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1.
The chemical composition and Rb–Sr ages of mica, feldspar, and whole rock samples from the emerald mineralisation of Capoeirana and Belmont, from emerald-barren pegmatites and of the Borrachudos granitic gneiss, Monlevade banded and granitic gneisses from the area of Nova Era–Itabira–Ferros (Minas Gerais, Brazil) as well as from the Guanhães gneiss (Minas Gerais, Brazil) have been determined. The Borrachudos granitic and Monlevade banded gneiss with connected pegmatitic schlieren and pegmatite veins, as well as the Guanhães gneiss, got their actual textures and mineralogical composition at about 1.9 Ga in the context of the Transamazonic tectonothermal event.The Monlevade banded gneiss belongs to a volcano-metasedimentary greenstone belt sequence, which is the typical country rock of the emerald occurrences. The main emerald-forming event at Belmont and Capoeirana was a metasomatic reaction of Be-rich anatectic pegmatites with Cr-rich ultrabasic rocks during the Transamazonic event. At Capoeirana, K–feldspar-bearing Be-rich pegmatites were transformed during the emerald-forming process into plagioclase–quartz rocks. Rb–Sr ages on biotite of about 480 Ma from the emerald mineralisation result from the rejuvenation of Transamazonic biotite by the Brasiliano event.The widespread macroscopically unmetamorphosed pegmatites of the study area formed in the Brasiliano event at 477±14 Ma. These pegmatites resulted to be emerald-barren although the differentiation degree, as given by diagrams such as Cs vs. K/Rb for muscovite and K–feldspar, starts from ceramic and ends with Be pegmatites. Some pegmatites display a marked internal differentiation.

Abstract

Foram determinadas as composições químicas e as idades Rb–Sr de mica branca, feldspato potássico e de rochas totais das mineralizações de esmeraldas de Capoeirana e Belmont, de pegmatitos sem esmeraldas e dos gnaisses Borrachudos, Monlevade e Guanhães da região de Nova Era–Itabira–Ferros (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Os gnaisses graníticos Borrachudos, os gnaisses bandados Monlevade, seus respectivos pegmatitos e veios/schlieren pegmatóides, e os gnaisses Guanhães, adquiriram suas texturas e composições mineralógicas atuais há cerca de 1.9 Ga no contexto do evento Transamazônico.As rochas regionais encaixantes típicas das ocorrências de esmeraldas são os gnaisses Monlevade que pertencem a uma sequência metavulcano-sedimentar de tipo greenstone belt. O evento principal de formação de esmeraldas em Belmont e Capoeirana foi uma reação metassomática dos pegmatitos anatéticos ricos em Be com rochas ultrabásicas ricas em Cr durante o evento Transamazônico em torno de 1.9 Ga. Em Capoeirana nesse contexto os pegmatitos com feldspato potássico ricos em Be foram transformados em rochas de plagioclasio–quartzo. As idades Rb–Sr de cerca de 480 Ma de minerais das mineralizações de esmeralda resultaram da reequilibração de biotitas e feldspatos Transamazônicos durante o evento Brasiliano.Os pegmatitos não-metamórficos e sem esmeralda da região estudada foram formados no evento Brasiliano há 477±14 Ma. O grau de diferenciação dos pegmatitos, estudado em diagramas indicadores específicos como por exemplo Cs vs. K/Rb de micas brancas e feldspatos potássicos, varia desde pegmatitos cerámicos até muscovita-pegmatitos, à pegmatitos de metais raros e até berilíferos. Alguns dos pegmatitos apresentam marcante diferenciação interna.  相似文献   

2.
Foram determinadas as composições químicas e as idades Rb–Sr de mica branca, feldspato potássico e de rochas totais das mineralizações de esmeraldas de Capoeirana e Belmont, de pegmatitos sem esmeraldas e dos gnaisses Borrachudos, Monlevade e Guanhães da região de Nova Era–Itabira–Ferros (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Os gnaisses graníticos Borrachudos, os gnaisses bandados Monlevade, seus respectivos pegmatitos e veios/schlieren pegmatóides, e os gnaisses Guanhães, adquiriram suas texturas e composições mineralógicas atuais há cerca de 1.9 Ga no contexto do evento Transamazônico.As rochas regionais encaixantes típicas das ocorrências de esmeraldas são os gnaisses Monlevade que pertencem a uma sequência metavulcano-sedimentar de tipo greenstone belt. O evento principal de formação de esmeraldas em Belmont e Capoeirana foi uma reação metassomática dos pegmatitos anatéticos ricos em Be com rochas ultrabásicas ricas em Cr durante o evento Transamazônico em torno de 1.9 Ga. Em Capoeirana nesse contexto os pegmatitos com feldspato potássico ricos em Be foram transformados em rochas de plagioclasio–quartzo. As idades Rb–Sr de cerca de 480 Ma de minerais das mineralizações de esmeralda resultaram da reequilibração de biotitas e feldspatos Transamazônicos durante o evento Brasiliano.Os pegmatitos não-metamórficos e sem esmeralda da região estudada foram formados no evento Brasiliano há 477±14 Ma. O grau de diferenciação dos pegmatitos, estudado em diagramas indicadores específicos como por exemplo Cs vs. K/Rb de micas brancas e feldspatos potássicos, varia desde pegmatitos cerámicos até muscovita-pegmatitos, à pegmatitos de metais raros e até berilíferos. Alguns dos pegmatitos apresentam marcante diferenciação interna.
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doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.02.006    
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Seleniferous minerals of palladium and platinum from ouro preto-bearing mineralisation in Brazil
Alexandre Raphael Cabrala, b, , and Bernd Lehmanna
aInstitut für Mineralogie und Mineralische Rohstoffe, Technische Universität Clausthal, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2A, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, GermanybDepartment of Geology: Exploration Geology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa  相似文献   

3.
The 3.4–3.5 Ga São José do Campestre massif, NE Brazil: remnants of the oldest crust in South America     
E. L. Dantas  W. R. Van Schmus  P. C. Hackspacher  A. H. Fetter  B. B. de Brito Neves  U. Cordani  A. P. Nutman  I. S. Williams 《Precambrian Research》2004,130(1-4):113-137
  相似文献   

