首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
海河流域地下水生态水位研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
海河流域是我国水资源严重短缺的地区之一,由于长期不合理地开采地下水,引发了一系列生态环境问题,如地面沉降、地下水漏斗扩大、水质恶化、海水入侵等。恢复海河流域的生态环境对于区域的可持续发展意义重大,文章根据海河流域地貌单元将海河流域划分为3种类型:山前倾斜平原、中部平原和滨海平原,并确定了不同类型区地下水的生态水位。最后提出了恢复海河流域地下水生态水位的措施。  相似文献   

2.
华北平原浅层地下水水位动态变化   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
利用中日合作项目在华北平原设置的自动监测设备KADEC-MIZU Ⅱ型地下水水位自计仪,对2004-2006年39处浅层地下水水位监测的结果,结合区域影响地下水宏观动态类型的主要因素,如地形地貌、地下水埋深、地下水开采程度、地下水漏斗以及河流湖泊等,叠加各影响因素分区图得到地下水动态影响因素综合分区图,结合观测孔地下水水位体现的动态特征,将华北平原地下水观测点分为山前开采型、山前侧向补给-径流-开采型、中部河道带补给-开采型、中部地下水浅埋区降水入渗-蒸发型动态、黄河影响带侧向补给-蒸发型动态和滨海平原区入渗-蒸发型6大地下水动态类型。在此基础上阐明了大区域范围内不同类型地下水水位年内及多年动态变化的特点,比较了不同类型区地下水动态所受影响因素的不同。  相似文献   

3.
一、地下水资源计算原则及分布 河南从山区到平原可分成山区、岗区和平原三大区域,各区具有不同水文地质条件,赋存有不同类型的地下水,所以其资源计算方法也有所不同。基岩山区计算天然资源,岗区计算调节资源,平原区分别计算浅层和中深层地下水开采资源。 地下水在开采条件下,其补给量和排泄量会发生变化。一方面由于地下水开采,增加激化补给量;  相似文献   

4.
黄淮海平原地下水开采的水文效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄淮海平原是我国地下水开发最早,利用程度最高的地区。随着地下水开采量急剧增长,已产生了一系列水文效应变化,其中包括区域地下水位下降和地下水降落漏斗的形成;开采浅层地下水对地表径流和降雨入渗补给的地下水量的影响,井灌井排在盐碱土的改良作用等。  相似文献   

5.
民勤盆地地下水水位下降特征与可持续利用评价   总被引:9,自引:8,他引:9  
李丁  马金珠  南忠仁 《中国沙漠》2004,24(6):734-739
在水文地质调查的基础上,以地下水化学与同位素为基础数据,研究了民勤盆地地下水组成的琏本特征.自然演变规律和人类活动影响下的变化过程。地下水δ^18O较现代降水值低-3.5‰左右,表明民勤盆地地下水均为地质时期封存或入渗补给年代久远的古水,现代农业灌溉地下水是不可再生资源,大规模超采地下水导致地下水水位形成漏斗形曲面下降。作者以水量平衡理论为依据建立了估算地下水储量与农业经济规模灌溉可开采储量的“漏斗”模型,经计算绿洲浅层、深层地下水可开采静储量632亿m^3;绿洲浅层地下水淡水农业生产经济资源可开采总量为110亿m^3;按照目前开采速率,维持目前产业经济规模极限时问约为16.7a。因此,必须实施农业种植业经济向农业畜牧业、草业经济发展,以及产业调整期经济平稳过渡。  相似文献   

