, especially in lower latitudes. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):407-421
This article investigates spatio-temporal trends for different return periods of extreme significant wave height (SWH) in the Gulf of Guinea (GG), northeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, based on a 37-year (1980–2016) wave hindcast. High-resolution reanalysis windfield datasets were used to force the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III. The wave hindcast information was validated using data gathered from the US National Data Buoy Center. The model performance was adequate. In a spatial analysis, the trends were less than 0.3 m decade?1 in all parts of the GG, and were increasingly positive westwards, extending to the far western part of the GG; trends below 0.01 m decade?1 dominated in the eastern part and some areas of the northern part of the gulf. Temporal analysis showed that the trends were negative in all cases. Spatio-temporal trends in the return periods for the 99th-percentile wave height were generally weak. Also, trends in the yearly, seasonal and monthly means of extreme SWH all generally increased from east to west in the GG. Furthermore, temporal trend analysis showed that extreme SWH exhibited an increasing trend of 0.0041 m y–1 throughout the 37-year period; by season, it exhibited a declining trend of ?0.0005 m y–1 in winter, and an increasing trend of 0.0048 m y?1 in summer. The observed increasing positive trend of extreme SWH westward in the GG, however, suggests an increasing storminess towards the western part of the gulf, with potential implications for coastal flooding and erosion, and consequences for coastal structures. 相似文献
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Measurements of chemical contaminants in caged (transplanted) and resident mussel populations have become a routine tool for monitoring and assessing the status and trends of coastal water quality. However, few long-term data sets are available to assess the comparability and efficacy of these two monitoring approaches. Three long-term independent data sets exist for Boston Harbor: the National Mussel Watch program has analyzed resident blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Boston Harbor/Massachusetts Bay region for over twenty years, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority has annually deployed caged (transplanted) mussels (M. edulis) to assess bioaccumulation potential of sewage effluent discharged under its NPDES permit for over fourteen years, and the GulfWatch program has analyzed resident blue mussel populations for over twelve years. Together, these data provide consistent and comparable information on temporal and spatial changes in chemical contamination in Boston Harbor as steps were taken to reduce contaminant loading. The data also demonstrate the complementary nature of resident and caged (transplanted) mussels for assessing contaminant trends even when the basic approaches and sampling frequency differ. These fifteen-year data sets demonstrate contaminant concentrations in mussels from Boston Harbor are similar and with few exceptions have significantly decreased since the early 1990s. The observed trends also demonstrate broad scale improvements to the quality of Boston Harbor and expand understanding of the response of coastal systems to interventions that reduce the load of chemicals to the ocean. 相似文献
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针对执行水质监测任务过程中固定浮标监测站单点监测存在局限性、船载观测人员取样耗时耗力等问题,本文设计了一种搭载多点、分层自动采水取样装置的智能无人船水质监测系统,可实现目标水域的多点、分层连续水质数据测量及取样。该智能无人船具备基于快速随机树(Rapid Random Tree)算法的自主避障和快速路径规划功能,解决了现有无人船技术存在的多障碍自主路径规划难等问题。同时,本设计结合了ARM9控制芯片、M5310无线传输模块,通过可视化的显示界面和远程WEB访问的功能,大大提升了科研人员及时处理特殊情况便捷性。通过实验测试及比对分析,证明本设计具有智能高效、稳定可靠等优点,能够满足职能部门对于水质监测工作的需要。 相似文献
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青山水库轮虫群落结构特征的时空差异对水质变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究青山水库轮虫群落结构特征的时空差异对水质变化的影响,对其进行了四个季度的采样调查。结果共发现轮虫物种30种,分属于9个科,其中优势种为长肢多肢轮虫和针簇多肢轮虫,后者是一种污染指示种,表明水质处于中度污染状态。轮虫平均密度为171 ind./L,平均生物量为0.0158 mg/L。通过对水库理化因子与轮虫群落生物指数进行相关性分析,初步确定水温和溶解氧是青山水库轮虫群落演替的主要影响因子。根据轮虫群落结构聚类分析表明,青山水库分为四大区域。另外,主成分分析结果表明水质的下降可能与营养盐的的增加有关,特别是氮的输入。综合理化指标、营养状态指数、轮虫多样性指数以及优势种指示种等多种评价方法,结果表明2012—2013年青山水库水质属于中度—重度污染之间,营养程度为中度富营养状态,青山水库水环境污染严重。依据理化指标和轮虫群落结构特征来评价水质状况,得到的结果基本一致,因此轮虫可以作为青山水库一个较为理想的检测指标。 相似文献