4.
Geochemistry constraints of Mesozoic–Cenozoic calc-alkaline magmatism in the South Shetland arc, Antarctica   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A. Machado  E.F. Lima  F. Chemale  Jr.  D. Morata  O. Oteiza  D.P.M. Almeida  A.M.G. Figueiredo  F.M. Alexandre  J.L. Urrutia 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):407-425
Geochemical data from basalts, basaltic andesites, and andesites of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic (143–44 Ma) from Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, King George, and Ardley Islands of the South Shetland archipelago, Antarctica, are presented. The rocks have variable SiO2 of approximately 46–61 wt%, Al2O3 of 15–26 wt%, and total alkali (K2O+Na2O) of 2–6 wt%. Most samples have low Mg#, Cr, and Ni, which indicates that they have undergone significant fractional crystallization from mantle-derived melts. The presence of olivine cumulatic in the samples from Livingston and Robert Islands explains some high MgO, Ni, and Cr values, whereas low Rb, Zr, and Nb values could be related to undifferentiated magmas. N-MORB-normalized trace element patterns show that South Shetland Islands volcanic rocks have a geochemical pattern similar to that found for other island arcs, with enrichment in LILE relative to HFSE and in LREE relative to HREE. The geochemistry pattern and presence of calcic plagioclase, orthopyroxene, Mg-olivine, and titanomagnetite phenocrysts suggest a source related to the subduction process. The geochemical data also suggest magma evolution from the tholeiitic to the calc-alkaline series; some samples show a transitional pattern. Samples from the South Shetland archipelago show moderate LREE/HREE ratios relative to N-MORB and OIB, depletion in Nb relative to Yb, and high Th/Yb ratios. These patterns probably reflect magma derived from a lithospheric mantle source previously modified by fluids and sediments from a subduction zone.

Resumo

Dados geoquímicos de basaltos, andesitos basálticos e andesitos mesozóicos–cenozóicos (143–44 Ma) das ilhas Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, King George e Ardley do Arquipélago Shetland do Sul, Antártica são discutidas neste artigo. As rochas tem conteúdos de SiO2 variando de 46 a 61%, Al2O3 de 15 a 26% e álcalis (K2O+Na2O) de 2 a 6%. A maior parte das amostras tem conteúdos baixos de Mg#, Cr e Ni, indicando que sofreram significante cristalização fracionada de fusões derivadas do manto. A presença de fases cumuláticas nas amostras das ilhas Livingston e Robert explicaria os elevados valores de MgO, Ni, Cr, enquanto que baixos valores de Rb, Zr e Nb observados nas amostras destas ilhas poderiam estar relacionados a magmas não diferenciados. Os padrões de elementos-traço normalizados pelo N-MORB mostram que as rochas vulcânicas das Ilhas Shetland do Sul têm padrão geoquímico similar àqueles encontrados em outros arcos de ilhas com enriquecimento em LILE em relação aos HFSE e em ETRL em relação aos ETRP. O padrão geoquímico e a ocorrência de fenocristais de plagioclásio cálcico, ortopiroxênio, olivina magnesiana e titanomagnetita sugerem origem relacionada a processos de subducção. Dados geoquímicos obtidos para as amostras do arquipélago Shetland do Sul sugerem um magma evoluindo de toleítico para cálcico-alcalino, observando-se em algumas amostras um padrão transicional. As amostras do arquipélago Shetland do Sul mostram em relação ao N-MORB e OIB, moderadas razões ETRL/ETRP, empobrecimento em Nb relativo a Yb e elevada razão Th/Yb Estes padrões refletem, provavelmente, magma derivado de uma fonte mantélica litosférica, que foi modificada por fluídos e sedimentos da zona de subducção.  相似文献   

5.
K–Ar and Ar/Ar ages of dikes emplaced in the onshore basement of the Santos Basin, Resende area, SE Brazil: implications for the south Atlantic opening and Tertiary reactivation     
Eliane Guedes  Monica Heilbron  Paulo M. Vasconcelos  Cludio de Morisson Valeriano  Júlio Csar Horta de Almeida  Wilson Teixeira  Antonio Thomaz Filho 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):371-382
New K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar data of tholeiitic and alkaline dike swarms from the onshore basement of the Santos Basin (SE Brazil) reveal Mesozoic and Tertiary magmatic pulses. The tholeiitic rocks (basalt, dolerite, and microgabbro) display high TiO2 contents (average 3.65 wt%) and comprise two magmatic groups. The NW-oriented samples of Group A have (La/Yb)N ratios between 15 and 32.3 and range in age from 192.9±2.2 to 160.9±1.9 Ma. The NNW-NNE Group B samples, with (La/Yb)N ratios between 7 and 16, range from 148.3±3 to 133.9±0.5 Ma. The alkaline rocks (syenite, trachyte, phonolite, alkaline basalts, and lamprophyre) display intermediate–K contents and comprise dikes, plugs, and stocks. Ages of approximately 82 Ma were obtained for the lamprophyre dikes, 70 Ma for the syenite plutons, and 64–59 Ma for felsic dikes. Because Jurassic–Early Cretaceous basic dikes have not been reported in SE Brazil, we might speculate that, during the emplacement of Group A dikes, extensional stresses were active in the region before the opening of the south Atlantic Ocean and coeval with the Karoo magmatism described in South Africa. Group B dikes yield ages compatible with those obtained for Serra Geral and Ponta Grossa magmatism in the Paraná Basin and are directly related to the breakup of western Gondwana. Alkaline magmatism is associated with several tectonic episodes that postdate the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and related to the upwelling of the Trindade plume and the generation of Tertiary basins southeast of Brazil. In the studied region, alkaline magmatism can be subdivided in two episodes: the first one represented by lamprophyre dykes of approximately 82 Ma and the second comprised of felsic alkaline stocks of approximately 70 Ma and associated dikes ranging from 64 to 59 Ma.

