共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
利用2016年1月1日—2018年12月31日ECMWF细网格模式2 m温度预报产品，使用三次多项式差值方法内插到站点，并用中短期天气预报检验方法，对南疆西部12个国家站与15个区域自动站共27个站的最高、最低气温未来24 h预报效果进行检验分析。结果表明：ECMWF细网格模式2 m温度预报产品对南疆西部非山区站未来24 h最高、最低气温的预报能力较好，对山区站未来24 h预报效果差；对南疆西部最高、最低气温的预报效果随季节变化，夏季预报准确率高于冬季，秋季预报准确率最低；模式最高气温预报准确率在降雪、高温天气时较高，最低气温预报准确率在降雨时较高，在高温过程中较低；模式对于降雨、降雪、大风/沙尘等天气最高气温预报偏低，高温事件中最高气温预报偏高。最低气温预报在降雨、高温天气中偏高，降雪时偏低，大风/沙尘天气最低气温预报偏东地区偏高、偏北地区偏低。降雪、高温天气预报相对降雨、大风/沙尘天气预报效果更稳定。 相似文献
2.
3.
辽宁地区ECMWF模式气温预报检验及误差订正研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2016—2018年ECMWF细网格模式12—36 h内2 m温度预报产品,选取辽宁地区65个城镇站点观测资料,评估预报产品在不同季节的预报准确率,并按季节分析固定误差订正方法和最优滑动周期订正方法对提高准确率的作用。结果表明：ECMWF模式预报产品对辽宁地区气温预报的准确率表现为,ECMWF模式最高气温冬季预报最优(城镇站点预报准确率为81.5%),最低气温夏季预报最好(城镇站点预报准确率为84.3%);采用最优滑动周期订正后,2016—2018年辽宁地区的最高气温和最低气温准确率较ECMWF模式自身分别提高了19.7%和20.5%,最低气温的预报准确率提高程度优于最高气温;在整个空间分布中,ECMWF模式对辽宁中部平原地区最高(低)气温预报准确率高于东、西部地区,辽宁东北部和西南部以及东南部的长白山余脉影响区域准确率明显低于其他区域。同时,在各季中,最高气温和夏季最低气温的订正预报能力优于其他季节;在地面晴、雨两种特征下,对辽宁地区24 h气温预报进行订正检验表明,该检验结果对辽宁地区最高(低)气温订正有一定补充作用,尤其是冬季降水出现时,最高气温预报补充订正效果最为显著。 相似文献
4.
针对宁波市326个站点,对空间分辨率为0.125°×0.125°的ECMWF细网格气温模式产品中2019年1月-2021年6月08时和20时2个不同起报场0~72h时效的预报产品进行时空检验和误差分析。结果表明:(1)08时和20时2个不同起报场72h内每天14时的均方根误差和平均绝对值误差最大,20时和08时次之,02时最小;(2)5类土地利用类型中林地的预报气温与地面站点气温的误差最大,水体次之,另3类相差不大;(3)误差空间分布不均匀,沿海地区误差相对较小,西部山区、海曙、奉化等个别站点误差较大;(4)DEM和距海距离与均方根误差和平均绝对误差的相关系数基本为正。 相似文献
5.
《贵州气象》2019,(6)
利用2018年1—10月华南3 km区域高分辨率模式08时、20时起报的气温预报和实况资料,采用线性内插法进行站点预报值处理,并从平均均方根误差及预报准确率的角度,检验分析了贵州省72 h预报内逐24 h最高(低)气温预报质量。结果表明,72 h内随着预报时效的增加,预报准确率差异较小;日最低气温预报准确率相对最高气温平均高出20%左右;08时起报的最高(低)气温预报优于20时的。同时发现,最高(低)气温的预报能力在月份上存在明显差异,6—8月预报性能总体优于其它月份;在24～48 h预报中,东北—西南向一带较贵州其它区域展现出更高的预报能力。在9个主要城市站上,最高(低)气温均表现出较高的预报技巧,其中,20时起报的兴义站24 h最低气温准确率100%。通过对2018年7月18日气温预报质量检验,最高(低)气温及35.0℃以上高温事件预报准确率均在80%左右,较好反映了天气实况。因此,华南3 km高分辨率区域模式对贵州气温预报具有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
6.
