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1.
Based on the static opaque chamber method,the respiration rates of soil microbial respiration,soil respiration,and ecosystem respiration were measured through continuous in-situ experiments during rapid growth season in semiarid Leymus chinensis steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia,China. Soil temperature and moisture were the main factor affecting respiration rates. Soil temperature can explain most CO2 efflux variations (R2=0.376-0.655) excluding data of low soil water conditions. Soil moisture can also effectively explain most of the variations of soil and ecosystem respiration (R2=0.314-0.583),but it can not explain much of the variation of microbial respiration (R2=0.063). Low soil water content (≤5%) inhibited CO2 efflux though the soil temperature was high. Rewetting the soil after a long drought resulted in substantial increases in CO2 flux at high temperature. Bi-variable models based on soil temperature at 5 cm depth and soil moisture at 0-10 cm depth can explain about 70% of the variations of CO2 effluxes. The contribution of soil respiration to ecosystem respiration averaged 59.4%,ranging from 47.3% to 72.4%; the contribution of root respiration to soil respiration averaged 20.5%,ranging from 11.7% to 51.7%. The contribution of soil to ecosystem respiration was a little overestimated and root to soil respiration little underestimated because of the increased soil water content that occurred as a result of plant removal. 相似文献
2.
利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法在植物生长旺季测算了内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原的土壤微生物呼吸、土壤呼吸和生态系统呼吸。地温和水分是植物生长旺季呼吸最重要的影响因素。地温在水分条件适宜的情况下可以解释CO2通量的部分变化(R2 = 0.376~0.655)。土壤水分含量也可以解释土壤呼吸和生态系统呼吸的部分变化(R2 = 0.314~0.583),但基本不能解释土壤微生物呼吸的变化(R2 = 0.063)。即使在较高温度下,较低的土壤水分含量(≤ 5%) 也会显著的抑制CO2排放。长期干旱后降雨使CO2通量在高温下迅速增大。基于5 cm地温和0~10 cm土壤水分含量的双变量模型可以解释CO2通量约70%的变化。观测期间,土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸的比例介于47.3%~72.4%之间,平均为59.4%;根呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例介于11.7%~51.7%之间,平均为20.5%。由于植物体去除引起的土壤水分含量上升可能使我们对土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸比例的估计略微偏高,根呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例略微偏低。 相似文献
3.
杉木人工林皆伐火烧后土壤呼吸研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过静态碱吸收法对福建三明27年生杉木人工林皆伐火烧后土壤呼吸进行为期1年多的定位研究．研究发现,林地皆伐火烧后土壤呼吸速率季节变化呈单峰曲线,对照地和皆伐地最大值均出现在6月,火烧地最大值出现在4月和5月之间,3块样地最小值均出现在12月．1年中对照地、皆伐地和火烧地土壤呼吸速率（释放CO2）变化范围分别在86．1～367．9mg m^-2h^-1、62．2～211．7mg m^-2h^-1和42．6～150mg m^-2h^-1之间．用指数模型和双因素模型对土壤呼吸进行拟合显示,温度和湿度是对照地的主要影响因子,但温度和湿度不能很好地解释皆伐地和火烧地土壤呼吸速率的变化．双因素模型中,土壤呼吸温度敏感性因子Q10对照地为2．1,皆伐地和火烧地分别为1．3和1．1,小于已报道范围． 相似文献
4.
综论土壤呼吸各组分区分方法 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究土壤呼吸各个组分对土壤总呼吸的贡献是定量评价植物和土壤碳平衡及能量平衡的 重要基础。目前区分土壤有机质分解呼吸和根呼吸的方法主要有成分综合法、壕沟法、根分离法、 林隙法、根生物量外推法、同位素法, 区分纯根呼吸和根际微生物呼吸的方法有同位素稀释法、模 拟根际沉降物法、14CO2 动态法、根系分泌物洗涤法、δ13C 微生物量法及一些非同位素法的联合。 土壤呼吸各组分区分研究中, 区分纯根呼吸和根际微生物呼吸将是未来研究的一个重大课题, 区 分方法的改进、完善和创新, 不同区分方法间的比较研究将是未来研究的一个重要方向。 相似文献
5.