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《Coastal Engineering》2005,52(1):63-77
A methodology for the prediction of low end and high end extremes in sustained water level is established. The observational data base is a long-duration sequence of monthly high and low extremes. The data identifies a deterministic trend attributable to Mean Sea Level rise and the nominal 19-year forcing in the astronomical tide. The data is pre-conditioned to remove these trends, defining a net data series suitable for extreme value analysis. Context-specific issues in the extreme value analysis are identified and resolved. These include probability model compatibility with elevation datums, rational estimation of the distribution parameters, and the estimation of confidence limits. The predictions for extreme low and high water levels are both real time and return period dependent. 相似文献
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River water quality, particularly in lowland catchments, is a matter of concern to the New Zealand public. We assessed river water quality and biological state and trends using data from more than 900 monitoring sites. Parallel state and trend analyses were carried out using all sites and a subset of lowland river sites. Median water-quality state in urban and pastoral land-cover classes was poorer than in exotic forest and natural land-cover classes, and lowland sites in the urban and pastoral classes had the poorest water quality. Nutrient and Escherichia coli concentrations increased and visual clarity and Macroinvertebrate Community Index scores decreased as proportions of catchments in high-intensity agricultural and urban land cover increased. Ten-year trends (2004–2013) indicated recent improvements in ammoniacal nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus in the pastoral and urban classes, possibly reflecting improved land management. In contrast, trends in nitrate-nitrogen in the exotic forest and cool-dry/pastoral classes indicated worsening conditions. 相似文献
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Dynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR) models are applied here to the investigation of the interannual changes in the trend and seasonality of biogeochemical variables monitored in coastal areas. A DHR model can be regarded as a time-series component model, where the phases and amplitudes of the seasonal component, as well as the trend, are parameters that vary with time, reflecting relevant changes in the evolution of the biogeochemical variables. The model parameters and their confidence bounds are estimated by data assimilation algorithms, i.e. the Kalman filter and the Fixed Interval smoother. The DHR model structure is here identified by a preliminary spectral analysis and a subsequent minimization of the Bayesian Information Criterion, thus avoiding subjective choices of the frequencies in the seasonal component. The methodology was applied to the investigation of the long-term and interannual variability of ammonia, nitrate, orthophosphate and chlorophyll-a monitored monthly in the lagoon of Venice (Italy) during the years 1986–2008. It was found that the long-term evolutions of the biogeochemical variables were characterized by non-linear patterns and by statistically significant changes in the trend. The seasonal cycles of all the variables were characterized by a marked interannual variability. In particular, the changes in the seasonality of chlorophyll and nitrate were significantly related to the changes in the seasonality of water temperature at the study site and of nutrient concentrations in river discharges, respectively. These results indicate that the methodology could be a sound alternative to more traditional approaches for investigating the impacts of changes in environmental and anthropogenic forcings on the evolution of biogeochemical variables in coastal areas. 相似文献
16.