为检验不同数值模式产品对山东不同站点2m日最高、最低气温24h预报效果,利用2014年6—8月逐3h的WRF-RUC、EnWRF确定性预报、不同集合百分位数、T639、中国气象局下发的T639-MOS解释应用产品以及EC细网格预报进行TS评分、误差等分析。结果表明：EC细网格对内陆最高气温预报准确率最高,EnWRF确定性预报次之,EC细网格和T639-MOS对内陆最低气温预报准确率最高。T639和EC细网格分别对沿海最高和最低气温预报准确率最高。对各模式单站气温预报进行最优模式分析发现,对于最高气温预报最优的模式为EC细网格和EnWRF确定性预报,分别集中在鲁西南和鲁北、鲁中和鲁东南。对于最低气温预报最优的模式为EC细网格和T639-MOS,T639-MOS主要对鲁中山区预报较好,其他地区两个模式预报效果基本相当。 相似文献
7.
使用2017年9月至2021年3月国家级业务化运行的智能网格实况分析产品和欧洲中期天气预报中心全球模式(EC)产品,根据湖北省的地理分布特征构建6个分区,采用基于LightGBM机器学习算法建立的气温预报方法,生成湖北省0.05°×0.05°格点气温预报产品。利用2021年4—9月的预报产品和格点实况资料进行检验,结果表明:基于机器学习的气温预报方法(MLT)取得了较好的预报效果,其在0～72 h时效内优于中央气象台下发的气温精细化指导预报(SCMOC)和EC产品;MLT在山区的误差较平原大,但山区的订正幅度大于平原,日最高气温的订正幅度大于日最低气温的订正幅度;4—9月MLT、SCMOC、EC产品的平均绝对误差(MAE)日变化都呈现了白天偏高、夜间偏低、午后凸起的单峰特征,MLT的MAE值较SCMOC和EC产品的更低,并且在转折性天气中仍具有优势;站点检验与格点检验结论一致,基于格点建模的气温预报产品对站点预报同样得到了订正。机器学习在格点气温的模式订正方面可以作为一个行之有效的手段。 相似文献
8.
利用2018年1—10月华南3 km区域高分辨率模式08时、20时起报的气温预报和实况资料,采用线性内插法进行站点预报值处理,并从平均均方根误差及预报准确率的角度,检验分析了贵州省72 h预报内逐24 h最高(低)气温预报质量。结果表明,72 h内随着预报时效的增加,预报准确率差异较小;日最低气温预报准确率相对最高气温平均高出20%左右;08时起报的最高(低)气温预报优于20时的。同时发现,最高(低)气温的预报能力在月份上存在明显差异,6—8月预报性能总体优于其它月份;在24~48 h预报中,东北—西南向一带较贵州其它区域展现出更高的预报能力。在9个主要城市站上,最高(低)气温均表现出较高的预报技巧,其中,20时起报的兴义站24 h最低气温准确率100%。通过对2018年7月18日气温预报质量检验,最高(低)气温及35.0℃以上高温事件预报准确率均在80%左右,较好反映了天气实况。因此,华南3 km高分辨率区域模式对贵州气温预报具有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
9.