Soil respiration is one of the primary fluxes of carbon between soils and the atmosphere.It is produced by rhizosphere respiration and soil microbial respiration.Soil respiration is not only affected by environmental factors,but also changes with the hu-man-induced disturbances of ecosystems.Land-use,the measures of land management,the pollution of soil,and so on can affect soil respiration and change the soil efflux.According to some research,the authors summed up their impacts on soil respiration by human activities through land-use changes and land-management measures among agroecosystem,grassland ecosystem,and for-est ecosystem.The results showed that (1) when adding fertilization to farmland,the soil respiration will increase;(2) fenced land can decrease soil respiration,while soil respiration in the grazed land at a grassland ecosystem will decline with the increasing of grazing intensity;(3) with grassland fertilization;farmland cultivation;fire,fertilization,and cutting of forest,conflicting results were found in the changes of soil respiration.Perhaps plant species,site condition,and measurement season can lead to different results on soil respiration. 相似文献
6.
干旱区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸日变化差异及影响因素 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用开路式土壤碳通量测量系统-LI-8100对塔里木河下游6种土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率的日变化进行了野外定位测量,并就水热因子及土壤理化性质对土壤日呼吸速率差异的影响进行了分析。结果表明,梨园、弃耕地、棉田、人工林、草地和天然林土壤呼吸速率日变化均呈单峰曲线,土壤日呼吸速率差异显著。大气温度和土地利用方式是造成土壤日呼吸差异的主要因素,其中土地利用方式通过改变地表温度、土壤水分、电导率、pH、盐分含量及机械组成等影响土壤日呼吸速率。 相似文献
7.
放牧及围封是引起沙质草地生态系统变化的重要因素。对科尔沁地区放牧和围封不同年限的沙质草地进行土壤呼吸动态测定与分析,结果表明:(1)植物生长初期土壤呼吸速率日平均值,围封样地的显著大于放牧样地的(p<0.05);植物生长末期土壤呼吸速率日平均值,放牧样地的显著大于围封样地的(p<0.05)。围封17年和围封22年样地的土壤呼吸速率日平均值相比较,7月上旬之前,围封17年样地的较围封22年样地的大,而7月中旬以后,围封22年样地的较围封17年样地的大,且差异均显著(p<0.05)。(2)土壤呼吸速率的季节动态对放牧和围封的响应过程相似,但围封引起的变异相对较小;土壤呼吸速率季节平均值,围封22年样地的显著大于围封17年的(p<0.05)和放牧的(p<0.01),围封17年样地的大于放牧的(p>0.05),故围封可以增强土壤CO2的排放,且在一定的时间内,土壤CO2的排放速率与围封时间正相关。(3)土壤温度和土壤体积含水率可解释土壤呼吸速率的变异从大到小依次为放牧(58%)>围封22年(39%)>围封17年(28%)。 相似文献
8.
采用Li-8100对亚热带马尼拉草坪生态系统呼吸及其分室昼夜动态进行研究,结果表明,草坪生态系统呼吸、土壤呼吸和植物地上部分呼吸速率的昼夜变化均表现为单峰曲线,呼吸速率日最高值出现在中午13：00～14：00;草坪生态系统的呼吸速率最低值只出现在6月的7：00左右,其他月份的最低值出现在23：00～2：00;土壤呼吸速率的最低值出现在4月和6月的7：00左右,8月则在2：00达最低值,11月土壤呼吸速率波动不大,极值不太明显．生态系统呼吸速率始终表现为白天高于夜间．4月、6月、8月和11月生态系统呼吸的日排放C量分别为27．30、43．94、44．79和25．18g m^2d^-1．6月、8月和11月土壤日呼吸量占整个生态系统日呼吸总量的比例大约为50％,远小于4月的74％．除11月外,生态系统、土壤总呼吸速率的昼夜变化均与5cm土温呈显著的指数相关．草坪生态系统呼吸的Q10值大小顺序为4月〉11月〉6月〉8月,土壤总呼吸的Q10值大小顺序为6月〉4月〉8月〉11月;除11月外,土壤呼吸的Q10值大于生态系统呼吸． 相似文献
9.
准噶尔盆地梭梭群落下土壤CO2释放规律及其影响因子的研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
采用开路式自动土壤碳通量测量系统（LI-8100）测定了准噶尔盆地荒漠梭梭群落生长季的土壤呼吸速率,并分析了温度和土壤水分对土壤呼吸的影响,结果表明:土壤CO2释放速率有明显的日变化和季节动态,日最大排放速率出现在13:00—15:00时,最小排放速率在8:00时。土壤CO2释放速率日变幅最大值为0.90 μmol·m-2·s-1、最小值为0.24 μmol·m-2·s-1、平均速率是(0.548±0.076)μmol·m-2·s-1;土壤呼吸作用在生长季中的动态呈单峰曲线,顺序为6月＞7月＞8月＞9月＞5月＞10月。相关性分析表明,土壤呼吸速率与气温、地表温度和5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm、25 cm、30 cm、35 cm、40 cm、50 cm层土壤温度呈极显著和显著正相关关系,土壤呼吸速率与地表温度间的线性关系为Y=0.017X+0.033,（R2=0.566, P<0.001）,并得出Q10值为1.65。土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率间的相关性不显著。 相似文献
10.