6.
为定量表达地面沉降和地下水位变化的空间关系,分析地下水超采对地面沉降的影响,该文基于永久散射体干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术获取北京平原区地面沉降信息,采用普通最小二乘(OLS)和地理加权回归(GWR)建立北京平原区地面沉降与各含水层水位变化的响应模型;通过对比分析发现GWR模型能够表征77%的地面沉降与地下水位变化相关关系,可更直观地揭示不同地区地下水超采对地面沉降影响的空间特征,更好地表达地面沉降与地下水位变化的空间非平稳性.基于GWR模型的研究表明,不同含水层的水位变化对不同地面沉降区的影响不同,第二、三承压含水层的开采对严重和较严重沉降区的正向影响较大,与北京市以第二、三承压含水层为主要应用水的统计规律一致.  相似文献   

7.
石羊河流域平原地下水位动态特征与监测网观测频率优化   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
在阐述石羊河流域平原地下水位动态特征的基础上,采用频谱分析方法对研究区的地下水水位进行周期分析,并开展了地下水动态监测网的观测频率优化。结果认为:昌宁盆地水位动态存在4个周期成分,民勤和武威盆地水位动态存在2个周期成分,水位动态主要以年动态和月动态为主,动态类型主要有入渗径流开采型、开采型和补给开采型3种。昌宁盆地的水位监测频率每月可为2次,民勤和武威盆地的每月可为3次。  相似文献   

8.
针对不同深度含水层,揭示其富水性,探讨地下水资源可恢复性、可利用性和浅层劣质水改造利用可能性。以国土资源部衡水地下水试验场为依托,在详细调查试验场影响区地下水开发利用状况、监测地下水年动态基础上,开展分层抽水试验和水化学同位素采样。通过对大量抽水水位动态数据过程、局部流场特征和水化学同位素的分析,得出结论:该区农业为影响地下水水位的主控因素;含水层系统承压性、补给强度从下到上分别呈减弱、增强趋势,除浅层外各含水层渗透性较强;各含水层渗流强度及方向不同等。提出实现地下水可持续开发利用建议:对浅层地下咸水适时进行抽咸换淡、混灌轮灌改造利用;170m、300m强含水层作为工农业用水主要开采层,深层地下水主要用于生活用水;按照水量平衡、分质用水原则开发地下水。  相似文献   

9.
黄河下游浅层地下水资源潜力与含水系统调蓄能力分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
该文对黄河下游地区地下水环境问题进行系统调查,采用对比分析方法,以环境约束为条件,评价黄河下游浅层地下水资源及其潜力,探讨浅层地下水资源变化的原因,并针对浅层地下水无潜力区进行了含水系统调蓄能力分析,提出合理开发利用地下水的模式和建议。近二十年来,由于黄河断流及气候的影响,黄河下游地区地下水补给条件发生了变化,与20世纪80年代相比,浅层地下水可开采资源减少19.19亿m^3/a,地下水资源潜力减少29.62亿m^3/a.在地下水无潜力区讲行含水系统调蓄尤为重要.  相似文献   

10.
巴丹吉林沙漠地下水流场的宏观特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黑河流域下游盆地与周边地区的水力联系是当地生态建设的关键问题。巴丹吉林沙漠与黑河流域下游盆地存在长达180 km的交界线,由于水文地质调查程度低,其地下水的流场不清楚,黑河流域下游天然水均衡账本中存在不确定因素。针对这个问题,在已有水文地质调查基础上,开展了巴丹吉林沙漠区域尺度的水位调查和钻孔勘探,获得461个已知水位点和63个水位约束点,绘制出巴丹吉林沙漠浅层地下水一级近似等水位线图。结果表明:研究区地下水位具有东南高、西北低的特点,水力梯度0.6‰~4.0‰,沙漠东南部地区的湖泊对地下水流场具有扰动作用,但没有改变宏观的地下水流向;第四系松散砂层是巴丹吉林沙漠浅层地下水的主要含水层,根据现有钻孔和物探资料,第四系沉积物在沙漠腹地较厚、边缘较薄,覆盖厚度普遍超过100 m,联通了沙漠和黑河流域下游地区的地下水;巴丹吉林沙漠的地下水补给黑河下游的古日乃湖、额济纳旗平原和拐子湖地区,地下水侧向出境流量为(0.61~1.97)×108 m3·a-1,其中进入古日乃湖平原的流量达到(0.33~1.06)×108 m3·a-1。计算结果仍然受到一些不确定因素的影响。  相似文献   