利用2013—2015年ECMWF(简称EC)细网格模式2m气温预报产品,分析了不同季节和不同天气形势下EC细网格模式产品对青岛地区7个基准站逐日最高气温和最低气温的预报性能。结果表明:EC细网格模式2m气温预报误差沿海站点大于内陆站点,且误差随着预报时效的延长逐渐增大。最高气温预报除胶州站外均为负误差,最低气温预报青岛、平度、莱西为正误差,崂山、黄岛、胶州和即墨为负误差。最高气温预报在3—4月和8—9月预报质量不稳定,最低气温预报夏半年好于冬半年。根据模式误差特点,给出7站气温主观订正参考值,订正后最高气温预报准确率提高3%~16%,最低气温预报准确率提高4%~18%。EC细网格模式对于暴雨、强对流、高温晴热、回暖天气、冷空气过程最高气温预报偏低,海雾影响时最高温度预报偏高;对冬季大雾情形下的最低气温预报偏低,辐射降温时最低气温预报沿海站点偏低,北部内陆站点偏高。 相似文献
10.
论文利用2009年1-2月T213模式产品、30年来的常规观测报文以及场区逐时气温记录,综合运用环流分型和Kalman滤波方法,基于逐月环流型的气温增率建立了场区72h逐时气温释用预报模型,并针对场区2009年3-7月各天72h逐时气温进行了具体的预报。结果表明:Kalman滤波算法能够得到较为精确的温度最值预报,通过环流分型得到的逐时气温预报准确率能够达到73.2%,可以作为逐时气温预报一种较好的方法。 相似文献
11.
The few systematic international comparisons of climate policy strength made so far have serious weaknesses, particularly those that assign arbitrary weightings to different policy instrument types in order to calculate an aggregate score for policy strength. This article avoids these problems by ranking the six biggest emitters by far – China, the US, the EU, India, Russia, and Japan – on a set of six key policy instruments that are individually potent and together representative of climate policy as a whole: carbon taxes, emissions trading, feed-in tariffs, renewable energy quotas, fossil fuel power plant bans, and vehicle emissions standards. The results cast strong doubt on any idea that there is a clear hierarchy on climate policy with Europe at the top: the EU does lead on a number of policies but so does Japan. China, the US, and India each lead on one area. Russia is inactive on all fronts. At the same time climate policy everywhere remains weak compared to what it could be.
Policy relevance
This study enables climate policy strength, defined as the extent to which the statutory provisions of climate policies are likely to restrict GHG emissions if implemented as intended, to be assessed and compared more realistically across space and time. As such its availability for the six biggest emitters, which together account for over 70% of global CO2 emissions, should facilitate international negotiations (1) by giving participants a better idea of where major emitters stand relative to each other as far as climate policy stringency is concerned, and (2) by identifying areas of weakness that need action. 相似文献
12.
Anthony H. McDaniel Chris A. Cantrell James A. Davidson Richard E. Shetter Jack G. Calvert 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1991,12(3):211-227
The infrared absorption cross-sections for eight commonly used halogenated methanes and ethanes have been measured as a function of temperature from 203 to 293 K. High resolution spectra (0.03 cm-1) have been used to derive integrated band strengths and peak cross-sections associated with the spectral features in the infrared region from 600 to 1500 cm-2. The values obtained in this study are compared to those from previous reports, and recommendations are made for uses in atmospheric sensing and radiative energy transfer models. The observed temperature dependence in the spectral features is also discussed. 相似文献
13.
Wind-driven, double-gyre, ocean circulation in a reduced-gravity, 2.5-layer, lattice boltzmann model
A coupled lattice Boltzmann （LB） model with second-order accuracy is applied to the reduced-gravity, shallow water, 2.5-layer model for wind-driven double-gyre ocean circulation. By introducing the secondorder integral approximation for the collision operator, the model becomes fully explicit. The Coriolis force and other external forces are included in the model with second-order accuracy, which is consistent with the discretization accuracy of the LB equation. The feature of the multiple equilibria solutions is found in the numerical experiments under different Reynolds numbers based on this LB scheme. With the Reynolds number increasing from 3000 to 4000, the solution of this model is destabilized from the anti-symmetric double-gyre solution to the subtropic gyre solution and then to the subpolar gyre solution. The transitions between these equilibria states are also found in some parameter ranges. The time-dependent variability of the circulation based on this LB simulation is also discussed for varying viscosity regimes. The flow of this model exhibits oscillations with different timescales varying from subannual to interannual. The corresponding statistical oscillation modes are obtained by spectral analysis. By analyzing the spatiotemporal structures of these modes, it is found that the subannual oscillation with a 9-month period originates from the barotropic Rossby basin mode, and the interarmual oscillations with periods ranging from 1.5 years to 4.6 years originate from the recirculation gyre modes, which include the barotropic and the baroclinic recirculation gyre modes. 相似文献
14.
