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1.
Environmental impact of the abandoned coal mines on the surface water and the groundwater quality in the south of Bochum,Germany 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from 20 locations, situated in the vicinity of the abandoned coal mine fields south of Bochum. The main objective of this research is to assess the environmental impacts of these mines on the surface water and groundwater quality as well as to determine the factors controlling these impacts. The water samples were collected from stream sources, groundwater, surface water and engineered channels during April 2011. Physicochemical parameters were measured during fieldwork. Water samples were analysed for major ions and aluminium, iron, manganese, ferrous iron, zinc and hydrogen sulphide. The hydrochemistry of the surface water and the groundwater of this area is characterized by near-neutral to alkaline conditions, represented by predominance of calcium bicarbonate and sometimes calcium sulphate water types. Hence, the surface water and the groundwater quality in this region is significantly affected by abandoned coal mines. These effects resulted from oxidation of iron disulphide minerals that release iron, sulphate and hydrogen. The presence of carbonate-rich materials, which contained within the landfilling materials, has led the releasing of calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate. These materials could be the main source responsible for raising the alkalinity of the affected water. The environmental hazard of the abandoned coal mines in this area is related to the high concentration of Fe especially in the groundwater that possess the highest Fe concentration compared to other water sources: the Fe is 18 times larger than the allowed value in drinking water. Significant spatial variations of the water pollution were noted in this study. For this reason, the environmental hazards of the abandoned coal mines in Germany should be considered at closure of coal mines in the near future. Otherwise, these mines will be sources of environmental threats unless all necessary measures are taken to reduce their impact. 相似文献
2.
土地利用影响下的岩溶地下水水化学变化特征 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
为了进一步探讨土地利用方式与地下水水质的关系,在湖南湘西峒河流域采集了包括地下水和地表水的131个样品,在室内进行简分析或全分析,并现场测量了水样的p H、温度和电导率。依据土地利用方式和污染来源将峒河流域的岩溶地下水划分为3种类型: 第一类,不受耕地和居民点影响的岩溶地下水;第二类,受耕地但不受居民点影响的岩溶地下水;第三类,受居民点影响的岩溶地下水。将三类岩溶地下水中K+ 、Na+ 、Cl- 、SO2-4 和NO-3 的浓度从大到小放在一个坐标系中比较,结果显示第三类岩溶地下水的5种离子浓度最大,第二类中等,第一类最低,表明土地利用方式对岩溶地下水水质影响明显。在空间分布上,岩溶地下水离子浓度具有东部和东南、西北较高的特点,表现为一些泉水遭到明显的污染,与这些地方土地利用类型以水田、旱地和农村居民点为主,即与农耕施肥和生活垃圾排放有关。虽然居民点或耕地等土地利用类型目前还没有致使地下水水质超过饮用水标准,但是流域内的饮水安全问题不容忽视。 相似文献
3.
Geophysical and hydrochemical surveys were used to investigate the hydrogeological conditions in one of the Río Sucio microbasins, in central Nicaragua. Zones of vertical structures (i.e. fractures and quartz veins) and weathering were mapped using Continuous Vertical Electrical Soundings (CVES), as such zones are of major importance for groundwater transport. Water from the springs was analysed to determine concentrations of major ions and heavy metals. Low ion concentrations and 18O analyses indicate that the springs occur close to their recharge areas and there is a relatively rapid groundwater circulation. Mercury (Hg) content in the springs was low, while comparatively high amounts of lead (Pb) were found. The results presented here demonstrate the important function of weathering and tectonics in the occurrence of groundwater systems in the basin. Hg and Pb found in the springs’ water reveal the existence of an increase in pollution sources disseminating in the area. More than 100 years of using mercury in the gold-mining industry and releasing wastes into rivers has affected water quality and ecosystems. Further investigations are needed in this area to determine the groundwater vulnerability to this pollution as this resource may be needed in the future. 相似文献
4.