Resumo

Novos dados K–Ar e 40Ar/39Ar de enxames de diques toleíticos e alcalinos localizados no embasamento onshore da Bacia de Santos (SE Brasil) apontam para diferentes pulsos magmáticos ocorridos entre o Jurássico e o Terciário. Os diques de rochas toleíticas (basalto, diabásio e microgabro), são mais velhos, exibem altos teores de TiO2 (3,65% peso na média) e podem ser subdivididos em dois grupos magmáticos. O Grupo A aflora a norte da Bacia de Resende, compreende diques orientados na direção NW, com razões (La/Yb)N entre 15 e 32,3, e idades entre 192.9±2.2 e 160.9±1.9 Ma. O Grupo B aflora a sul e a leste da Bacia de Resende, engloba diques orientados na direção NNW e NNE, com razões (La/Yb)N entre 7 e 16, e idades obtidas entre 148.3±3 e 133.9±0.5 Ma. As rochas alcalinas (sienito, traquito, fonolito, basalto alcalino e lamprófiro) possuem teores médios de K, e afloram como diques, plugs e stocks.. As idades obtidas são de ca. 82 Ma para os diques lamprofíricos, de ca. 70 Ma para os plugs sieníticos, e entre 64 e 59 Ma para os diques félsicos. Como estas idades Jurássicas para diques toleíticos ainda não foram descritas para a região sudeste do Brasil, pode-se especular que durante o emplacement dos diques do GrupoA o cenário tectônico indicaria esforços extensionais anteriores à abertura do Oceano atlântico Sul, e contemporânea ao derrame basáltico do Karoo na África do Sul. Já os diques do Grupo B são contemporâneos ao magmatismo Serra Geral e ao enxame de diques de Ponta Grossa, e portanto este episódio está diretamente relacionado à separação entre o Brasil e África no Cretáceo. O magmatismo alcalino está associado a diversos episódios tectônicos que sucedem à abertura do Oceano Atlântico Sul e que resultaram no desenvolvimento das Bacias terciárias do sudeste brasileiro. Está provavelmente relacionado à chegada da Pluma de Trindade e as idades obtidas para a região em estudo indicam que o magmatismo lamprofírico é mais antigo (ca. 82 Ma), seguido pelos plútons sieníticos (ca. 70 Ma) e diques associados (64 a 59 Ma.)  相似文献   

6.
Stratigraphic relations, kimberlite emplacement and lithospheric thermal evolution, Quiricó Basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil     
George Read  Herman Grutter  Stewart Winter  Nigel Luckman  Frank Gaunt  Fernando Thomsen   《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):803-818
  相似文献   

7.
U/Pb and Sm/Nd geochronologic studies of the eastern Borborema Province, Northeastern Brazil: initial conclusions     
W. R. Van Schmus  B. B. de Brito Neves  P. Hackspacher  M. Babinski   《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》1995,8(3-4)
The Borborema Province of NE Brasil comprises the central part of a wide Pan-African-Brasiliano orogenetic belt that formed as a consequence of late Neoproterozoic convergence and collision of the São Luis-West Africa craton and the São Francisco-Congo-Kasai cratons. New Sm/Nd and U/Pb results from the eastern part of this province help to define the basic internal architecture and pre-collisional history of this province, with particular emphasis on delineating older cratonic terranes, their fragmentation during the Mesoproterozoic, and their assembly into West Gondwana during the Pan African-Brasiliano orogeny at ca. 600 Ma.The region can be divided into three major geotectonic domains: a) Rio Piranhas-Caldas Brandão massif, with overlying Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic supracrustal rocks, north of the Patos Lineament; b) the Archean to Paleoproterozoic São Francisco craton (SFC) to the south; and c) a complex domain of Paleoproterozoic to Archean basement blocks with several intervening Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic fold belts in the center (south of Patos Lineament and north of SFC). The northern and central domains comprise the Borborema Province.Archean basement gneiss and Transamazonian granulite of northern SFC are exposed in the southern part of the central domain, underlying southern parts of the Sergipano fold belt. Basement in the Rio Piranhas massif appears to consist mostly of Transamazonian (2.1 to 2.2 Ga) gneissic rocks; Nd model ages (TDM) of ca. 2.6 Ga for 2.15 Ga gneisses indicate a substantial Archean component in the protoliths to these gneisses. The Caldas Brandão massif to the east yields both Transamazonian and Archean U/Pb zircon and Nd (TDM) ages, indicating a complex architecture. Metasedimentary rocks of the Jucurutu Formation yield detrital zircons with original crystallization ages as young as 1.8 Ga, indicating that these rocks may be late Paleoproterozoic and correlate with other ca. 1.8 Ga cratonic supracrustal rocks in Brazil such as the Roraima Group and Espinhaço Group.Most metavolcanic and pre-Brasiliano granitic units of the Sergipano (SDS), Pajeú-Paraíba (SPP), Riacho Pontal (SRP), and Piancó-Alto Brígida (SPAB) fold belts in the central domain formed ˜ 1.0 ± 0.1 Ga, based on U/Pb ages of zircons. Nd model ages (TDM) for these same rocks, as well as Brasiliano granites intruded into them and large parts of the Pernambuco-Alagoas massif, are commonly 1.3–1.7 Ga, indicating that rocks of the fold belts were not wholly derived from either older (> 2.1 Ga) or juvenile (ca. 1.0 Ga) crust, but include mixtures of both components. A simple interpretation of Brasiliano granite genesis and the Nd data implies that there is no Transamazonian or Archean basement underlying large parts of these fold belts or of the Pernambuco-Alagoas massif. An exception is a belt of syenitic Brasiliano plutons (Syenitoid Line) and host gneisses between SPAB and SPP that clearly has a Transamazonian (or older) source. In addition, there are several smaller blocks of Archean to Transamazonian gneiss that can be defined within and among these fold belts. These blocks do not appear to constitute a continuous basement complex, but appear to be isolated older crustal fragments.Our data support a model in which ca. 1.0 Ga rifting was an important tectonic and crust-forming event along the northern edge of the São Francisco craton. Our data also show that significant parts of the Borborema Province are not remobilized Transamazonian to Archean crust, but that Mesoproterozoic crust is a major feature of the Province. There are several small remnants of older crust within the area dominated by Mesoproterozoic crust, suggesting that the rifting event created several small continental fragments that were later incorporated into the Brasiliano collisional orogen. We cannot at present determine if the Rio Piranhas-Caldas Brandão massifs and the older crustal blocks of the central domain were originally part of the São Francisco craton or whether some (or all) of them came from more exotic parts of the Proterozoic Earth. Finally, our data have not yet revealed any juvenile terranes of either Transamazonian or Brasiliano age.  相似文献   

