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1.
20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局 总被引：105，自引：19，他引：86
土地利用/土地覆被变化（LUCC）是人类活动与自然环境相互作用最直接的表现形式,本文采用相同空间分辨率的卫星遥感信息源和相同的技术方法,对中国1980 年代末到2010 年土地利用变化数据进行定期更新。在此基础上,提出并发展土地利用动态区划的方法,研究土地利用变化的空间格局与时空特征。我们发现：1990-2010 年的20 年间,中国土地利用变化表现出明显的时空差异。“南减北增,总量基本持衡,新增耕地的重心逐步由东北向西北移动”是耕地变化的基本特征;“扩展提速,东部为重心,向中西部蔓延”是城乡建设用地变化的基本特征;“林地前减后增,荒漠前增后减,草地持续减少”是非人工土地利用类型变化的主要特征。20 世纪末与21 世纪初两个10 年相比,中国土地利用变化空间格局出现了一些新特征,原有的13 个土地利用变化区划单元演变为15 个单元,且部分区划单元边界发生变化。主要变化格局特征为黄淮海地区、东南部沿海地区、长江中游地区和四川盆地城镇工矿用地呈现明显的加速扩张态势;北方地区耕地开垦重心由东北地区和内蒙古东部转向西北绿洲农业区;东北地区旱作耕地持续转变为水田;内蒙古农牧交错带南部、黄土高原和西南山地退耕还林还草效果初显。近20 年间,尽管气候变化对北方地区的耕地变化有一定的影响,但政策调控和经济驱动仍然是导致我国土地利用变化及其时空差异的主要原因。2000 年后的第一个10 年,土地利用格局变化的人为驱动因素已由单向国土开发为主,转变为开发与保护并重。在空间格局变化的分析方法方面,应用“动态区划法”开展世纪之交两个10 年中国LUCC空间格局变化的分析,有效揭示了20 年来中国LUCC“格局的变化过程”,即动态区划边界的推移、区划单元内部特征的变化与单元的消长等;以及“变化过程的格局”,即土地利用变化过程与特征的分阶段区域差异,清晰刻画了LUCC动态区划中区划单元的消长,单元边界的变动,以及前后10 年的变化强度特征,揭示了土地利用“格局”与“过程”之间的交替转化规律,以及不同类型和区域的变化原因,证明了该分析方法的有效性。 相似文献
2.
华北土地利用十年动态特征分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,分析华北地区十年的土地利用动态特征。华北地区耕地增加,以旱地为主,主要分布于河北、河南;林草地减少,尤其是草地的减少集中于内蒙古,表现为耕地大量占用草地;城镇增加迅速,主要表现在城镇用地占用耕地,以农村居民点发展快;华北土地利用转换以耕地变城镇、农村居民点与工矿用地为主。按土地利用变化分区,华北处于两个区:黄淮海耕地-城镇转换区,主要表现在河北旱地变为农村居民点,河南、北京、天津旱地变城镇。华北、黄土高原农牧交错带草地-耕地转换区,集中在内蒙古草地变耕地。从两个时间段看,华北土地利用20世纪80年代末到90年代中期耕地增加速度明显大于华北土地利用90年代中期到90年代末。华北土地利用90年代中期到90年代末城乡、居民工矿用地面积的增加幅度比华北土地利用80年代末到90年代中快。 相似文献
3.
不同土壤侵蚀背景下土地利用的时空演变 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究土地利用、土地覆盖的时空变化，本文在遥感技术与GIS技术的支持下，对不同土壤侵蚀背景下土地利用的时间动态特征和空间动态特征进行了定量分析。具体表现为通过空间分析，对中国近五年来不同土壤侵蚀背景下的土地利用类型，如耕地状况、森林植被覆盖、城镇工矿建设用地等时空特征进行了动态分析。研究结果表明：我国土壤侵蚀以水力、风力、冻融侵蚀为主，水力侵蚀以微度水力侵蚀为主，在微度水力侵蚀区，耕地、草地、建设用地面积增加，其中耕地增加最多，林地、未利用地面积逐渐减少。风力侵蚀以剧烈风力侵蚀为主，在微度风力侵蚀区，草地面积减少，而未利用地的面积增加；在轻度、中度、强度风力侵蚀区，耕地、林地、未利用地用地面积增加，草地面积减少。在冻融侵蚀区，草地面积有显著增加，而未利用地面积减小。 相似文献
4.