利用气象业务中使用的L波段探空数据和毫米波云雷达观测资料,分析探空相对湿度在入云和出云时的变化规律,提出一种基于探空相对湿度阈值与梯度相结合的云区边界识别改进算法,并利用云雷达观测数据对算法识别结果进行验证.利用北京市南郊观象台2019年1—6月层状云样本验证分析,结果表明:改进算法相比相对湿度阈值法,对云区边界识别更... 相似文献
15.
利用常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对承德市2017年5月5—6日大风天气的环流形势和物理量进行分析,结果表明气旋的快速发展(气旋加深率0.84 B)导致锋生加强,引发气压和变压梯度加大是导致大风的直接原因。500 hPa高压脊东移迫使冷空气向南堆积,高空槽不断发展成为冷涡,温度平流为地面气旋的发展提供热力条件,高低层涡度平流的差异,也是地面气旋快速发展的重要原因;当1.5 PVU位涡面伸展至对流层低层时,局地位涡异常在气旋的发展过程中不可忽视;高空急流出口区发生质量调整,出口区左侧的辐散强度达10×10~(-5) s~(-1),使低层大气减压,有利于气旋发展。 相似文献
16.
Linking vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience science to practice: Pathways, players, and partnerships 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Coleen Vogel Susanne C. Moser Roger E. Kasperson Geoffrey D. Dabelko 《Global Environmental Change》2007,17(3-4):349-364
Vulnerability, adaptation and resilience are concepts that are finding increasing currency in several fields of research as well as in various policy and practitioner communities engaged in global environmental change science, climate change, sustainability science, disaster risk-reduction and famine interventions. As scientists and practitioners increasingly work together in this arena a number of questions are emerging: What is credible, salient and legitimate knowledge, how is this knowledge generated and how is it used in decision making? Drawing on important science in this field, and including a case study from southern Africa, we suggest an alternative mode of interaction to the usual one-way interaction between science and practice often used. In this alternative approach, different experts, risk-bearers, and local communities are involved and knowledge and practice is contested, co-produced and reflected upon. Despite some successes in the use and negotiation of such knowledge for ‘real’ world issues, a number of problems persist that require further investigation including the difficulties of developing consensus on the methodologies used by a range of stakeholders usually across a wide region (as the case study of southern Africa shows, particularly in determining and identifying vulnerable groups, sectors, and systems); slow delivery of products that could enhance resilience to change that reflects not only a lack of data, and need for scientific credibility, but also the time-consuming process of coming to a negotiated understanding in science–practice interactions and, finally, the need to clarify the role of ‘external’ agencies, stakeholders, and scientists at the outset of the dialogue process and subsequent interactions. Such factors, we argue, all hinder the use of vulnerability and resilience ‘knowledge’ that is being generated and will require much more detailed investigation by both producers and users of such knowledge. 相似文献
17.