8.
Geological interpretation of Landsat TM imagery and aeromagnetic survey data, northern Precordillera region, Argentina     
C. J. Chernicoff  C. R. Nash 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2002,14(8):511
Este estudio de caso muestra una metodología para obtener el máximo valor geocientífico de datos aeromagnéticos regionales (espaciamiento entre líneas: 1000 m), a través de su integración con imágenes satelitarias de alta resolución. En este estudio, la interpretación litoestratigráfica de las imágenes Landsat TM a escala regional (1:100,000) ha sido llevada a cabo como precursor de la interpretación geofísica, proveyendo el marco geológico-estructural de base para el análisis de las imágenes geofísicas. Este marco geológico-estructural derivado de las imágenes Landsat muestra las posiciones y vergencias correctas de las estructuras mayores; en este marco, las ubicaciones de las anomalías aeromagnéticas mayores de origen somero relacionadas con rocas extrusivas y subvolcánicas intermedias/máficas, como así también de las estructuras que controlan estos eventos magmáticos de importancia económica, pueden ser correctamente interpretadas.Los resultados del estudio indican la existencia de un centro volcánico/subvolcánico no reconocido previamente, de edad post-pérmica y pre-miocena, probablemente asociado con fallamiento regional transcurrente sinistral desarrollado a lo largo de una sutura acrecional norte-sur reactivada y a una estructura preexistente del basamento precámbrico/paleozoico. El subsecuente evento de corrimientos de tipo ‘piel gruesa’ y vergencia oeste al que está asociado el ascenso del bloque precámbrico de la Sierra de Valle Fértil, desarrolló un distintivo juego de fallas transcurrentes de orientación NO–SE en el área del centro volcánico. Estas estructuras de orientación NO–SE cortan y rotan a estructuras miocenas tardías correspondientes a la tectónica de tipo ‘piel fina’ de la faja plegada y corrida de la Precordillera. Las rocas intrusivas asociadas con el centro volcánico de edad oligocena inferida, forman anomalías dipolares parcialmente remanentes fácilmente reconocibles, están asociadas con alteración y mineralización de oro (minas Cerro Guachi, El Pescado, Gral. Belgrano) y están ubicadas a lo largo de fallas ‘en cola de caballo’ sinistrales de orientación NO–SE. Este evento tectónico-magmático relacionado con la deformación transcurrente es considerado como oligoceno y puede estar relacionado con la convergencia oblicua oligocena y la mineralización de pórfiros de esta misma edad en Chile.  相似文献   

9.
Characterization of Quaternary faults by electric resistivity tomography in the Andean Precordillera of Western Argentina     
Sabrina Y. Fazzito  Augusto E. Rapalini  Jos M. Corts  Carla M. Terrizzano 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2009,28(3):217-228
El río San Juan, situado en la Provincia de San Juan (Argentina) cruza la Precordillera y otras unidades geológicas incluyendo la Depresión de Ullum y la Zona de La Laja, entre las latitudes 31°S y 32°S. El curso del río tiene un cierto caracter antecedente como puede deducirse por sus dos trazas perpendiculares unidas por otra casi paralela a las alineaciones estructurales principales. En la zona de la Precordillera, el valle del río San Juan muestra numerosos abanicos aluviales, situados en las zonas de confluencia entre el río principal y sus tributarios. Las superficies de los abanicos aluviales cuaternarios estan cortadas por una serie de escalones que consideramos como terrazas aluviales generadas por episodios repetitivos de agradación y degradación. El sector estudiado incluye una zona con una importante actividad sísmica reciente(La Laja), otra sin una importante actividad sísmica reciente (Precordillera), y una zona subsidente (Ullum) donde se formó un gran lago natural hace unos 6500 años. El antiguo río San Juan fue capturado por el valle de la Quebrada de Ullum mediante una incisión del orden de 25 m, que implicó una nueva adecuación del gradiente del río mediante los efectos de la erosión remontante. El gradiente del río San Juan muestra algunas irregularidades que, aunque no se presenten relacionadas directamente con las estructuras principales, estan relacionadas con la propia dinámica fluvial que acentúa la diferenciación litológica. La anchura del valle del río principal, la geometria y el gradiente de cada tributario, junto a las litologias del basamento y a las dimensiones de cada area fuente local, son los factores principales que controlan los procesos de la generación de las terrazas aluviales. En la zona de La Laja, donde la terraza mas alta soporta un nivel de travertino, la datación de los depósitos travertínicos proporciona datos como para suponer una tasa de incisión del orden de 0,9–1 mm/año, asociada a la actuación periódica de la falla de La Laja.
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doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2009.06.001    
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Characterization of Quaternary faults by electric resistivity tomography in the Andean Precordillera of Western Argentina
Sabrina Y. Fazzitoa, , , Augusto E. Rapalinia, , José M. Cortésb, and Carla M. Terrizzanob,
aConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Geofísica Daniel Valencio (INGEODAV), Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, ArgentinabConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Neotectónica (LANEO), Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina  相似文献   