Assessment of interconnection between surface water and groundwater in Sawa Lake area,southern Iraq,using stable isotope technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Interaction between surface water represented by the Euphrates River, natural springs, and Sawa Lake with groundwater (11 wells) in southern Iraq was investigated in this study. Water samples were collected for hydrochemistry and stable isotope (2H and 18O) analysis. Sampling of water from determined stations (10 stations along the Euphrates, 3 springs, and Sawa Lake) were carried out during two stages; the first was in October 2013(dry season) and the second one was in March 2014 (wet season). The aim of the research is to assess the interaction of groundwater–surface water, which includes Al-Atshan River (branch of the Euphrates River), Sawa Lake, and the groundwater in the study area by using hydrochemistry and stable isotope techniques. The results indicate that surface waters have a different type of water from that of groundwater. In δ 2H and δ 18O diagrams, all groundwater, springs, and Sawa Lake waters are plotted below the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL) indicating the influence of evaporation processes and seasonal variation. The LMWL deviates by a d-excess about +13.71 toward the East Mediterranean meteoric water line (EMWL) indicating that the origin of the vapor source is the Mediterranean Sea. The river water has different isotopic compositions from that of groundwater, springs, and Sawa Lake. The final conclusion is that there is no clear influence of the groundwater on the river water while there is an intermixing between the groundwater in the different locations in the study area. 相似文献
5.
Effects of historical mining activities on surface water and groundwater - an example from northwest Arizona 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Ulrike Rösner 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(4):224-230
The focus of this research was to determine the impact of abandoned mines on surface water and groundwater in the historical
mining districts of the Cerbat Mountains, Arizona. The surface water in the mining areas was found to be contaminated by various
combinations and concentrations of heavy metals. Elevated arsenic, cadmium, and iron concentrations were detected in most
surface-water samples, while lead, copper, and zinc contamination differed from region to region, depending on the ore mined.
The groundwater was seriously polluted by arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc, iron, and manganese in the immediate vicinity of mines
that processed ore on the site, such as the Tennessee Mine near Chloride. Chloride's groundwater, however, showed no evidence
of contamination. Three possible explanations are discussed: immobilization of the heavy metals in the soil by chemical reactions
and adsorption, dilution effects due to the rainy season in spring, or the existence of different groundwater systems.
Received: 17 September 1996 · Accepted: 14 May 1997 相似文献
6.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(4):614-624
Water samples (springs, creeks, mine adits) from different former mining districts of the Harz Mountains and the nearby Kupferschiefer (copper shale) basin of Sangerhausen were analysed for major ions and trace metals. Due to more intensive water rock interactions including the ore minerals, the mine water concentrations of main components and trace metals are generally higher compared to non mining affected surface waters of the mountain range. Furthermore, the content of major ions in mine water is enriched by mixing processes with saline waters from Permian layers in the Kupferschiefer district and at the deeper levels of the mines in the Upper Harz Mountains. The waters of the different mining districts can be distinguished by trace metal occurrences and concentrations derived from the different ore bodies. Water from the Kupferschiefer mines shows the highest Na, Cl, Cu, Mo and U concentrations, whereas a combination of elevated As and Se concentrations is typical for most of the samples from the mines around St. Andreasberg. However, there are exceptions, and some water samples of all the investigated mining districts do not follow these general trends. Despite the influence of mining activities and ore mineralisation, hydrochemical effects due to rain water dilution can be seen in most of the waters. According to the elevation of the mountain range, higher precipitation rates decrease the ion concentrations in the waters of springs, creeks and mine adits. 相似文献
7.
Geophysical and hydrochemical surveys were used to investigate the hydrogeological conditions in one of the Río Sucio microbasins, in central Nicaragua. Zones of vertical structures (i.e. fractures and quartz veins) and weathering were mapped using Continuous Vertical Electrical Soundings (CVES), as such zones are of major importance for groundwater transport. Water from the springs was analysed to determine concentrations of major ions and heavy metals. Low ion concentrations and 18O analyses indicate that the springs occur close to their recharge areas and there is a relatively rapid groundwater circulation. Mercury (Hg) content in the springs was low, while comparatively high amounts of lead (Pb) were found. The results presented here demonstrate the important function of weathering and tectonics in the occurrence of groundwater systems in the basin. Hg and Pb found in the springs’ water reveal the existence of an increase in pollution sources disseminating in the area. More than 100 years of using mercury in the gold-mining industry and releasing wastes into rivers has affected water quality and ecosystems. Further investigations are needed in this area to determine the groundwater vulnerability to this pollution as this resource may be needed in the future.The online version of the original article can be found at 相似文献
8.
As hydrogeological conditions of coal field in North China are complicated, coal mine water hazards have been occurring frequently.