Stephen F. Wathen 《Climatic change》2011,108(1-2):333-356
This paper provides both a detailed history of environmental change in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years and evidence for climate teleconnections between the Sierra Nevada and Greenland during the late Holocene. A review of Greenland ice core data suggests that the magnitudes of abrupt changes in temperature and precipitation increased beginning c. 3,700 and 3,000 years ago, respectively. Precipitation increased abruptly 1,300 years ago. Comparing paleotemperature data from Cirque Peak, CA with paleoprecipitation data from Pyramid Lake, NV suggests that hot temperatures occurred at the beginnings of most severe droughts in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years. Severe fires and erosion also occurred at Coburn Lake, CA at the beginning of all severe droughts in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years. This suggests that abrupt climate change during the late Holocene caused vegetation and mountain slopes in some areas to be out of equilibrium with abruptly changed climates. Finally, the ending of drought conditions in Greenland coincided with the beginning of drought conditions in the Sierra Nevada over the past 1,800 years, perhaps as a result of the rapidly changed locations of the Earth??s major precipitation belts during abrupt climate change events. 相似文献
18.
利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,通过对发生在江苏的三次不同量级的区域性暴雪、大雪和中雪过程典型个例进行对比分析,发现降雪时,700hPa低空急流的位置和强度是影响降雪量级的主要因素之一;降雪区上空涡度的垂直分布遵循低层负涡度、中层正涡度和高层负涡度的配置,暴雪时正涡度强且正涡度区最为深厚,动力抬升作用强,中雪发生时正涡度区相对最为浅薄,不利于形成强辐合抬升,动力抬升作用弱。且暴雪和大雪发生时基本上整层都为垂直螺旋度正值区,中雪时没有出现明显的正值区;暴雪和大雪过程时中低层都具有明显的逆温层,中高层西南急流造成的对流层中层的爆发性增温是逆温层形成的关键,中雪发生时不一定有逆温层结;降雪强度与湿位涡分量绝对值存在一定的正相关关系。 相似文献
19.
B. Kochtubajda 《Atmospheric Research》1995,35(2-4)
Physical experiments designed to explore the potential of rain augmentation through airborne glaciogenic seeding on small, isolated non-precipitating cumuliform clouds near Red Deer, Alberta were carried out during the period 1982–1985. The microstructure of 90 cumulus congestus clouds have been documented through repeated in-situ sampling using a cloud physics instrumented aircraft platform. Observations from the inspection passes of 57 clouds seeded with either dry ice pellets or silver iodide pyrotechnics, and all the passes of 33 natural clouds are presented.Measurements of the cloud droplet concentration indicate that Alberta cumulus clouds are typically continental in nature, with an average droplet concentration of 535 cm−3 and an average droplet diameter of 10.6 μm. Alberta clouds have average liquid water contents of 0.57 g m−3, with a peak 1-sec value of 3.17 g m−3. The 1-km average liquid water contents are 0.83 g m−3, with a peak value of 2.81 g m−3. Cloud lifetimes vary between 11 and 20 minutes. Concentrations of naturally occurring ice crystals are found to be low. The average maximum 1-km ice concentration was 31−1, and the peak 1-km concentration was 73.11−1 in the natural cloud dataset. Evidence of precipitation-sized particles was detected in 21% (7 of 33) of the clouds, and precipitation below cloud base was detected in 6% (2 of 33) of the clouds.A comparison of the Alberta cloud characteristics to the cumulus clouds from different locations showed that there are some distinct differences between Alberta clouds and the clouds from the other regions. 相似文献
20.
Governance,complexity, and resilience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andreas Duit Victor Galaz Katarina Eckerberg Jonas Ebbesson 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(3):363-368
This special issue brings together prominent scholars to explore novel multilevel governance challenges posed by the behavior of dynamic and complex social-ecological systems. Here we expand and investigate the emerging notion of “resilience” as a perspective for understanding how societies can cope with, and develop from, disturbances and change. As the contributions to the special issue illustrate, resilience thinking in its current form contains substantial normative and conceptual difficulties for the analysis of social systems. However, a resilience approach to governance issues also shows a great deal of promise as it enables a more refined understanding of the dynamics of rapid, interlinked and multiscale change. This potential should not be underestimated as institutions and decision-makers try to deal with converging trends of global interconnectedness and increasing pressure on social-ecological systems. 相似文献