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1.
The Saharan debris flow: an insight into the mechanics of long runout submarine debris flows 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
New 3·5 kHz profiles and a series of piston cores from the north-west African margin provide evidence that the Saharan debris flow travelled for more than 400 km on a highly fluid, low-friction layer of poorly sorted sediment. Data suggest that the Saharan debris flow is a two-phase event, consisting of a basal, volcaniclastic debris flow phase overlain by a pelagic debris flow phase. Both phases were emplaced on the lower continental rise by a single large debris flow at around 60 ka. The volcaniclastic flow left a thin deposit less than 5 m thick. This contrasts with the much thicker (over 25 m) deposit left by the pelagic debris flow phase. We suggest that pelagic sediment, sourced and mobilized as debris flow from the African continental margin, loaded and destabilized volcaniclastic material in the vicinity of the western Canaries. When subjected to this loading, the volcaniclastic material appears to have formed a highly fluid sandy debris flow, capable of transporting with it the huge volumes of pelagic debris, and contributing to a runout distance extending over 400 km downslope of the Canary Islands on slopes that decrease to as little as 0·05°. It is likely that the pelagic debris formed a thick impermeable slab above the volcanic debris, thus maintaining high pore pressures generated by loading and giving rise to low apparent friction conditions. The distribution of the two debris phases indicates that the volcaniclastic debris flow stopped within a few tens of kilometres after escaping from beneath the pelagic debris flow, probably because of dissipation of excess pore pressure when the seal of pelagic material was removed. 相似文献
2.
The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, one of the most important Mesozoic lagerstätten in East Asia, is especially well-known for occurrences of fossil feathered dinosaurs and early angiosperms. However, the terrestrial biodiversity, especially the fossil wood record, is poorly known. In this study, several structurally preserved coniferous wood specimens from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation are investigated, based on collections from the Heichengzi Basin in Beipiao of western Liaoning, Northeast China. Four species referred to four genera of fossil wood are described, including Taxodioxylon heichengziense sp. nov., Thujoxylon beipiaoense sp. nov., Sciadopityoxylon liaoningense Ding and Protocedroxylon shengjinbeigouense sp. nov. These new records enlarge the fossil wood diversity of the Yixian Formation up to 10 species in 9 genera, and provide further insights into the forest vegetation composition of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota. Systematic analysis of the floral constitution indicates that the petrified forests of the Yixian Formation are dominated by conifers, represented by Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Sciadopityaceae, Pinaceae and Cupressaceae in the western Liaoning region. Palaeoclimatical analysis of the fossil wood assemblage implies that the western Liaoning region was dominated by a cool temperate, wet and seasonal climate with variable interannual water supply in the western Liaoning region during the Early Cretaceous. 相似文献
3.
The Yixian Formation (the Early Cretaceous) of China has yielded a diverse group of early angiosperms, revealing the charm of angiosperms from the formation is far from finishing. Here we report a fossil angiosperm, Nothodichocarpum gen. et sp. nov, with physically connected female parts, male parts, branches, and leaves with pinnate reticulate venation from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China. In addition to the previous reports, this report underscores the diversity of angiosperms in the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation and earlier origin of angiosperms. The morphological variations in the reproductive parts in different stages allow us to infer the development of this early angiosperm. This fossil plant demonstrates a unique character assemblage that sheds new light on the origin and evolution of carpels. 相似文献
4.
A taxon of the Stenophlebiidae, Yixianstenophlebia magnifica gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Liutiaogou, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia of China. Its closest relative is the Late Jurassic European genus Stenophlebia. This new discovery is helpful to understand the Jehol Biota assemblage at Liutiaogou Locality. It also confirms that the Stenophlebiidae was a very diverse and widespread family during the Early Cretaceous. The causes of its extinction in the Late Cretaceous remain enigmatic. 相似文献
5.
近30年来, 燕河营盆地中生代沉积地层一直以1∶20万区域地质调查报告或地质志所厘定的早白垩世九佛堂组为基准。经过1∶5万区域地质调查工作, 从层位、岩性组合、层序、年代及生物组合等方面对该套地层进行了系统研究, 认为该地层与区域上九佛堂组与义县组指状交互关系不符, 而岩石组合和沉积旋回也与区域上九佛堂组难以对比。采集的叶肢介化石属于Yanjiestheria-Orthestheria属组合, 其壳饰特征在叶肢介演化史上属进步类型, 被认为指示早白垩世的时代。本文将义县组之上的这套河湖相沉积地层时代划归早白垩世晚期, 并依据岩性组合和沉积层序等特征将其对比为南天门组。 相似文献
6.