Nearly 80% of coal mines are affected by Ordovician and Permo-Carboniferous Karst water. According to rough statistics, 200
incidents of water inrush have occurred since 1950, 1,500 persons have died, and there is an economic loss of 3 billion Yuan
(RMB). The climate of North China belongs to drought or semi-drought zone. So the recharge amount of ground water by infiltration
of precipitation is limited. Stronger coal mine water drainage has brought a series of environmental problems, such as water
resource and lots of famous Karst springs exhausted, surface collapse emerged, mine water contaminated. Coal mine water hazards
are so serious that the economic benefit of coal mines is dropping. Sustainable development of coal mines is affected. So,
preventing coal mine water hazards and protecting geological environment are essential. This thesis focuses on preventing
coal mine water hazards technologies. The technologies include four aspects: exploration of hydrogeological conditions; prediction
and forecast of water inrush; mining under safe water pressure; and sealing off groundwater by grouting. 相似文献
9.
黄河流域中上游矿区煤?水矛盾突出,煤炭开采对地下水环境造成一定的破坏。基于此,以鄂尔多斯盆地北部侏罗纪煤田榆神府矿区为研究区,在野外调查、数据分析、室内测试的基础上,分析研究区矿井水的量质特征,揭示煤炭高强度开采对地下水环境的影响,并开展矿井水生态利用研究。结果表明:研究区矿井富水系数在0.23~2.28,平均为0.91,评估2020年区内矿井排水量高达4.70亿m3,受采掘活动影响,浅埋煤层开采区地下水位下降趋势明显;区内矿井水出现不同程度的污染组分超标现象,主要超标指标为化学需氧量(COD)、Na+、SO4 2?、溶解性总固体(TDS),未处理的矿井水外排将会污染区内地下水环境;研究区浅层地下水超限的水质指标主要为NO3-N,与矿井水超限水质指标差别较大,反映出浅层地下水水质受采矿活动影响较小;提出矿井水浅层回灌和矿井水生态灌溉2种模式开展研究区矿井水的生态利用,矿井水回灌对矿井水中的溶解性有机碳、色度具有较好的去除效果,回灌后出水满足Ⅲ类地下水限值;浅埋煤矿矿井水具有作为矿区生态修复灌溉用水的较好潜力,中深埋煤矿和深埋煤矿矿井水不适宜作为灌溉用水。研究结果为我国西部煤矿区水资源保护和生态修复提供重要依据。 相似文献
10.
淄博市洪山、寨里煤矿区隐伏的奥陶系灰岩裂隙岩溶水污染严重。水质污染突发于矿坑全面闭坑以后，污染范围与矿坑水区一致，地下水污染组份与矿坑水的高含量组份相同。水质恶化主要由矿坑水串层污染所致。在此针对串层污染形成原因及影响因素，提出了防治对策。 相似文献
11.
Multi-tracer investigation of groundwater residence time in a karstic aquifer: Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Several natural and anthropogenic tracers have been used to evaluate groundwater residence time within a karstic limestone aquifer in southeastern New Mexico, USA. Natural groundwater discharge occurs in the lower Pecos Valley from a region of karst springs, wetlands and sinkhole lakes at Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, on the northeast margin of the Roswell Artesian Basin. The springs and sinkholes are formed in gypsum bedrock that serves as a leaky confining unit for an artesian aquifer in the underlying San Andres limestone. Because wetlands on the Refuge provide habitat for threatened and endangered species, there is concern about the potential for contamination by anthropogenic activity in the aquifer recharge area. Estimates of the time required for groundwater to travel through the artesian aquifer vary widely because of uncertainties regarding karst conduit flow. A better understanding of groundwater residence time is required to make informed decisions about management of water resources and wildlife habitat at Bitter Lakes. Results indicate that the artesian aquifer contains a significant component of water recharged within the last 10–50 years, combined with pre-modern groundwater originating from deeper underlying aquifers, some of which may be indirectly sourced from the high Sacramento Mountains to the west. 相似文献
12.
Anthony H. Cooper 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(5):505-512
In the United Kingdom, Permian and Triassic halite (rock salt) deposits have been affected by natural and artificial dissolution producing karstic landforms and subsidence. Brine springs from the Triassic salt have been exploited since Roman times or possibly earlier, indicating prolonged natural dissolution. Medieval salt extraction in England is indicated by the names of places ending in "wich", indicating brine spring exploitation at Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich and Droitwich. Later, Victorian brine extraction in these areas accentuated salt karst development, causing severe subsidence problems which remain a legacy. The salt was also mined, but the mines flooded and consequent brine extraction caused the workings to collapse, resulting in catastrophic surface subsidence. Legislation was enacted to pay for the damage and a levy is still charged for salt extraction. Some salt mines are still collapsing, and the re-establishment of the post-brine extraction hydrogeological regimes means that salt springs may again flow, causing further dissolution and potential collapse. 相似文献
13.