10.
Mineralizing fluids of the shallow epithermal Au–Ag deposits of the El Barqueño district, Jalisco, Mexico     
Antoni Camprubí  Eduardo Gonzlez-Partida  Alexander Iriondo 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):39
La composición de elementos trazas y de isótopos de las secuencias magmáticas del terciario inferior en dos localidades de la Sierra Madre Occidental al norte de México, muestran una variación que manifiesta la composición y la edad del basamento por el cual fueron eyectadas. La corteza subyaciente en San Buenaventura corresponde a la parte asociada al basamento Norte Americano, en cambio en El Divisadero, la corteza subyaciente correspondería a los terranos alocthonos acrecionados durante el Mesozoico.En estas localidades las rocas volcánicas aparecen fuertemente diferenciadas, variando en su composición de basáltica a riolítica (SiO2=50–76%). Las secuencias erupcionadas en los terranos de acreción presentan la más baja dispersión en su cociente isotópico, con un cociente mínimo inicial de Sr (>0.7044, corregido por la edad), y máximo de Nd (<0.5126) y de Pb (206Pb/204Pb 18.9).Los cocientes isotópicos correspondientes a la serie continental presentan una dispersión variable y una distribución fuera de la serie de los terranos hacia la composición más típica de la corteza antigua (87Sr/86Sr 0.710 y 143Nd/144Nd 0.5123). Las rocas volcánicas de la zona continental, muestran valores relativamente altos en elementos incompatibles en comparación con las rocas de los terranos acrecionados (Ce/Yb=25–45 vs. 13–33, respectivamente), y al mismo tiempo están empobrecidos en algunos elementos incompatibles como U y Rb (p.e. Th/U=3.8–7.5 vs. 2.5–4.0, respectivamente), lo cual indica una posición estratigráfica superior, con cocientes de 87Sr/86Sr, 208Pb/204Pb, y Th/U más altos, y 143Nd/144Nd más bajos.Los resultados tienen implicaciones sobre la composición original y la petrogénesis de las rocas volcánicas. Los cocientes isotópicos de los dos lugares revelan una composición que se sitúa entre las rocas de composición máfica de la Sierra Madre Occidental y los xenolithos intermediarios y félsicos característicos del norte de México o del sud-oeste de los Estados Unidos de América. La relación entre los cocientes isotópicos de las secuencias y la edad del basamento, así como el hecho de que la totalidad de los resultados obtenidos presenten una disposición bien definida, demuestran la fuerte contribución de la corteza en la química de los magmas silicatados. En la serie continental los cocientes de isótopos covarían con los cocientes de Th/Pb y U/Pb, aproximándose a la composición observada en los xenolithos intermediarios y en las rocas de composicion félsica. Esto indica claramente que no se trata de una fusión anatéxica de la corteza inferior, sino más bien de una interacción del magma basáltico del manto y la corteza. La contribución de la corteza es del orden de 20–70%. La estrecha variación del cociente isotópico en la zona de la secuencia de terranos acrecionados refleja la interacción del magma basáltico con una corteza relativamente joven, cuya composición isotópica es similar a los magmas derivados del manto. Los altos cocientes de Th/U y de Th/Rb indican que la contaminación de la corteza tiene lugar en su parte inferior. Además, los cocientes menos radiogénicos de 206Pb/204Pb y 207Pb/204Pb en la serie continental indican que el empobrecimiento de elementos fuertemente incompatibles en la corteza inferior corresponde a un rasgo antiguo. Los cambios seculares de los cocientes isotópicos de la sección estratigráfica indica que la contribución de la corteza superior aumenta con el tiempo, predominando al principio una corteza inferior máfica y, más tarde, una corteza intermediaria de rocas félsicas. Analizando rocas volcánicas externas a las dos secciones fuertemente muestreadas, las diferencias obtenidas en su composición isotópica de las rocas volcánicas, los terranos acrecionados y el basamento antiguo permiten deducir la localización del límite corteza continental-corteza oceánica.
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doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.11.012    
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mineralizing fluids of the shallow epithermal Au–Ag deposits of the El Barqueño district, Jalisco, Mexico
Antoni Camprubí, , Eduardo González-Partida and Alexander Iriondo
Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Carretera 57 km. 15.5, 76023 Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico  相似文献   

11.
Ice flow direction during late Paleozoic glaciation in western Paraná Basin, Brazil     
A. L. D. Gesicki  C. Riccomini  P. C. Boggiani   《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2002,14(8)
The recent discovery of ice-striated surfaces associated with the late Paleozoic Aquidauana Formation suggests that glaciers coming from southwest Africa reached westernmost parts of the Paraná Basin in central Brazil. Abrasion features were developed by glaciers moving from SSE towards NNW, mainly on an unconsolidated bed. These records expand to about 1,050,000 km2, the coverage of the late Paleozoic glaciation in the region of the Paraná Basin in Western Gondwana.

Resumen

A recente descoberta de superfícies estriadas associadas à Formação Aquidauana, de idade permocarbonífera, sugere que as geleiras provenientes do sudoeste da África alcançaram as porções ocidentais da Bacia do Paraná, na região central do Brasil. As feições de abrasão foram geradas pelo deslocamento de geleiras de SSE para NNW, principalmente sobre substrato inconsolidado. Estes novos registros evidenciam que a glaciação neopaleozóica cobriu uma área de pelo menos de 1.050.000 km2 na região ocupada pela Bacia do Paraná no Gondwana Ocidental.  相似文献   

12.
The Central Andean gravity high, a relic of an old subduction complex?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
H. -J. Gtze  S. Krause 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2002,14(8):48
The Central Andean gravity high (CAGH) is a positive anomaly in isostatic residual gravity with its center located at the western flank of the Central Andes at about 24°S. The gravity was analyzed by various methods to draw quantitative conclusions about the sources of this anomaly and their process of formation. Methods include the analysis of the gravity gradients, power spectrum, wavelength filters, and Euler deconvolution.Numerical investigations of gravity field in the area of the CAGH indicate the presence of a dense body of nearly 400 km length and about 100–140 km width, that masses lie at varying depths between 10 and 38 km. A correlation between the location of the residual anomalies and the topographic lows in the area between the Salars de Atacama and Pipanaco is observed, which indicates the strong influence of the anomalous-causing rocks of the CAGH within the formation process of the Andean orogen. An influence of these causing bodies of rock on the trend of Holocene volcanic arc is likely. Genesis of the anomalous dense formations of rock could be traced back to Ordovician–Silurian time when a pre-Andean subduction zone is postulated in the region of northern Chile with its corresponding volcanic arc in the region of the CAGH.