新疆地区近10年来土地利用变化时空特征与动因分析 总被引：40，自引：13，他引：27
通过利用遥感、地理信息系统等技术方法,获取了新疆地区20世纪80年代末到90年代末的土地利用变化时空数据,并对其变化过程进行了分析,揭示了近10年来新疆土地利用变化的时空特征。结果显示：新疆地区近10年来耕地总面积增加明显;草地总面积减少明显;城乡工矿居民用地扩张显著;林地、水域面积有所增加：未利用土地各种类型面积有增有减,其中沙地面积平均每年扩大84．5km^2,其扩展速率比20世纪50至70年代下降了一半,新疆局部荒漠地区生态环境有所改善。新疆地区耕地面积的普遍开垦扩大与撂荒弃耕现象并存,使得新疆绝大部分地区成为20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化区划中“西北农田开垦与撂荒交错区的重要部分,农田的开垦与撂荒成为新疆地区土地利用变化的显著时空特征。政策、经济及气候变化是导致新疆地区十地利用动态变化的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古高原浑善达克沙地区土地利用与覆被变化及退化趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
浑善达克沙地及其周边地区是我国北方沙尘暴多发区之一,该区的土地利用与覆被变化反映了一系列的环境与社会经济问题。基于卫星遥感信息和空间数据处理技术,并结合地面实地调查资料、气象观测和社会经济数据,得出了20世纪80年代末至90年代末这一地区土地利用与覆被变化情况。结果表明:耕地、建设用地和未利用地明显增加,草地和水域减少,变化面积最大的是草地,有944.42 km2的草地转变为其他用地类型;从变化速率来看,最快的是建设用地,增加了19.8%,其次是耕地,增加10.2%。土地利用转变的主要类型是草地向耕地和未利用地的转变,及耕地向建设用地的转变;呈退化趋势的土地面积近3倍于恢复土地面积。就土地利用与覆被变化的社会经济背景进行了深入分析。 相似文献
6.
20世纪90年代无定河流域土地利用的时空变化 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
本文基于ArcGIS平台,以LandsatTM影像解译得到的三期土地利用数据为基础,结合统计分析工作,对无定河流域20世纪90年代土地利用数量、类型及其变化进行了分析。分析得出,前后2个5年间,无定河流域耕地、林地和未利用土地都是先减少而后稍有增加,草地则是先增加后稍有减少。在10年尺度上土地利用总的动态特征是,耕地与未利用土地面积减少,林地、草地面积增加。前5年无定河流域综合土地利用动态度为0.85%,未利用土地和草地的年变化率较大,耕地与水域年变化率较低。后5年无定河流域综合土地利用动态度为0.3%,林地与未利用土地年变化率较大,耕地与水域变化率较小。最后引入单一土地利用类型相对变化率反映出无定河流域土地利用变化存在明显的区域差异。 相似文献
7.