The thermal springs alongside Wadi Araba, Dead Sea and Jordan valley, Jordan, were investigated and sampled in a comprehensive field study of 2 weeks. Conventional physicochemical properties were measured in situ; dissolved solids and isotopic composition were analyzed. Two main spring locations on the east side of the Dead Sea were mapped. It became evident, that the hottest springs are among the closest to prominent faults; some springs are controlled by gas lift. Jordan’s hot springs are described by means of a broad hydrochemical and physicochemical data set and several figures are presented. Based on their hydrochemistry, the thermal springs are classified into four thermal provinces. Water genesis is discussed. Several geothermometers are applied to estimate reservoir temperatures. Observed discharge rate, water temperature and isotopic composition are compared with data from the literature. Although discharge and water temperature are reported to be constant over the last decades, groundwater overexploitation led to a shift of the isotopic composition, what is documented for the first time in Jordan. Thus, the effect of groundwater mining on Jordan’s hot springs can be stated as a fact. 相似文献
14.
H. Murat Özler 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(4):405-418
The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrological properties, groundwater potential, and water quality of the Çürüksu basin, western Turkey, and to contribute to the efforts of providing an adequate water supply for the city of Denizli. To achieve these objectives, the study consisted of mapping the geology and hydrogeology, determining the water balance, and defining the water quality. The basement rock units in the study area include several impervious metamorphic rock types and Mesozoic karstic limestone, which are overlain by Oligocene fluvial and lacustrine strata, Pliocene travertine and limestone, and Quaternary alluvium. The karstic limestone and the travertine and limestone strata constitute potential aquifers in the Çürüksu basin. The discharge regimes of the 22 springs in the two basins show little change through the year. The flow systems of the springs also have a large storage capacity and drainage occurs very slowly. The discharge of the springs does not appear to be affected immediately by monthly variations in precipitation. According to the water balance, the precipitation in the Çürüksu basin cannot provide all of the measured surface runoff. Excess runoff is 2?m3?s–1 in the Çürüksu basin, and in the adjacent Gökp?nar basin the deficit in surface runoff is also 2?m3?s–1. Thus, the underground catchment area of the springs extends beyond the surface drainage area of the Çürüksu basin. Although the P?narba??, Kazanp?nar, and Böceli springs emerge from the karstic limestone aquifer in the Çürüksu basin, these springs are fed from the adjacent Gökp?nar basin. The spring waters emerging from karstic limestone are fresh, of the calcium bicarbonate type, soft, and potable. The spring waters emerging from the travertine and limestone aquifer are low-temperature, brackish, of the calcium sulfate type, very hard, and not potable but useful for the irrigation. The occurrences of coal strata and hydrothermal activity have caused some deterioration of groundwater quality. 相似文献
15.
Quantitative analysis of springs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. A. Memon 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(2):111-120
Growing demand for groundwater resources and stringent environmental concerns has led to large groundwater investigations, including characterization of aquifer systems that are hydraulically connected to springs. A pumping test is one of the most reliable means of quantifying hydraulic characteristics and the response of natural springs to pumping because it yields results that, in general, are representative of a larger area than are results from a single point observation. Recharge to the aquifer sustaining discharge from springs must be evaluated prior to the utilization of springs. The spring hydrograph is analyzed, as the shape of a hydrograph is a reflection of the response of the aquifer to recharge. The form and rate of recession provide significant information on the storage, lithological composition, and structural characteristics of the aquifer system sustaining the spring. Water tracing techniques have been developed and used over a period of centuries to delineate catchment boundaries, estimate groundwater flow velocities, determine areas of recharge, and identify sources of pollution of spring water. 相似文献
16.
Studies of hot springs have focused mainly on the properties of fluids and solids. Fewer studies focus on the relationship between the hot springs and groundwater/surface-water environments. The differences in temperature and dissolved solids between hot-spring water and typical surface water and groundwater allow interactions to be traced. Electromagnetic terrain (EMT) conductivity is a nonintrusive technique capable of mapping mixing zones between distinct subsurface waters. These interactions include zones of groundwater/surface-water exchange and groundwater mixing. Herein, hydrogeological techniques are compared with EMT conductivity to trace hot-spring discharge interactions with shallow groundwater and surface water. Potentiometric-surface and water-quality data determined the hydrogeochemistry of two thermally influenced areas in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). Data from the sites revealed EMT conductivity contrasts that reflected the infiltration of conductive hot-spring discharge to local groundwater systems. The anomalies reflect higher temperatures and conductivity for Na+–Cl?-rich hydrothermal fluids compared to the receiving groundwater. EMT conductivity results suggested hot springs are fed by conduits largely isolated from shallow groundwater; mixing of waters occurs after hot-spring discharge infiltrates groundwater from the surface and, generally, not by leakage in the subsurface. A model was proposed to explain the growth of sinter mounds. 相似文献
17.