利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测量系统和LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室,对不同地形和不同植被条件下土壤呼吸速率及其影响因子进行测定。结果表明：科尔沁沙地土壤呼吸速率日变化均表现出上午逐渐增大,下午逐渐减小、凌晨最小的趋势。沙地土壤呼吸变化具有明显的空间异质性,土壤呼吸由大到小变化依次为：背风坡（1.95±0.21 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）>坡顶（1.05±0.14 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）>迎风坡（0.74±0.08 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）>丘间低地（0.62±0.09 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）。沙地土壤呼吸与植物生长条件具有密切关系,狗尾草（0.86±0.11 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）>小叶锦鸡儿（0.69±0.06 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）。土壤呼吸日变化速率与空气温度呈正相关,与空气相对湿度呈负相关关系,并且与土壤温度呈指数相关。沙丘内部不同地形、植被的[WTBX]Q10[WTBZ]差异不大。 相似文献
11.
Temporal and spatial variation in soil respiration of poplar plantations at different developmental stages in Xinjiang, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Soil respiration is essential for the understanding of carbon sequestration of forest plantations. Soil respiration of poplar plantations at three developmental stages was investigated in 2007 and 2008. The results showed that mean soil respiration rate was 5.74, 5.10 and 4.71 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 for stands of 2-, 7- and 12-year-old, respectively, during the growing season. Soil temperature decreased with increasing plantation age and canopy cover. As plantation matured, fine root biomass also declined. Multiple regression analysis suggested that soil temperature in the upper layer could explain 73-77% of the variation in soil respiration and fine root biomass in the upper layer could explain further 5-8%. The seasonal dynamics of soil respiration was mainly controlled by soil temperature rhythm and fine root growth since soil water availability remained adequate due to monthly irrigation. Spatial variability of soil respiration varied considerably among three age classes, with the coefficient of variation of 28.8%, 22.4% and 19.6% for stands of 2-, 7- and 12-year-old, respectively. The results highlight the importance of the development stage in soil carbon budget over a rotation, since both temporal and spatial variation in soil respiration displayed significant differences at different developmental stages. 相似文献
12.
以河西走廊典型的荒漠绿洲新垦农田为研究对象,设置9个施肥处理（高量有机肥,M3;高量氮磷肥,NP3;低量氮磷肥+高量有机肥,NP1M3;低量氮磷钾肥,NPK1;中量氮磷钾肥,NPK2;高量氮磷钾肥,NPK3;低量氮磷钾肥+高量有机肥,NPK1M3;中量氮磷钾肥+中量有机肥,NPK2M2;高量氮磷钾肥+低量有机肥,NPK3M1）,于2019—2020年7—8月采用LI-COR 8100对玉米农田土壤呼吸进行观测,分析土壤呼吸的变化、日动态及其主要影响因素。结果表明：（1）不同施肥处理,土壤呼吸速率M3>NP3>NPK1M3>NPK3M1>NPK2M2>NP1M3>NPK2>NPK3>NPK1,单施有机肥能显著提高土壤呼吸速率,较其他处理增长22.1%—41.4%。（2）不同施肥措施土壤呼吸日变化呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在13：00—16：00,土壤呼吸日变化主要受土壤温度变化的影响。（3）土壤温度和土壤湿度分别解释了土壤呼吸变化的24.2%—44.8%和7.7%—36.4%,土壤呼吸与土壤温度显著正相关,而与土壤湿度无显著相关性,不同施肥处理土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数Q10值1.419—1.600。（4）土壤呼吸与有机质、总氮、总碳、碱解氮存在显著正相关关系,施用有机肥使土壤有机质、总氮、总碳、碱解氮分别提升188.9%、80.5%、79.3%、147.0%,进而促进土壤呼吸,土壤呼吸与玉米产量无显著关系。不同的施肥措施会对土壤质量和土壤呼吸产生不同影响,有机肥和氮磷钾化肥的平衡施用,能够在提升土壤质量的同时减少碳排放,可在生产实践中采用。 相似文献
13.
沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸对人工降水的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用LI-8100土壤呼吸测量仪,对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘阜康北部地区沙丘不同部位（坡底、坡中、坡顶）的土壤呼吸速率进行了测量,探讨了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率对降雨的响应,分析了土壤水分和土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明:①沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的日变化呈“双峰曲线”,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率的日变化曲线大部分转变为“单峰曲线”。②增雨处理增加了沙丘不同部位土壤呼吸速率的变化幅度、平均值和极差,推后了土壤呼吸速率最大值到来的时间。③土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的相关性对降雨表现出积极的响应,降雨改变了土壤温度的日变化曲线类型,提高了土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的相关系数。④非增雨处理时,沙丘坡底、坡中和坡顶的土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关性系数均较高,而增雨处理后,土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关系数有所下降,仅坡中的相关系数通过了α=0.01的显著性检验。 相似文献
14.
《Polar Science》2014,8(2):146-155
The Boreal black spruce forest is highly susceptible to wildfire, and postfire changes in soil temperature and substrates have the potential to shift large areas of such an ecosystem from a net sink to a net source of carbon. In this paper, we examine CO2 exchange rates (e.g., NPP and Re) in juniper haircap moss (Polytrichum juniperinum) and microbial respiration in no-vegetation conditions using an automated chamber system in a five-year burned black spruce forest in interior Alaska during the fall season of 2009. Mean ± standard deviation microbial respiration and NEP (net ecosystem productivity) of juniper haircap moss were 0.27 ± 0.13 and 0.28 ± 0.38 gCO2/m2/hr, respectively. CO2 exchange rates and microbial respiration showed temporal variations following fluctuation in air temperature during the fall season, suggesting the temperature sensitivity of juniper haircap moss and soil microbes after fire. During the 45-day fall period, mean NEP of P. juniperinum moss was 0.49 ± 0.28 MgC/ha following the five-year-old forest fire. On the other hand, simulated microbial respiration normalized to a 10 °C temperature might be stimulated by as much as 0.40 ± 0.23 MgC/ha. These findings demonstrate that the fire-pioneer species juniper haircap moss is a net C sink in the burned black spruce forest of interior Alaska. 相似文献
15.
中国区域陆地生态系统土壤呼吸碳排放及其空间格局——基于通量观测的地学统计评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统通过根系呼吸和微生物呼吸向大气中释放CO2的过程。研究土壤呼吸的时空格局,将有助于构建区域尺度土壤呼吸定量评价模型,也可提高预测未来气候变化情境下的典型生态系统、区域以及全球尺度碳平衡状况的能力。本文整合了中国区域土壤呼吸的主要研究成果,分析了温度敏感性（Q10）和土壤呼吸（Rs）的统计特征和区域差异,定量评价了中国区域Rs的时空格局及其在中国和全球碳平衡中的作用。通过以上分析本文得出以下主要结论：①不同生态系统类型的土壤呼吸的Q10表现为森林〉农田〉草地,气候越寒冷,土壤呼吸Q10越大,并且中国区域的Q10值相对于其他国家偏低;②Rs具有明显的季节变异,不同生态系统类型的Rs表现为森林〉农田〉草地,并且,中国区域Rs低于全球Rs;③月尺度上Rs随着经纬度发生明显的季节变异,随着经度的增加,Rs的季节变幅也逐渐增加;④1995-2004年中国区域Rs的年总量的平均值为3.84 PgC,占全球土壤CO2排放的比例4.78%。 相似文献
16.
陆地生态系统土壤呼吸、氮矿化对气候变暖的响应 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
土壤呼吸和氮矿化对气候变暖的响应是影响陆地生态系统碳收支的主要因素之一,也是当前全球变化研究的主要内容之一。短期内温度升高能明显提高土壤呼吸速率,随着温度的进一步升高和升温时间的延长,土壤呼吸速率对温度升高的敏感性可能逐渐降低。由于土壤呼吸的温度敏感性与土壤水分含量、气候、植被、凋落物等多种因素有关,并随时间和空间的变化而变化,因此,用一个固定的Q10（土壤呼吸的温度敏感系数）来计算土壤呼吸对温度升高响应的量,会给研究结果带来很大的不确定性。生态系统对气候变暖的响应除了直接的反应外,还具有复杂的适应性。尽管模拟研究表明未来气候变暖将使土壤呼吸增加,但是有关土壤呼吸对气候变化适应性的试验数据比较少,对未来气候变化背景下土壤呼吸的模拟仍有很大的不确定性。气候变暖将促进土壤氮素的矿化速率,其影响程度的强弱不仅与温度有关,而且与土壤基质的质量与数量、土壤水分、升温持续的时间等有关,这使目前有关研究结果出现了很大的不确定性。针对上述研究中存在的问题,今后应统一土壤呼吸的测定方法,区分土壤呼吸各组分对温度升高的响应,在研究土壤呼吸和氮矿化对温度升高的响应时结合考虑其它因素能在一定程度上减少研究结果的不确定性。 相似文献
17.