20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析 总被引：358，自引：38，他引：320
在土地利用变化时空信息平台的支持下,本文对我国20世纪80年代末到90年代末的土地利用变化过程进行了全面分析,揭示了我国10年来土地利用变化的时空规律,分析了这些规律形成的主要政策、经济和自然成因。研究表明,20世纪90年代,全国耕地总面积呈北增南减、总量增加的趋势,增量主要来自对北方草地和林地的开垦。林业用地面积呈现总体减少的趋势,减少的林地主要分布于传统林区,南方水热充沛区造林效果明显。中国城乡建设用地整体上表现为持续扩张的态势。90年代后5年总体增速减缓,西部增速加快。20世纪90年代我国的土地利用变化表现出明显的时空差异,政策调控和经济驱动是导致土地利用变化及其时空差异的主要原因。据此,本文提出在今后的全国土地利用规划中,应充分考虑我国现代土地利用变化的区域分异规律。同时,在生态环境恢复与建设规划中也应强调自然地理地带的针对性,同时要改变传统的资源规划与管理思路,在基础设施日益完备的条件下,最大程度地发挥跨区域土地资源优化配置的综合优势 相似文献
8.
中国北方农牧交错带土地利用变化驱动力的尺度效应分析 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
“可塑性面积单元问题”是对面积数据进行空间统计分析时不可回避的问题。该文以我国北方农牧交错带土地利用变化驱动力研究为契机,探讨了由于“可塑性面积单元问题”的存在而导致的土地利用变化驱动力研究中的尺度效应问题。通过构建土地利用变化驱动力模型,探究了20世纪80年代以来我国北方农牧交错带土地利用变化的驱动机制。研究表明,反映驱动因子与土地利用变化(耕地扩张与草地收缩)关系的Exponent Beta系数随研究尺度的变化而发生显著变化,反映了在研究土地利用驱动力时进行多尺度分析的必要性。 相似文献
9.
基于3S的近15 a新疆LUCC时空变化研究及分析 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
以20世纪80年代末期新疆土地利用数据库为基础,以2004—2005年度中巴资源卫星影像数据为信息源,结合多层环境要素数据库、野外定点调查分析等数据,采用多要素综合分析的解译方法,通过人机交互式解译,综合判读并提取了20世纪80年代末期至2005年近15 a来新疆LUCC时空数据。从现状、动态变化等方面对LUCC信息进行定量和定性的分析,并运用土地利用动态度进一步说明了新疆的土地利用/土地覆盖变化。结果显示,新疆的耕地、林地、水域、建设地面积都有所增加,耕地的年变化率最大;未利用地面积有所减少,草地面积减少明显。 相似文献
10.
洞庭湖区近20年土地利用/覆盖变化的时空特征 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
在中国资源与环境时空数据库的支持下,利用20世纪70年代末期、80年代末期和90年代末期获取的陆地资源卫星图像和GIS分析方法,对洞庭湖区近20年的土地利用/覆盖变化的时空特征进行了研究。结果表明,变化比较显著的地类有3种:耕地减少了1 97%,各类建设用地总计增加了14 88%,水域面积增加的幅度为8 77%。耕地与水域相互之间的转变比较频繁。以80年代末为界,前后2个10年间,建设用地、水域和草地的面积在2个时期均持续增加,耕地、林地的面积都持续减少。后期土地利用的动态度大于前期;前期动态度最大的县域有岳阳市、沅江县和汉寿县,后期动态度最大的则为石首市、津市和岳阳市,全部为市级行政区或县改市区。 相似文献
11.