多伦地区晚中生代中酸性火山岩地球化学特征表明：区内中酸性火山岩属高钾-钾玄、碱性-钙碱性系列,具后碰撞火山岩特征;岩石轻重稀土分馏现象明显;Rb、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE)及Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素(HFSE)相对富集,Ba、Nb、Sr、P和Ti亏损;岩石锆石定年结果显示:满克头鄂博组流纹岩锆石年龄为163.2±2.1 Ma,属晚侏罗世;义县组粗面岩锆石年龄为144.2±1.4Ma,属早白垩世;岩浆起源为中-下地壳,部分存在地幔组分的混合。早期火山旋回中的岩石组合具有不同的岩浆来源,晚期火山旋回中的岩石组合具有相同的岩浆来源,岩浆演化特征以分离结晶作用为主。通过岩石化学和岩石地球化学特征对岩石形成的大地构造环境研究认为：满克头鄂博组到玛尼吐组位于碰撞后-火山弧构造环境,玛尼吐组到白音高老组位于火山弧-弧后伸展构造环境,白音高老组到义县组位于弧后伸展-裂谷构造环境。 相似文献
7.
中国辽宁西部早白垩世翼龙类化石非常丰富,其上部的九佛堂组翼龙类组合以含有丰富的无齿的古神翼龙科、朝阳翼龙科等进步类型而与下部的义县组翼龙类组合相区别。本文描述了辽宁西部建昌盆地九佛堂组一新的大型翼龙类化石,其以上下颌无齿、吻端指数为3.7、前颌骨背支细长且封闭鼻眶前孔背缘、很大的鼻眶前孔后端超过上下颌关节位置、轭骨的上颌骨突基部宽大而应被归入朝阳翼龙科(Chaoyangopteridae)神州翼龙属(Shenzhoupterus)。其以较大的体形(翼展2.05 m)、平直的上下颌咬合面、轭骨的眶后骨突较泪骨突长且基部略宽、第4～7颈椎长度依次减小等特征,区别于朝阳神州翼龙(Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis),而被命名为三亚神州翼龙(新种)(Shenzhoupterus sanyainus sp. nov.)。这是辽宁西部早白垩世翼展最大且不具牙齿的翼龙类属种,它的发现丰富了九佛堂组翼龙类组合内容,对认识朝阳翼龙科的骨骼形态与生态习性亦具有积极意义。 相似文献
8.
冀北滦平盆地大店子组中网雕饰叶肢介Clithrograpta属的发现及其意义 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
在深入研究滦平盆地大店子组叶肢介化石时,于该组上部首次发现了网雕饰叶肢介Clithrograpta属,产出层数多,个体数量大,种的分异度高,为冀北滦平盆地大店子组的地层划分与对比,正确建立冀北-辽西陆相侏罗-白垩系的地层格架,提供了关键而有力的古生物证据。根据这一发现和大北沟组至西瓜园组叶肢介化石组合序列,本区大店子组上部（3-4段）可与辽西建昌盆地“义县组”下部（原大新房子组）对比;证明辽西地区缺失相当于本区的大店子组下部（1-2段）地层,西瓜园组大体相当于辽西的义县组。 相似文献
9.
辽西义县组奔龙类化石一新种 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
在辽宁西部义县头台的义县组中新发现的1件奔龙类化石标本，显示出许多中国鸟龙属(Sinornithosaurus)所具有的特征，如上颌骨眶前窝侧面具有装饰性凹坑、前颌骨齿无边缘小锯齿、齿骨后缘二分叉、指节Ⅲ-1略长于指节Ⅲ-2的2倍、踱骨Ⅲ部分窄踱型形态等。但其头骨的部分骨骼与千禧中国鸟龙(S．millenii)有明显的区别：前颌骨主体部分相对较高，其长仅稍大于其高，前颌骨角大，前颌骨上颌突与鼻突均很长，上颌骨不参与外鼻孔的构成，上颌骨窗相对较小且为圆形，方颧骨上升突明显长于颧骨突，齿骨长高之比小等。此外，新标本肠骨的耻骨柄前后方向的宽度小于髋臼宽度。这些不同之处表明，义县头台的标本应为中国鸟龙属另一新种，将其命名为郝氏中国鸟龙(新种)(S．haoiana sp．nov.)。 相似文献
10.