近4年来象山港赤潮监控区水质状况综合评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2002-2005年丰水期象山港赤潮监控区水质监测基础资料,以DO、COD、DIN和DIP作为基本化学指标参数,分析了近4年来整个赤潮监控区水质的有机污染和富营养化状况。并从各监测站位、监测层次分析了赤潮监控区水质的变化趋势,同时对水质污染与陆源排污、养殖业自身排污以及港内水动力条件进行了相关分析。综合分析结果表明:近4年来,象山港赤潮监控区水质的N、P污染比较严重,水质有机污染一直处于严重污染水平。整个港湾水质一直处于严重的富营养化状态,表层富营养化程度略大于底层,DIN是富营养化的主要贡献因子。整个象山港赤潮监控区水质机污染和富营养化程度均存在港顶最高,越往港湾的出口处污染越轻的趋势。4年来监控区水质污染主要与陆源排污、养殖业自身排污以及港内水动力交换能力较弱有关。 相似文献
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利用插值试验分析采样网格对粒度趋势分析的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用地理信息系统软件ArcView3．2的空间分析功能,采用三次样条插值方法,对采自山东半岛月湖的表层沉积物的粒度参数进行插值。应用“粒度趋势分析”方法,选取一系列的特征距离值进行试验,从原始数据和插值后数据中提取净输运方向的信息。结果显示,原始的不规则采样点所得粒度趋势对于特征距离的选择很敏感,而插值后的规则格网在不同的特征距离下均表现出比较统一的粒度趋势信息。研究表明,规则格网较不规则格网采样点有许多优势,应用插值方法可有效地提高原始数据的信息含量及其质量。 相似文献
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在人类活动和气候变化的双重压力下,当前我国各类生态灾害多发、典型生态系统普遍退化、海洋生物资源持续衰退,海洋生态安全形势不容乐观,海洋生态监测工作面临迫切需求。现有的传统监测技术和手段频率低、数据量小、趋势分析难,难以满足当前生态监测的需求。海洋生态在线监测技术具有实时性、连续性的特点,可以实现全时段、全天候、不间断地获取海洋环境监测数据,及时准确掌握环境质量的变化,具有传统监测手段无法比拟的优势。本文从综合性在线观监测系统、监测平台手段、在线监测传感器/分析仪器不同层次,深入分析了国内外生态在线监测技术发展现状,探讨了我国在海洋生态监测领域存在的问题,并提出了相应的发展建议,推进我国生态监测业务化工作的开展。 相似文献
19.
The impact of climate change on sea level has received a great deal of attention by scientists worldwide. In this context, the problem of sea levels on global and regional scales have been analyzed in a number of studies based on tide gauges observations and satellite altimetry measurements. This study focuses on trend estimates from 18 high-quality tide gauge stations along the Mediterranean Sea coast. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test was run at a 5% significance level for each of the 18 stations for the period of 1993-2015 (satellite altimetry era). The results of this test indicate that the trends for 17 stations were statistically significant and showed an increase (no significant trend was observed only at one station). The rates of sea level change for the 17 stations that exhibit significant trends, estimated using seasonal Sen's approach, range after correction for Vertical Land Motion (VLM) from 1.48 to 8.72 mm/a for the period 1993-2015. Furthermore, the magnitude of change at the location of each tide gauge station was estimated using the satellite altimetry measurements. Thus, the results obtained agree with those from the tide-gauge data analysis. 相似文献
20.
针对多波束测量声速剖面采样间隔合理选取问题,首先介绍了常声速分层声线跟踪法与常梯度分层声线跟踪法基本原理及实现方式,其次基于两种声线跟踪方法分析了声速剖面采样间隔对多波束测深的影响规律,并利用三次样条插值法对声速剖面进行了层化处理以获取不同采样间隔声剖数据,最后结合限差要求,对采样间隔进行了优化选取,实验结果表明,常声速分层声线跟踪法较常梯度分层声线跟踪法对声剖采样间隔更为敏感,在给定限差范围内合理确定采样间隔,既能保证测量的精度又能提高算法运行效率,分析结果对多波束测深数据采集质量的实时监控和实时声线跟踪具有一定指导作用。 相似文献