Zusammenfassung

El campo de gravedad alto de los Andes Centrales (CAGH) consiste en una pronunciada anomalía positiva de la gravedad isostática, cuyo centro se encuentra en el borde oeste de los Andes Centrales a los 24°S. En este estudio se analizó el campo de gravedad mediante distintos métodos, de manera de poder establecer conclusiones cuantitativas sobre el causante de esta anomalía y el proceso de formación de este causante.La investigación numérica de las anomalías gravimétricas del CAGH indica la presencia de un cuerpo de alta densidad con aproximadamente 400 km de largo y 100–140 km de ancho, que se encuentra a profundidades variables entre 10 y 38 km. Se observa una correlación entre la posición de la anomalía residual y los bajos topográficos en los areas de Salares de Atacama, Arizaro, Antofalla y Pipanaco, la cual indica una fuerte influencia de rocas productoras de la anomalía en el CAGH, dentro del proceso de formación del orógeno andino. Es probable que estos cuerpos de rocas causantes de la anomalía tengan incluso influencia en el alineamiento del arco volcánico holocénico. La generación de cuerpos de rocas con una densidad anómala puede remontarse al Ordovícico–Silúrico, tiempo para el que postula una subducción pre-Andina en la región del norte de Chile y que corresponde con el arco volcánico en la región del CAGH.  相似文献   

13.
Isotope geochemistry and geochronology of the Nico Pérez Terrane, Rio de la Plata Craton, Uruguay     
G. Mallmann  F. Chemale Jr.  J.N. vila  K. Kawashita  R.A. Armstrong 《Gondwana Research》2007,12(4):489-508
  相似文献   

14.
U–Pb geochronology of the southern Brasília belt (SE-Brazil): sedimentary provenance, Neoproterozoic orogeny and assembly of West Gondwana     
Claudio M. Valeriano  Nuno Machado  Antonio Simonetti  Claudia S. Valladares  Hildor J. Seer  Luiz Sergio A. Simes 《Precambrian Research》2004,130(1-4):27-55
The Brasília belt borders the western margin of the São Francisco Craton and records the history of ocean opening and closing related to the formation of West Gondwana. This study reports new U–Pb data from the southern sector of the belt in order to provide temporal limits for the deposition and ages of provenance of sediments accumulated in passive margin successions around the south and southwestern margins of the São Francisco Craton, and date the orogenic events leading to the amalgamation of West Gondwana.Ages of detrital zircons (by ID–TIMS and LA-MC-ICPMS) were obtained from metasedimentary units of the passive margin of the São Francisco Craton from the main tectonic domains of the belt: the internal allochthons (Araxá Group in the Áraxá and Passos Nappes), the external allochthons (Canastra Group, Serra da Boa Esperança Metasedimentary Sequence and Andrelândia Group) and the autochthonous or Cratonic Domain (Andrelândia Group). The patterns of provenance ages for these units are uniform and are characterised as follows: Archean–Paleoproterozoic ages (3.4–3.3, 3.1–2.7, and 2.5–2.4 Ga); Paleoproterozoic ages attributed to the Transamazonian event (2.3–1.9 Ga, with a peak at ca. 2.15 Ga) and to the ca. 1.75 Ga Espinhaço rifting of the São Francisco Craton; ages between 1.6 and 1.2 Ga, with a peak at 1.3 Ga, revealing an unexpected variety of Mesoproterozoic sources, still undetected in the São Francisco Craton; and ages between 0.9 and 1.0 Ga related to the rifting event that led to the individualisation of the São Francisco paleo-continent and formation of its passive margins. An amphibolite intercalation in the Araxá Group yields a rutile age of ca. 0.9 Ga and documents the occurrence of mafic magmatism coeval with sedimentation in the marginal basin.Detrital zircons from the autochthonous and parautochthonous Andrelândia Group, deposited on the southern margin of the São Francisco Craton, yielded a provenance pattern similar to that of the allochthonous units. This result implies that 1.6–1.2 Ga source rocks must be present in the São Francisco Craton. They could be located either in the cratonic area, which is mostly covered by the Neoproterozoic epicontinental deposits of the Bambuí Group, or in the outer paleo-continental margin, buried under the allochthonous units of the Brasília belt.Crustal melting and generation of syntectonic crustal granites and migmatisation at ca. 630 Ma mark the orogenic event that started with westward subduction of the São Francisco plate and ended with continental collision against the Paraná block (and Goiás terrane). Continuing collision led to the exhumation and cooling of the Araxá and Passos metamorphic nappes, as indicated by monazite ages of ca. 605 Ma and mark the final stages of tectonometamorphic activity in the southern Brasília belt.Whilst continent–continent collision was proceeding on the western margin of the São Francisco Craton along the southern Brasília belt, eastward subduction in the East was generating the 634–599 Ma Rio Negro magmatic arc which collided with the eastern São Francisco margin at 595–560 Ma, much later than in the Brasília belt. Thus, the tectonic effects of the Ribeira belt reached the southernmost sector of the Brasília belt creating a zone of superposition. The thermal front of this event affected the proximal Andrelândia Group at ca. 588 Ma, as indicated by monazite age.The participation of the Amazonian craton in the assembly of western Gondwana occurred at 545–500 Ma in the Paraguay belt and ca. 500 Ma in the Araguaia belt. This, together with the results presented in this work lead to the conclusion that the collision between the Paraná block and Goiás terrane with the São Francisco Craton along the Brasília belt preceded the accretion of the Amazonian craton by 50–100 million years.  相似文献   