Changes in intensity of wind erosion at different stages of degradation development in grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
F.-R. Li L.-F. Kang H. Zhang L.-Y. Zhao Y. Shirato I. Taniyama 《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,62(4):567-585
Overgrazing by increasing numbers of livestock in the Horqin Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, China, has led to extensive degradation of the region's sandy steppes. Degraded grasslands are generally classified into four main types: fixed (least degradation), semi-fixed (light degradation), semi-shifting (moderate degradation) and shifting (severe degradation) sandy lands, representing four stages of degradation development. An experiment was conducted in the Horqin Sandy Land to investigate changes in intensity of wind erosion at different stages of degradation development in sandy grasslands and determine the extent to which surface wind erosion was affected by surface-related soil and vegetation factors through their effects on surface roughness length and wind regimes. Daily wind erosion rate was monitored at four sites of degraded grassland over an erosive period from 1 April to 10 June in 2001. Soil and vegetation properties for these sites were also measured twice: one in mid-April prior to the establishment of vegetation and again in mid-June after the establishment of vegetation. Relationships between surface roughness length and soil and vegetation variables were examined at each of the two stages of vegetation development. This study shows striking differences in the intensity of surface wind erosion among sites. The daily wind erosion rate in the fixed sandy land was, on average, only about 1/5 of the rate in the semi-fixed sandy land, 1/14 of the rate in the semi-shifting sandy land and 1/47 of the rate in the shifting sandy land suggesting a much higher resistance of the fixed sandy land to wind erosion compared to other sites. Differences in rate of wind erosion between sites were attributed to between-site differences in soil and vegetation properties that exerted significant effects on wind regimes by altering surface roughness length. At the pre-establishment stage of vegetation, surface roughness length was determined by a combination of litter amount on the ground, soil surface hardness and soil moisture content, with litter amount explaining the greatest proportion of the variation. At the post-establishment stage of vegetation, the development of the surface roughness effects was mainly governed by vegetation characteristics (vegetation cover in particular), while the effects of soil surface hardness and soil moisture on surface roughness length are likely to be masked by vegetation effects. The findings suggest that better management practices of restoring vegetation in degraded grasslands are required to reduce soil erosion losses and achieve a sustainable livestock production in the Horqin Sandy Land, an ecologically fragile sandy land ecosystem. 相似文献
12.
Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s简 总被引：111，自引：20，他引：91
LIU Jiyuan KUANG Wenhui ZHANG Zengxiang XU Xinliang QIN Yuanwei NING Jia ZHOU Wancun ZHANG Shuwen LI Rendong YAN Changzhen WU Shixin SHI Xuezheng JIANG Nan YU Dongsheng PAN Xianzhang CHI Wenfeng 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(2):195-210
Land-use/land-cover changes （LUCCs） have links to both human and nature inter- actions. China＇s Land-Use/cover Datasets （CLUDs） were updated regularly at 5-year inter- vals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TM／ETM＋ im- ages. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as fol- lows. Land-use changes （LUCs） across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years （1990-2010）. The area of cropland change de- creased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost un- changed. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included （1） an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin; （2） shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China; （3） continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and （4） effective- ness of the ＂Grain for Green＂ project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland, policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century, the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use pat- terns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation. The ＂dynamic regionalization method＂ was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries, the internal characteristics of zones, and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed ＂the pattern of the change process,＂ namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning, variations in unit boundaries, and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the ＂pattern＂ and ＂process＂ of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored. 相似文献
13.
《寒旱区科学》2019,(6)
Vegetation plays a significant role in global terrestrial ecosystems and in combating desertification. We analyzed vegetation change in Inner Mongolia of northern China using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) from 1998 to 2013, which is an important composite of Chinese National Ecological Security Shelter. The correlation between vegetation growth and drought quantified using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) was also explored. Results show that vegetation in most of the study area has been rehabilitated to various degrees, especially in regions such as most of the Horqin Sandy Land, eastern Ordos Plateau, Hetao Plain, as well as the middle-northern Da Hinggan Ling Mountains. Vegetation improvement in spring was significant in most of the study area. Vegetation degradation was centrally distributed in Xilingol grassland close to the Sino-Mongolia border and abandoned croplands in Ulanqab Meng. Vegetation change trends and seasonal differences varied among different vegetation types. The biggest vegetation variation in the growing season was the belt-like distribution along those grasslands close to the precipitation isoline of 200 mm and the Sino-Mongolia border, but also variation in summer and autumn exist in obvious spatial differences between grasslands and forests. Drought largely influenced vegetation change of Inner Mongolia at 6-month scale or 12-month scale, except for forests of eastern Hunlun Buir Meng and deserts or gobi deserts of western Alxa Meng. Moreover,drought in the previous winter and early spring seasons had a lag effect on growing-season vegetation. Desert grassland was the most easily affected by drought in the study area. Anthropogenic activities have made great progress in improving local vegetation under the lasting drought background. 相似文献
14.
Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns, and caus-es of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
LIU Jiyuan KUANG Wenhui ZHANG Zengxiang XU Xinliang QIN Yuanwei NING Jia ZHOU Wancun ZHANG Shuwen LI Rendong YAN Changzhen WU Shixin SHI Xuezheng JIANG Nan YU Dongsheng PAN Xianzhang CHI Wenfeng 《地理学报》2014,24(2):195-210
Land-use/land-cover changes (LUCCs) have links to both human and nature interactions. China's Land-Use/cover Datasets (CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year intervals from the late 1980s to 2010,with standard procedures based on Landsat TM\ETM+ images. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics,differences,and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows. Land-use changes (LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years (1990-2010). The area of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north,but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly,were mainly distributed in the east,and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first,and then increased,but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included (1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region,the southeastern coastal areas,the midstream area of the Yangtze River,and the Sichuan Basin;(2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China;(3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields;and (4) effectiveness of the "Grain for Green" project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia,the Loess Plateau,and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades,although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland,policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century,the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation.The "dynamic regionalization method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries,the internal characteristics of zones,and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning,variations in unit boundaries,and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored. 相似文献
15.
中蒙俄经济走廊穿越蒙古国主要生态类型区,本文对沿线的达尔汗、乔伊尔、赛因山达、扎门乌德4个观测区的风沙流进行研究,研究结果表明：① 风沙流水平输沙量均随高度增加而降低,两者最优拟合函数随下垫面变化而不同,达尔汗和乔伊尔为指数函数,而赛因山达和扎门乌德为幂函数。② 各观测区年输沙通量空间分异明显,其中乔伊尔最大,达尔汗其次,扎门乌德再次,赛因山达最小,这与传统认知有较大不同。③ 风沙流输沙通量空间差异与多种因素有关。乔伊尔处于海洋气流影响尾闾区,春季干旱发生频率高,正值风季,风速较大,风蚀强烈;其他地区春季干旱发生频率相对较低,其中达尔汗地处自然条件较好的北部河谷区,但由于农田开垦和过度放牧,风蚀较为强烈,而扎门乌德和赛因山达风季风速相对较小,且放牧强度较低,风蚀较轻。本文的研究结论对蒙古国因地制宜开展风沙灾害防治和荒漠化治理具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
16.
中国风蚀景观面积变化与 地表风场强度的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用遥感调查的1995－2000年中国土地利用成果进行中国风蚀景观变化过程的分类，对不同风蚀景观发展过程进行了地理分区。探讨风蚀景观变化的方向和速度，特别是土地发生风蚀沙漠化的趋势。在中国近400个气象站点1999年每日4次观测数据的基础上，进行风向频率、风场强度及风能参数的计算，分析风速频率Weibull分布的形状参数k和幅度参数c。利用GIS方法生成覆盖中国的1km网格，对风场强度等数据进行空间化处理，生成中国地表风速空间分布数据。在此基础上，分析1999年风速变化状况并探讨风场的变化过程。利用RWEQ风蚀预报模型中的计算方法生成了的风场强度指数。结合风场强度数据，进行风蚀区内风蚀景观变化类型分布数据的对比，指出强风场的存在促使中国西北广大干旱区的草地和耕地遭到破坏，并探讨了风能对土壤风力侵蚀和风蚀景观的驱动过程。同时，在分析风能与风蚀景观空间分布关系的基础上探讨了降低土壤风蚀的措施。最后指出了建立风速和风向驱动下的不同景观的土壤颗粒侵蚀和堆积量模型的重要性。 相似文献
17.