11.
河北南部地区资源、环境、发展初析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
吴凯 《地理科学进展》2002,21(5):477-483
河北南部地区山前平原区农业气候条件适于夏玉米的生长 ,黑龙港地区适于棉花的生长。本区水资源匮乏 ,地下水超采严重。浅层地下水超采模数为 8.0 1× 1 0 4 m3/( km2 ·a) ,深层地下水为 2 .5 8× 1 0 4 m3/( km2·a)。全区水资源利用的综合边际效益以廊坊市最高 ( 2 6.68元 /t) ,保定市最低 ( 1 4.85元 /t) ,两者之比为 1 .80。区内地下水降落漏斗与地面沉降等环境地质灾害频繁 ,1 998年浅层地下水漏斗区面积为 0 .5 4× 1 0 4 km2 ,深层地下水为 1 .5 9× 1 0 4 km2。地下水、粮食和蔬菜受到农药残留、过量化肥的污染。本区 2 0 1 0水平年外流域调水将占可供水量的 2 3.9% ,但缺水率仍达 36.2 %。若全区通过发展工程节水 (提高综合节水率 3.2 % )、实施适水种植 (冬小麦播种面积下调 7% ) ,利用水分胁迫处理 (减少一次灌溉 )等节水措施 ,则比 1 999年节水 1 7.2 %。  相似文献   

12.
黑河流域土地利用变化对地下水资源的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602 × 10^8 m^3/a in the former 15 years (1969-1985) and 0.218 × 10^8 m^3/a in the latter 15 years (1986-2000), and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035 × 10^8 m^3/a and 4.91 × 10^8 m^3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0 × 10^8 m^3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources.  相似文献   

13.
黑河流域土地利用变化对地下水资源的影响   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
土地利用与覆被变化对区域水文过程具有深刻影响。利用1960s以来的三期遥感数据和1980年以来的地下水长期观测数据, 从地下水补给和排泄系统两方面, 分析了近30年来甘肃省黑河流域中游地区土地利用与覆被变化对地下水系统的影响, 结果表明:以1985年为界, 随土地利用与覆被变化强度不同, 前后15年土地利用变化对地下水系统补给的影响分别达到2.602亿m3/a和0.218亿m3/a, 对排泄系统的影响分别为2.035亿m3/a和4.91亿m3/a, 在保持区域人工开采量不超过3.0亿m3/a的合理幅度下, 土地利用变化对区域地下水资源变化起着决定作用;在区域土地利用与覆被变化和近10年来人类较大规模开采影响下, 甘肃省张掖盆地地下水资源变化出现了显著的区域差异性。认识土地利用变化对流域地下水系统的作用与区域地下水资源的时空变化特征, 对流域水土资源合理利用规划与管理有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
华北平原地下水动态变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The groundwater level of 39 observation wells including 35 unconfined wells and 4 confined wells from 2004 to 2006 in North China Plain (NCP) was monitored using automatic groundwater monitoring data loggers KADEC-MIZU II of Japan. The automatic groundwater sensors were installed for the corporation project between China and Japan. Combined with the monitoring results from 2004 to 2006 with the major factors affecting the dynamic patterns of groundwater, such as topography and landform, depth of groundwater level, exploitation or discharge extent, rivers and lakes, the dynamic regions of NCP groundwater were gotten. According to the dynamic features of groundwater in NCP, six dynamic patterns of groundwater level were identified, including discharge pattern in the piedmont plain, lateral recharge-runoff-discharge pattern in the piedmont plain, recharge-discharge pattern in the central channel zone, precipitation infiltration-evaporation pattern in the shallow groundwater region of the central plain, lateral recharge-evaporation pattern in the recharge-affected area along the Yellow River and infiltration-discharge-evaporation pattern in the littoral plain. Based on this, the groundwater fluctuation features of various dynamic patterns were interpreted and the influencing factors of different dynamic patterns were compared. Foundation: National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, No.40671034; No.40830636 Author: Wang Shiqin (1981–), Ph.D., specialized in hydrology and water resources, water cycle of watershed.  相似文献   