15.
Neogene dextral transpression due to oblique convergence across the Andes of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina     
M. Diraison  P. R. Cobbold  E. A. Rossello  A. J. Amos 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》1998,11(6):519-532
Between Bariloche (41°S) and El Bolsón (42°S), Neogene sediments of the Ñirihuau foreland basin and Paleogene volcanoclastic rocks have been thrust westward beneath basement rocks of the Andean cordillera. North of Bariloche (40°–41°S), Paleogene volcanoclastic rocks within the main cordillera show Neogene deformation. The large-scale Neogene tectonics of the area are revealed by superimposing geological maps with digital topographic data. Fault-slip data provide information on the relative amount of crustal thickening and strike-slip faulting. Throughout the area, major reverse faults and thrusts trend northwest, forming the edges to Cenozoic basins of foreland or ramp styles. Some of these are inverted grabens of Mesozoic age. The dominant strike-slip faults are right-lateral and trend nearly north, parallel to the cordillera. Conjugate left-lateral faults trend nearly east. At a regional scale, based on the fault-slip data, the principal direction of shortening is northeast, in areas where thrusts predominate, but swings around to the north in areas where strike-slip faults predominate. Thus the results indicate a degree of strain partitioning, but they are broadly compatible with the oblique direction of convergence between the Nazca and South American plates. This tectonic style seems to have lasted throughout the Neogene.

Abstract

Entre las localidades de Bariloche (41°S) y El Bolsón (42°S), sedimentos Neógenos de la cuenca de antepaís Ñirihuau y volcanoclastitas Paleógenas han sido cabalgados desde el oeste por el basamento de la Cordillera de los Andes. Al norte de Bariloche (40°–41°S), volcanoclastitas Paleógenas de la Cordillera también muestran deformación. La tectónica neógena de gran escala se destaca por la superposición de mapas geológicos y topográficos digitalizados. A la escala de los afloramientos, los datos de deslizamientos de falla proveen información relativa a las relaciones entre el espesamiento cortical y el fallamiento de rumbo. En este sentido, a través de toda el área, las fallas inversas y los cabalgamientos mayores se disponen con rumbos noroeste, controlando las cuencas Cenozoicas de antepaís o de tipo rampa. Algunas de ellas invierten grábenes Mesozoicos. Por su parte, las fallas transcurrentes son dominantemente dextrales y se disponen submeridianalmente de modo paralelo a la Cordillera. Juegos conjugados senestrales se orientan sublatitudinalmente. A escala regional, la dirección principal de acortamiento, a partir de datos de desplazamiento de fallas, es noreste donde dominan los cabalgamientos, aunque se desvía hacia el norte donde predominan las fallas transcurrentes. Estos resultados indican un grado de particionamiento de la deformación, que resulta compatible con la dirección oblícua de convergencia entre las placas de Nazca y Sudamérica; estilo tectónico que parece haberse instalado a partir del Neógeno.  相似文献   

16.
Relics of eclogite facies assemblages in the Ceará Central Domain, NW Borborema Province, NE Brazil: Implications for the assembly of West Gondwana   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Ticiano J. Saraiva dos Santos  Maria da Glria M. Garcia  Wagner Silva Amaral  Renauld Caby  Eberhard Wernick  Michel H. Arthaud  Elton L. Dantas  M. Santosh 《Gondwana Research》2009,15(3-4):454-470
The Borborema Province, in the NE of Brazil, is a rather complex piece in the Brazil–Africa puzzle as it represents the junction of the Dahomeyide/Pharusian, Central African, Araçuai and Brasilia fold belts located between the West-African/São Luis, Congo/São Francisco and Amazonas craton. The correlation between the Dahomeyides from W-Africa (Ghana, Benin, Togo, and Mali) and the Borborema Province involves the Médio Coreaú and Central Ceará domains. The inferred continuation of the main oceanic suture zone exposed in the Dahomeyides of W Africa is buried beneath the Phanerozoic Parnaíba Basin in Brazil (northwest of the Médio Coreaú domain) where some high density gravity anomalies may represent hidden remnants of an oceanic suture. In addition to this major suture a narrow, nearly continuous strip composed of mainly mafic pods containing relics of eclogite-facies assemblages associated with partially migmatized granulite-facies metapelitic gneisses has been found further east in the NW Borborema Province. These high pressure mafic rocks, interpreted as retrograded eclogites, are located between the Transbrasiliano Lineament and the Santa Quitéria continental arc and comprise primitive to evolved arc-related rocks with either arc- or MORB-type imprints that can indicate either deep subduction of oceanic lithosphere or roots of continental and oceanic magmatic arcs. Average peak PT conditions under eclogite-facies metamorphism (T = 770 °C and P = 17.3 kbar) were estimated using garnet–clinopyroxene thermometry and Jd content in clinopyroxene. Transition to granulite-facies conditions, as well as later widespread re-equilibration under amphibolite facies, were registered both in the basic and the metapelitic rocks and suggest a clockwise PT path characterized by an increase in temperature followed by strong decompression. A phenomenon possibly related to the exhumation of a highly thickened crust associated with the suturing of the Médio Coreaú and Central Ceará domains, two distinct crustal blocks separated by the Transbrasiliano Lineament.  相似文献   

17.
The magnetic susceptibility of granitic rocks as a proxy for geochemical composition: Example from the Saruhan granitoids, NE Turkey   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Ali Aydin  Eric C. Ferr  Zafer Aslan 《Tectonophysics》2007,441(1-4):85-95
  相似文献   

