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震磁前兆观测研究的进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文简要地评述了唐山地震(1976,M=7.8)等地震的震磁前兆观测研究结果、地下核爆炸前后的地磁变化状况、密云水库的构造磁实验,以及震磁前兆与地震的统计关系,为今后的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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美国地质调查局(USGS)与各有关大学,在美国西部、特别在圣安德列斯断层及其临近地区布设了包括地磁在内的地球物理观测网,用以监测该地区的地震活动。地磁观测资料的分析结果显示:5.2~7.3级地震,在离震中3~50 km的观测点与台站上,得到地磁总强度的变化异常幅度为0.3~6 nT。震磁研究结果表明:某些地震存在震磁前兆信息,因此震磁效应的观测研究是探索地震预测的一种手段。深入分析了2004年9月28日帕克菲尔德6.0级地震前后7个台站的地磁数据,结果表明:该地震的同震震磁效应为-0.4~0.3 nT,这是由压磁机制引起的;而该地震较长时间的震磁异常为-5.0~1.0 nT,该异常与局部地质构造及其活动、应力变化状况、地下介质的电磁性质等因素有关。 相似文献
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为探讨水库地区的构造磁效应,在密云水库周围布设了221个测点,测点间距为2——5km,测点离水库堤岸的距离为几十米至15km不等,使用G-816型与G-826型质子旋进磁力仪,在1983——1987年期间,每季度观测一次地磁场总强度.地磁与密云水库蓄水的资料分析得到,地磁变化与水库的水位变化、水容量变化的关系系数分别为-(0.280.22)nT/m与-(0.350.31)10-8nT/m3,表明地磁变化与该水库蓄水变化有着较强的负相关.这种较强的负相关可能是密云水库地区地下较强磁性岩石的压磁效应的反映.由于水库构造磁实验是地震磁现象的较好模拟,因此,根据实验结果可以相信,在地震活动区布设加密的高精度地磁观测,是能够捕捉到震磁前兆信息的. 相似文献
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对云南地区地磁观测资料进行分析研究,总结了1986～2002年以来云南地磁场变化形态与异常特征。利用均方差、斜率、拟合等方法分析研究,以日均值为基础建立了一系列判定指标,获得发生在云南及邻区一些地震的震磁前兆信息。研究结果表明,云南地磁观测震前出现以下几种特征：1．短临加速变化异常;2．多台准同步异常;3．有一定形态过程的异常;4．破年变趋势异常。地磁异常以短临显示为多数,中期向短期过渡异常不明显。 相似文献
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应用人工爆炸地震,农田抽水试验,地震地磁测量以及航磁△Ta资料反演成果,探索震磁关系。结果发现：（1）地磁场强度短周期变化数量不等;（2）实际观测的前兆磁异常比实验室测试的数据偏大。表明地震前兆异常不仅存在,而且这种地磁短周期变化是由多种物理效应叠加的结果。作者认为,在应力、应变等因素确定的条件下,温度的影响是构成震磁效应的重要因素,因此研究地壳磁性结构及磁性层底介面即居里等温面的空间分布特征,对潜在震源区的判定是有意义的。 相似文献
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首都圈地磁差值年变率δF异常与地震预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对１９８８￣１９９６年首都圈４０个测点的地磁差值年变率δＦ变化的全面分析研究,获得了近期两次唐山震区中强地震的地磁差值年变率δＦ异常,是以磁报震探索和震磁关系研究较好的近场前兆震例。地磁差值年变率δＦ方法４年来已用于首都圈１年尺度地震趋势判断。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献