土壤呼吸的温度敏感性 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
土壤呼吸是指土壤释放CO2 的过程,它所释放出的CO2 是生物圈向大气圈释放CO2 的主要来源之一。土壤呼吸速率对温度变化的敏感性是陆地生态系统碳循环过程中一个十分重要的环节。由于许多大尺度碳循环模型中都涉及土壤呼吸的温度敏感性这一问题,因此对该问题的回答有助于提高对当前陆地生态系统碳通量的估算和对 未来气候变化预测的准确性。本文就目前土壤呼吸速率对温度变化的敏感性的主要问题进行了综述,从温度、水分、呼吸底物的数量和质量、酶促反应动力学等几个不同的方面,概述了土壤呼吸温度敏感性的变异范围较大的原因,以及这些因素对土壤呼吸的温度敏感性影响的机理。土壤呼吸是酶促的化学反应,因此其温度敏感性不仅取决于呼吸底物的质量,同样也取决于底物的有效性。 相似文献
18.
Potentilla fruticosa scrub, Kobresia humilis meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the grass exuberance period from 3 July to 4 September, based on close chamber-GC method, a study on CO2 emissions from different treatments was conducted in these meadows at Haibei research station, CAS. Results indicated that mean CO2 emission rates from various treatments were 672.09±152.37 mgm-2h-1 for FC (grass treatment); 425.41±191.99 mgm-2h-1 for FJ (grass exclusion treatment); 280.36±174.83 mgm-2h-1 for FL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); 838.95±237.02 mgm-2h-1 for GG (scrub+grass treatment); 528.48±205.67 mgm-2h-1 for GC (grass treatment); 268.97±99.72 mgm-2h-1 for GL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); and 659.20±94.83 mgm-2h-1 for LC (grass treatment), respectively (FC, FJ, FL, GG, GC, GL, LC were the Chinese abbreviation for various treatments). Furthermore, Kobresia humilis meadow, Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow differed greatly in average CO2 emission rate of soil-plant system, in the order of GG>FC>LC>GC. Moreover, in Kobresia humilis meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 42% and 58% of the total respiration of soil-plant system respectively, whereas, in Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 32% and 68% of total system respiration from GG; 49% and 51% from GC. In addition, root respiration from Kobresia humilis meadow approximated 145 mgCO2m-2h-1, contributed 34% to soil respiration. During the experiment period, Kobresia humilis meadow and Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow had a net carbon fixation of 111.11 gm-2 and 243.89 gm-2, respectively. Results also showed that soil temperature was the main factor which influenced CO2 emission from alpine meadow ecosystem, significant correlations were found between soil temperature at 5 cm depth and CO2 emission from GG, GC, FC and FJ treatments. In addition, soil moisture may be the inhibitory factor of CO2 emission from Kobresia tibetica meadow, and more detailed analyses should be done in further research. 相似文献
19.
Soil CO_2 efflux, the second largest flux in a forest carbon budget, plays an important role in global carbon cycling. Forest logging is expected to have large effects on soil CO_2 efflux and carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. However, a comprehensive understanding of soil CO_2 efflux dynamics in response to forest logging remains elusive due to large variability in results obtained across individual studies. Here, we used a meta-analysis approach to synthesize the results of 77 individual field studies to determine the impacts of forest logging on soil CO_2 efflux. Our results reveal that forest logging significantly stimulated soil CO_2 efflux of the growing season by 5.02%. However, averaged across all studies, nonsignificant effect was detected following forest logging. The large variation among forest logging impacts was best explained by forest type, logging type, and time since logging. Soil CO_2 efflux in coniferous forests exhibited a significant increase(4.38%) due to forest logging, while mixed and hardwood forests showed no significant change. Logging type also had a significant effect on soil CO_2 efflux, with thinning increasing soil CO_2 efflux by 12.05%, while clear-cutting decreasing soil CO_2 efflux by 8.63%. The time since logging also had variable effects, with higher soil CO_2 efflux for 2 years after logging, and lower for 3-6 years after logging; when exceeded 6 years, soil CO_2 efflux increased. As significantly negative impacts of forest logging were detected on fine root biomass, the general positive effects on soil CO_2 efflux can be explained by the accelerated decomposition of organic matter as a result of elevated soil temperature and organic substrate quality. Our results demonstrate that forest logging had potentially negative effects on carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. 相似文献