采用拉申指数和雷兹诺指数等指数判定法对四川省康定地热区4个地热井和3个温泉热水的碳酸钙结垢趋势进行计算和判定,并判定了硫酸钙和硅酸盐的结垢趋势,然后采用Na-K-Mg三角图解和WATCH程序进一步进行热储矿物平衡分析,结果表明:该区部分地下热水有结垢的可能性,主要结垢物是碳酸钙,引起结垢的矿物主要有方解石、滑石、温石棉。结果可为当地地热开发利用提供参考,也为同类研究提供一个实例。 相似文献
18.
The present groundwater monitoring network in Bavaria consists mostly of wells and only a small number of natural groundwater
springs, all of which are analyzed for mainly the common physical and chemical constituents in groundwater. In order to develop
a long-term groundwater management plan for all the groundwater resources of Bavaria, the Bavarian State Office for Water
Management intends to establish a separate spring-monitoring network throughout the 11 groundwater provinces of the state.
As a first step, significant physicochemical parameters that show considerable annual fluctuation (after monitoring 1–3 years)
were determined at 21 springs or spring systems to create a basic data set to guide future monitoring. A selection procedure
was developed around four parameters: (1) geological units, which includes the principal aquifers; (2) rate of spring discharge;
(3) land utilization within a catchment; and (4) approximate size of the subterranean catchment. However, in the initial phase
of the study, only the first three parameters were investigated. These parameters established a matrix for evaluating each
groundwater region of Bavaria to aid in the selection of additional springs for the proposed monitoring network.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
19.
James H. Wiersma Ronald D. Stieglitz Dewayne L. Cecil Glenn M. Metzler 《Environmental Geology》1986,8(1-2):99-104
Door County, Wisconsin, is a region of karst topography underlain by Silurian dolomite bedrock. Numerous sinkholes intercept
much of the surface runoff and act as sites for direct groundwater recharge. The clay-rich and impermeable Upper Ordovician
Maquoketa formation separates the dolomite aquifer from the deeper aquifers and appears to be a factor in groundwater circulation
and karst formation Thin glacial drift and Quaternary materials overlie the dolomite and are hydrologically connected with
it
The interactions of surface and groundwater, and the role of solution features in water interchange were studied in a small
drainage basin. This basin contains several large sinkholes and a nearby spring complex Mapping identified many additional
sinks and swallets in surface drainage routes Water flowing into two sinks was traced and found to have a residence time of
several hours. Water flowing into sinkholes and from the spring was sampled to identify the quality and seasonal trends in
composition of the shallow groundwater Water quality parameters monitored include magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride,
phosphorous, nitrate and ammonia, nitrogen, alkalinity, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance. Nitrate levels were found
to increase 5 to 6 times during periods when there was zero input through sinkhole recharge sites. Nitrate levels approached
the 10 mg/l NO3
−-N limit set by the U.S. Public Health Service for drinking water
In this basin sandy soils are most susceptible to sink development, whereas clay-rich soils have a lesser number of sinks.
It appears, however, that a network of bedrock solution features exists under all soils The loss of soil into sinkholes has
impacted groundwater quality and reduced agricultural productivity through a reduction in tillable acreage and water retention
capacity. 相似文献
20.
Influence of arsenic-bearing gold deposits on water quality in Zloty Stok mining area (SW Poland) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
The Sudety Mountains contain polymetallic deposits which have been exploited since the Middle Ages. Distinct concentrations
of As, Hg, F, Cr in surface water near Zloty Stok suggested that groundwater in the area could also contain elevated metal
concentrations. Water samples from 15 locations including Zloty Stream, mine adit discharges, and selected springs generally
show low levels of dissolved components and near-neutral pH. However, arsenic concentrations range from 0.99 mg/l to 26.16 mg/l
at all 15 sample locations. Mercury concentrations were locally as high as 0.011 mg/l. These high arsenic and mercury concentrations
significantly exceed water quality standards and raise concerns for using Zloty Stream for potable water.
Recieved: 21 December 1998 · Accepted: 8 June 1999 相似文献