对鹰嘴砬子组层型剖面进行了重新测制,系统采集了古生物化石。研究证明该组所产脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、植物和孢粉化石组合与Eosestheria-Epicharmeropsis-Lycoptera (EEL)组合为代表的热河生物群一致,代表了中国最东部的热河生物群化石产地,地质时代应为早白垩世,而不是前人划归的晚侏罗世。孢粉学和年代地层学研究资料进一步表明,鹰嘴砬子组地质时代应为早白垩世Hauterivian-Barremian期。鹰嘴砬子组区域上可与辽西义县组、冀北大店子组—西瓜园组及龙江盆地光华组对比。 相似文献
11.
以要路沟上平房-青石岩、上白庙-罗家沟和小郎家沟-三门店剖面为代表的建昌盆地义县组,自下而上分为5段：第一段主要为砂砾岩（要路沟层）;第二段为砂泥岩、页岩夹凝灰岩,其中包括上白庙层含Cypridea（C.）biventricostata-Yumenia luojiagouensis介形类亚组合带,罗家沟层产介形类Cypridea（C.）luanpingensis-Yumenia unidorsalta-Djungarica camarata亚组合带以及爬行类和鸟类等多门类化石,后狮沟里层以鱼类和介甲类化石为主;第三段岩性是中酸熔岩及其火山碎屑岩;第四段亦称前狮子沟层,以砂页岩为主,夹安山岩,含介形类Yumenia luojiagouensis-Jianchangella dorsicostata亚组合带;第五段为酸性火山岩.上述各层介形类亚组合统归该盆地义县组Cypridea（C.）biventricostata-Yumenia luojiagouensis-Djungarica camarata组合带,其时代属早白垩世早期.文中描述了介形类化石1新属7新种. 相似文献
12.
辽宁北部秀水盆地秀D1井孢粉组合及其地层意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
孢粉化石采自辽宁省北部秀水盆地的秀D1井,分析、鉴定和系统研究结果表明,来自秀D1井井深62.1~1089.7m的孢粉化石自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合,下部孢粉组合(井深703.85~1089.7m)以Osmundacidites-Klukisporites-Podocarpidites为代表,地质时代为晚侏罗世堤塘期(Tithonian),中部孢粉组合(井深381.5~699.3m)以Densoisporites-Cicatricosisporites-Piceaepollenites为代表,地质时代为早白垩世贝里阿斯期(Berriassian),上部孢粉组合(井深62.1~339m)以Cicatricosisporites-Impardecispora-Pinuspollenites为代表,地质时代为早白垩世凡兰吟期—欧特里夫期(Valanginian-Hauterivian)。秀D1井钻遇地层所含孢粉组合特征在区域上可以与冀北地区大北沟组,辽宁西部地区下白垩统义县组、九佛堂组,松辽盆地东南缘下白垩统火石岭组、沙河子组所产的孢粉组合对比。含孢粉组合地层时代的确定解决了井柱地层的划分,以及与区域地层的对比关系,同时为区域地层古生物研究提供了翔实的基础资料。 相似文献
13.
A new genus, Cretasyne gen. nov., in the family Lasiosynidae, with two species C. lata sp. nov. and C. longa sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. These fossils are the first record of the family from the Yixian Formation and provide significant information on lasiosynid morphology and diversity. The fossil record of Lasiosynidae is also reviewed. 相似文献
14.
15.
New Material of Sinosauropteryx （Theropoda： Compsognathidae） from Western Liaoning, Chinae 
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下载免费PDF全文 JI Shu＇an GAO Chunling LIU Jinyuan MENG Qingjin JI Qiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(2):177-182
An incomplete specimen of Sinosauropteryx prima collected from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the Dawangzhangzi area in Lingyuan, western Liaoning is depicted. It represents the first systematically described material of this feathered compsognathid outside the Sihetun area in Beipiao. This specimen shows some diagnostic features of Sinosauropteryx prima, such as the very short forelimb in relation to hindlimb with the length ratio of humerus plus radius to femur plus tibia just around 30%, and the long and massive first manual ungual subequal in length to radius. The presence of Sinosauropteryx prima only at Sihetun and Dawangzhangzi supports the suggestion that the fossil-bearing beds in the Sihetun and Dawangzhangzi areas are equivalent to each other within the Yixian Formation. 相似文献
16.