18.
Cretaceous stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Southern Petén Basin, Guatemala     
Eric Fourcade  Luis Piccioni  Jos Escrib  Eduardo Rosselo 《Cretaceous Research》1999,20(6):793
The Cretaceous deposits of the Southern Petén Basin, an oil-producing province, are located to the south of the Yucatan Platform and to the east of the Chiapas Carbonate Platform of Mexico. The succession in the southern part of this basin has been studied both in wells and at outcrop by microfacies analysis. It is composed of 5000 m of shallow marine carbonates and evaporites with a few thin layers of pelagic limestones rich in organic carbon and planktic foraminifera deposited during peak transgressions or maximum flooding. The sedimentation of this thick succession was not continuous, and the section is punctuated by subaerial erosional bounding surfaces and a single hardground which marks the final drowning of the carbonate platform during the late Maastrichtian. New age determinations have been obtained on the basis of planktic and benthic foraminifera from the Aptian to Santonian Cobán Formation, D, C, B and A Members. Cobán C (Albian) and B (Cenomanian) Members are the present oil reservoirs. The rudist and alveolinid limestones of late Campanian and Maastrichtian age referred to the Campur Formation in the Southern Petén Basin are here reassigned to the Angostura Formation, as recognized in the Chiapas area. The Actela Formation is defined here to encompass the limestone breccia deposits that occur at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary and extend into the Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina Zone of early Danian age. The D, C, B and A Members of the Cobán Formation and the Angostura Formation represent second order transgressive and regressive trends in a passive margin area where the deposits indicate a succession of various environments, including fluviatile, salinas, shallow marine carbonate platform, outer shelf and intrashelf basin. High subsidence rates, sea-level changes and tectonic uplift controlled the sedimentation.

Abstract

Les formations crétacées du sud-est du Bassin du Petén, région pétrolière du nord du Guatemala, sont situées au Sud du Yucatan et à l'Est du Chiapas au Mexique. Ces sédiments ont été étudiés à la fois dans deux puits et à l'affleurement par l'analyse des microfaciès. Cet ensemble sédimentaire est composé de 5000 m de carbonates de plate-forme de faible profondeur et d'évaporites, dans lesquels s'intercalent de minces couches de calcaires pélagiques riches en matière organique et en foraminifères planctoniques. Ces calcaires pélagiques se sont déposés lors des maximums de transgressions. La sédimentation de cette épaisse série n'est pas continue et est ponctuée par quelques surfaces d'érosion sub-aérienne et une surface durcie qui souligne l'ennoyage définitif de la plate-forme carbonatée au Maastrichtien terminal. De nouvelles datations ont été obtenues sur la formation Cobán et ses membres D, C, B et A qui s'étagent de l'Aptien au Santonien. Les membres C (albien) et B (cénomanien) constituent les réservoirs productifs. Les calcaires à rudistes et à alveolinidés du Campanien supérieur–Maastrichtien ont été appelés à tort au Petén formation Campur. Ils doivent, selon nous, être attribués à la formation Angostura comme au Chiapas voisin, où affleurent des faciès comparables et de même âge. Une nouvelle formation est créée (formation Actela) pour les brèches calcaires de la limite Crétacé–Tertiaire et de la Zone à Eugubina du Danien inférieur. Les membres D, C, B, A de la formation Cobán et la formation Angostura représentent des cycles transgressifs–régressifs de deuxième ordre. Sur cette marge passive du Petén, les dépôts correspondent à des environnements variés comme des terres émergées soumises à une altération karstique et à des dépôts fluviatiles, des salinas, des plates-formes carbonatées marines, des shelf externes et des bassins intra plate-forme. La sédimentation a été, ici, contrôlée par une forte vitesse de subsidence, les variations du niveau marin et des soulèvements tectoniques.  相似文献   

19.
Geochemistry of the Mamil Choique granitoids at Rio Chico, Río Negro, Argentina: Late Paleozoic crustal melting in the North Patagonian Massif     
Mnica G. Lpez de Luchi  María Elena Cerredo 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2008,25(4):526-546
  相似文献   

20.
Geologic evolution of the Serrinha nucleus granite–greenstone terrane (NE Bahia, Brazil) constrained by U–Pb single zircon geochronology     
D.C. Rios  D.W. Davis  H. Conceio  W.J. Davis  M.L.S. Rosa  A.P. Dickin 《Precambrian Research》2009,170(3-4):175-201
U–Pb single zircon crystallization ages were determined using TIMS and sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) on samples of granitoid rocks exposed in the Serrinha nucleus granite–greenstone terrane, in NE Brazil. Our data show that the granitoid plutons can be divided into three distinct groups. Group 1 consists of Mesoarchaean (3.2–2.9 Ga) gneisses and N-S elongated TTG (Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite) plutons with gneissic borders. Group 2 is represented by ca. 2.15 Ga pretectonic calc-alkaline plutons that are less deformed than group 1. Group 3 is ca. 2.11–2.07 Ga, late to post-tectonic plutons (shoshonite, syenite, K-rich granite and lamprophyre). Groups 2 and 3 are associated with the Transamazonian orogeny. Xenocryst ages of 3.6 Ga, the oldest zircon yet recorded within the São Francisco craton, are found in the group 3 Euclides shoshonite within the Uauá complex and in the group 2 Quijingue trondhjemite, indicating the presence of Paleoarchaean sialic basement.Group 1 gneiss-migmatitic rocks (ca. 3200 Ma) of the Uauá complex constitute the oldest known unit. Shortly afterwards, partial melting of mafic material produced a medium-K calc-alkaline melt, the younger Santa Luz complex (ca. 3100 Ma) to the south. Subsequent TTG melts intruded in different phases now exposed as N-S elongated plutons such as Ambrósio (3162 ± 26 Ma), Araci (3072 ± 2 Ma), Requeijão (2989 ± 11 Ma) and others, which together form a major part of the Archaean nucleus. Some of these plutons have what appear to be intrusive, but are probably remobilized, contacts with the Transamazonian Itapicuru greenstone belt. The older gneissic rocks occur as enclaves within younger Archaean plutons. Thus, serial additions of juvenile material over a period of several hundred m.y. led to the formation of a stable micro-continent by 2.9 Ga. Evidence for Neoarchaean activity is found in the inheritance pattern of only one sample, the group 2 Euclides pluton.Group 2 granitoid plutons were emplaced at 2.16–2.13 Ga in a continental arc environment floored by Mesoarchaean crust. These plutons were subsequently deformed and intruded by late to post-tectonic group 3 alkaline plutons. This period of Transamazonian orogeny can be explained as a consequence of ocean closure followed by collision and slab break-off. The only subsequent magmatism was kimberlitic, probably emplaced during the Neoproterozoic Braziliano event, which sampled older zircon from the basement.  相似文献   

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