15.
河北省粮食生产发展趋势及其地区差异   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
河北省2002年粮食作物播种面积为6484.4千hm2,其中小麦占37.8%,玉米39.7%;粮食、棉花、油料的种植比例为15.9:1.0:1.6。北部四地市粮食播面占全省的23.3%,南部七地市76.7%。2002年粮食总产2435.8万t,为1949年的5.2倍;粮食单产3756kg/hm2,为1949年的5.8倍;人均粮食362kg,为1949年的2.4倍。北部地区粮食总产占全省的17.2%,南部地区82.8%。据回归分析与双向差分建模分析,2010年粮食总产可达3087.5万t,粮食单产4478kg/hm2,人均粮食460kg。据灰关联分析,影响粮食总产的主要因子有:粮食单产、农副产品收购价格总指数(1978年=100)、农业机械总动力、农村用电量、农田化肥施用量与有效灌溉面积等。根据笔者预测,若2010年农业机械总动力达8989万kw,农村用电量240.8亿kwh,农田化肥施用量356.1万t,有效灌面4549.2千hm2,则其粮食单产可达4664kg/hm2;若2010年仍保持2000年小麦播面所占比例(0.387),玉米播面所占比例达0.439,则其单产可达4387kg/hm2。  相似文献   

16.
Groundwater resource is vital to the sustainable development of socio-economics in arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China. An estimation of the groundwater resources variation in Zhangye Basin was made during 1985–2013 based on long-term groundwater observation data and geostatistical method. The results show that from 1985 to 2013, groundwater storage exhibited tremendous dissimilarity on temporal and spatial scale for the whole Zhangye Basin, especially before and after implementation of the water diversion policy. Trend of groundwater storage varied from quick to slow decline or increase. The accumulative groundwater storage decreased nearly 47.52×10~8 m~3, and annual average depletion rate reached 1.64×10~8 m~3/a. Among which, the accumulative groundwater storage of the river and well water mixed irrigation district decreased by 37.48×10~8 m~3, accounting for about 78.87% of the total groundwater depletion of the Zhangye Basin. Accumulative depletion of groundwater storage varied in respective irrigation districts. Though groundwater resources depletion rate slowed down from 2005, the overall storage in the whole basin and respective districts during 1985–2013 was still in a severe deficit such that, the groundwater resource was in a rather negative balance, which could threaten the local aquifer. This is the joint effect of climate change and human activities, however human activities, such as water diversion policy and groundwater exploitation, became increasingly intense. Our research results could provide a reasonable estimation for the groundwater balance in Zhangye Basin, providing a scientific basis for water resources unified planning and, this method can provide a relatively reliable way of estimation for large scale groundwater resources.  相似文献   