Leng Shuying Zheng Du Institute of Geography CAS Beijing People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(4)
Ｉ.ＬａｎｄＤｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＩｔｓＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓＴｈｅｆａｒｍｉｎｇｐａｓｔｏｒａｌｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｓｅｍｉａｒｉｄｌａｎｄｏｆｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｔｙｐｉｃａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆｌａｎｄｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎ,ａｎｄａｌｓｏｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｓａｎｄｙｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ.ＴｈｅｅｘｔｅｎｔｉｓｆｒｏｍＨｏｒｑｉｎＳａｎｄｙＬａｎｄｉｎｔｈ… 相似文献
18.
基于logistic回归模型的农牧交错区土地利用变化驱动力分析——以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：28
本文以农牧交错带的典型区域——内蒙古翁牛特旗为例,考虑土地利用变化过程的空间变量,建立了不同土地利用变化过程的logistic回归模型。结果表明:模型中转为耕地的主要解释变量是到农村居民点的距离和农业气候区;转为草地的主要解释变量是到农村居民点的距离、土壤表层有机质含量和到乡镇中心的距离;转为林地的主要解释变量是到农村居民点的距离和海拔;空间异质性和土地利用变化过程的时间变量共同影响着使用logistic回归模型来解释土地利用变化驱动力的能力;通过对草地logistic回归模型的检验,得出空间统计模型能较好地揭示不同土地利用变化过程的主要驱动力及其作用机理。 相似文献
19.
Wind erosion is a major contributor to land degradation and desertification. According to the Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation, the dryland territories of Mongolia are significantly affected by wind erosion. We used the wind erosion equation model in an ArcGIS environment to evaluate wind erosion across Mongolia. The individual factors of the wind erosion equation were parameterized using the following datasets: (a) monthly climatic data from 45 meteorological stations; (b) 16-day composites of MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data; (c) a SRTM DEM with a 90 m spatial resolution; and (d) the soil map of Mongolia. The results revealed the significant influence of aridity on wind erosion. The desert and semi-desert ecosystems were more vulnerable to wind erosion, hence more affected. The map of wind erosion revealed three major wind erosion regions where the maximum soil loss of 15–27 t/(hm2?a) was observed. In general, the wind erosion potentials for the entire country of Mongolia are 15–27 t/(hm2?a) in the deserts and semi-deserts, 10–15 t/(hm2?a) in the dry steppes and 5–10 t/(hm2?a) in the steppe regions. 相似文献
20.
Being a key ecological security barrier and production base for grassland animal husbandry in China,the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure in North China directly affects grassland degradation and restoration,thereby impacting grassland ecosystem services.This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in grassland vegetation coverage,forage supply,and the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure from 2000 to 2015 in North China.We then discuss the spatial pattern of grassland ecological conservation under the impacts of grassland degradation and restoration,and livestock-carrying pressure.Over the last 16 years,the total grassland area in North China decreased by about 16,000 km2,with vegetation coverage degraded by 6.7％ of the grasslands but significantly restored by another 5.4％ of grasslands.The provisioning of forage by natural grassland mainly increased over time,with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.3 kg/ha,but livestock-carrying pressure also increased continuously.The livestock-carrying pressure index without any supplementary feeding reached as high as 3.8.Apart from the potential livestock-carrying capacity in northeastern Inner Mongolia and the central Tibetan Plateau,most regions in North China are currently overloaded.Considering the actual supplementary feeding during the cold season,the livestock-carrying pressure index is about 3.1,with the livestock-carrying pressure mitigated in central and eastern Inner Mongolia.Assuming full supplementary feeding in the cold season,livestock-carrying pressure index will fall to 1.9,with the livestock-carrying pressure alleviated significantly in Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau.Finally,we propose different conservation and development strategies to balance grassland ecological conservation and animal husbandry production in different regions of protected areas,pastoral areas,farming-pastoral ecotone,and farming areas,according to the grassland ecological protection patterns. 相似文献