JI Shu''an GAO Chunling LIU Jinyuan MENG Qingjin JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Dalian Natural History Museum Dalian Liaoning 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(2)
An incomplete specimen of Sinosauropteryx prima collected from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the Dawangzhangzi area in Lingyuan, western Liaoning is depicted. It represents the first systematically described material of this feathered compsognathid outside the Sihetun area in Beipiao. This specimen shows some diagnostic features of Sinosauropteryx prima, such as the very short forelimb in relation to hindlimb with the length ratio of humerus plus radius to femur plus tibia just around 30%, and the long and massive first manual ungual subequal in length to radius. The presence of Sinosauropteryx prima only at Sihetun and Dawangzhangzi supports the suggestion that the fossil-bearing beds in the Sihetun and Dawangzhangzi areas are equivalent to each other within the Yixian Formation. 相似文献
17.
Oxyporinae is a distinct staphylinid subfamily characterized by a large body, remarkably long and projecting mandibles, and large, crescent-shaped terminal labial palpomeres. Previously, only three compression fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in China were known for the subfamily from the Mesozoic Era. This study describes a remarkable new species, Oxyporus cretaceous sp. nov., based on a single specimen in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. This finding is the earliest record of Oxyporinae preserved as amber inclusion. The well preserved mouthparts suggest that mycophagous feeding habits had already been acquired by the mid-Cretaceous. 相似文献
18.
研究白垩纪植物演替与气候变化对认识现今生态环境形成过程与演变具有重要意义。开鲁盆地义县组孢粉学的研究不仅丰富了该地区早白垩世孢粉学资料,也为该地区早白垩世地层划分与对比提供了依据。通过对开鲁盆地东北部钱家店凹陷钻孔QIV-65-136底部泥岩样品分析,获得了丰富的孢粉化石,并建立了Cyathidites-Pinuspollenites-Protoconiferus组合。根据典型分子时代分布、重要种属含量上的变化及横向组合对比,确定其地质时代为早白垩世早期,层位相当于义县组。孢粉植物群反映的植被景观为在湖盆的周围山地生长着松科高大乔木,伴有罗汉松科、杉科及少量苏铁科、南美杉科、掌鳞杉科等植物,林下、湖岸地区生长着桫椤科、紫萁科及莎草蕨科等蕨类植物。整体面貌以针叶植物为主,所处的气候环境为湿润的暖温带-亚热带。 相似文献
19.
内蒙古苏尼特左旗下二叠统哲斯组沉积组合类型及沉积序列演化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过岩相类型、沉积组合、垂向序列分析等方面的研究，对内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区下二叠统哲斯组的沉积环境及沉积演化序列进行了讨论。认为哲斯组下段主要为冲积扇－辫状河沉积以及泻湖－水下扇重力流沉积；哲斯组上段主要为滨岸（潮坪）沉积、泻湖－水下重力流沉积以及浅海沉积。哲斯组由下段的陆相砂砾岩、砂泥岩转变为上段海陆交互相的碎屑岩夹少量碳酸盐岩反映了一个小的海侵过程。 相似文献
20.
The Ebisutoge–Fukuda tephra (Plio‐Pleistocene boundary, central Japan) has a well‐recorded eruptive style, history, magnitude and resedimentation styles, despite the absence of a correlative volcanic edifice. This tephra was ejected by an extremely large‐magnitude and complex volcanic eruption producing more than 400 km3 total volume of volcanic materials (volcanic explosivity index=7), which extended more than 300 km away from the probable eruption centre. Remobilization of these ejecta occurred progressively after the completion of a series of eruptions, resulting in thick resedimented volcaniclastic deposits in spatially separated fluvial basins, more than 100 km from the source. Facies analysis of resedimented volcaniclastic deposits was carried out in distal fluvial basins. The distal tephra (≈100–300 km from the source) comprises two different lithofacies, primary pyroclastic‐fall deposits and reworked volcaniclastic deposits. The resedimented volcaniclastic succession shows five distinct sedimentary facies, interpreted as debris‐flow deposits (facies A), hyperconcentrated flow deposits (facies B), channel‐fill deposits (facies C), floodplain deposits with abundant flood‐flow deposits (facies D) and floodplain deposits with rare flood deposits (facies E). Resedimented volcaniclastic materials at distal locations originated from unconsolidated deposits of a climactic, large ignimbrite‐forming eruption. Factors controlling inter‐ and intrabasinal facies changes are (1) temporal change of introduced volcaniclastic materials into the basin; (2) proximal–distal relationship; and (3) distribution pattern of pyroclastic‐flow deposits relative to drainage basins. Thus, studies of the Ebisutoge–Fukuda tephra have led to a depositional model of volcaniclastic resedimentation in distal areas after extremely large‐magnitude eruptions, an aspect of volcaniclastic deposits that has often been ignored or poorly understood. 相似文献