17.
The reservoir wetland, which is the largest artificial wetland in Beijing, constitutes one of the important urban ecological infrastructures. Considering two elements of natural environment and socio-economy, this paper established the driving factor indexing system of Beijing reservoir wetland evolution. Natural environment driving factors include precipitation, temperature, entry water and groundwater depth; social economic driving factors include resident population, urbanization rate and per capita GDP. Using multi-temporal Landsat TM images from 1984 to 2010 in Beijing, the spatial extent and the distribution of Beijing reservoir wetlands were extracted, and the change of the wetland area about the three decade years were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to explore for each of the three periods: from 1984 to 1998, from 1998 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2010. The results showed that the leading driving factors and their influences on reservoir wetland evolution were different for each period. During 1984-1998, two natural environment indices: average annual precipitation and entry water index were the major factors driving the increase in wetland area with the contribution rate of Logistic regression being 5.78 and 3.50, respectively, and caused the wetland growth from total area of 104.93 km 2 to 219.96 km 2 . From 1998 to 2004, as the impact of human activities intensified the main driving factors were the number of residents, groundwater depth and urbanization rate with the contribution rate of Logistic regression 9.41, 9.18, and 7.77, respectively, and caused the wetland shrinkage rapidly from the total area of 219.96 km 2 to 95.71 km 2 . During 2004-2010, reservoir wetland evolution was impacted by both natural and socio-economic factors, and the dominant driving factors were urbanization rate and precipitation with the contribution rate of 6.62 and 4.22, respectively, and caused the wetland total area growth slightly to 109.73 km 2 .  相似文献   

18.
The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural output, variations of crop planting structure and construction of water conservancy projects in the headwater area all tie up with the decline of the groundwater table. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources utilization of Luancheng County, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the county’s groundwater flow through finite-difference method using Visual Modflow software. We divide the research field into four parts after analyzing the hydrogeological condition. Based on parameter calibration and adjustment using measured data, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were simulated. Using the calibrated model, we analyze the agricultural water saving potentiality and its influence on the groundwater. The results are as follows: (1) if we decrease the amount of water extracted by 0.14xl08 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.33 m; (2) if we decrease the water by 0.29x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.64 m; and (3) if we increase the water by 0.29 x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will decline by 0.45 m. So we can draw a conclusion that controlling the agricultural water use is an important way to prevent the decline of groundwater table.  相似文献   

19.
中国公路交通的重金属排放及其对土地污染的初步估算   总被引:24,自引:3,他引:21  
本文研究了全国各省市机动车Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd排放总量和公路两侧土壤中Pb含量的分布及其面积。结果表明,东部发达省份机动车的重金属排放量较西部地区大。使用含铅汽油的1990~1996年期间,北京市公路两侧土壤中Pb的年输入量为2.48~3.17 mg/ (kg · a)、累积量为11.4 mg/kg;1997~2003年使用无铅汽油后,两者分别下降到0.26~0.29 mg/(kg · a)和1.30 mg/kg。公路两侧的土壤中Pb含量随垂直距离的外延呈指数形式下降。公路交通对道路两侧土壤产生严重和轻度Pb污染的范围分别为距公路0~10 m和10~65 m。2003年北京市和全国受公路交通Pb污染的土地面积为2310 km2和28900 km2。公路交通的重金属排放是导致我国土地污染的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

20.
长江中上游土壤自然侵蚀量及其估算方法   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
景可  张信宝 《地理研究》2007,26(1):67-74
首先阐述了土壤侵蚀可分为自然侵蚀和人为加速侵蚀,自然侵蚀是自地球形成以来就普遍存在的一种自然现象;继而从夷平面、河流阶地、沉积盆地等侵蚀和堆积地貌形迹论述了第四纪以来长江中上游土壤自然侵蚀存在的佐证事实;在此基础上,依据侵蚀沉积相关原理,利用沉积物的厚度、面积和沉积时段分别计算了洞庭湖流域、鄱阳湖流域和古云梦泽流域全新世以来的自然侵蚀量,它们分别为264.2t/km2 · a、 312.5t/km2 · a和297.0t/km2 · a;同时,本文还辅以川西和三峡地区的对比实验小区资料,现代自然侵蚀量分别为342.0t/km2 · a、 75~270t/km2 · a佐证历史自然侵蚀量。长江上中游区域的自然侵蚀量介于264.0t/km2 · a ~342.0t/km2 · a之间。流域平均自然侵蚀量是现代侵蚀量的50%~60%之间;本研究成果有助于对长江中上游现代土壤侵蚀的属性、演变过程有一个科学的认识;同时可为生态保护、环境友好建设目标提供背景参照物。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号