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1.
基于青藏高原东北缘密集宽频带野外流动观测台阵以及固定台站资料,利用双差层析成像方法对地震位置和研究区的地壳速度结构进行了反演.最终用于联合反演的地震事件合计9644个.结果显示青藏高原东北缘速度结构具有明显的横向不均匀性.从整体上看,青藏高原地区表现为低速异常,鄂尔多斯表现为高速异常,而扬子地块亦表现为高速异常.不同深度处速度结构表现不一致,同一深度处P波速度结构和S波速度结构也有明显差异.由西秦岭北缘断裂带、临潭-宕昌断裂以及礼县-罗家堡断裂围限的地震活动强烈的区域中,P波速度结构由深度0 km时呈现的低速异常,逐渐过渡到5 km时高低速相间分布的特征;而S波速度结构在此区域中,由近地表0 km时高低速相间分布的特征,逐渐过渡到30 km时几乎表现为低速异常.2017年8月8日九寨沟7级地震所在的塔藏断裂、岷江断裂和雪山断裂围限区域,在深度20 km处的P波速度结构和周围存在明显差异,九寨沟地震处于高速异常与低速异常的过渡带内.此外,2013年7月22日发生在青藏高原东北缘的岷漳县6.6级地震,震源区所在的临潭-宕昌断裂附近的P波速度结构在15 km深度处也有明显特征,震源位置所在区域也处于高低速过渡带.该区域这种地壳内部高低速过渡带可能是应力比较容易积累而发生中强地震的一个重要场所. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Geodynamics》1999,27(4-5):567-583
Upper mantle P and S wave velocities in the western South America region are obtained at depths of foci from an analysis of travel time data of deep earthquakes. The inferred velocity models for the Chile–Peru–Ecuador region reveal an increase of P velocity from 8.04 km/s at 40 km to 8.28 km/s at 250 km depth, while the S velocity remains almost constant at 4.62 km/s from 40 to 210 km depth. A velocity discontinuity (probably corresponding to the L discontinuity in the continental upper mantle) at 220–250 km depth for P and 200–220 km depth for S waves, with a 3–4% velocity increase, is inferred from the velocity–depth data. Below this discontinuity, P velocity increases from 8.54 km/s at 250 km to 8.62 km/s at 320 km depth and S velocity increases from 4.81 km/s at 210 km to 4.99 km/s at 290 km depth. Travel time data from deep earthquakes at depths greater than 500 km in the Bolivia–Peru region, reveal P velocities of about 9.65 km/s from 500 to 570 km depth. P velocity–depth data further reveal a velocity discontinuity, either as a sharp boundary at 570 km depth with 8–10% velocity increase or as a broad transition zone with velocity rapidly increasing from 560 to 610 km depth. P velocity increases to 10.75 km/s at 650 km depth. A comparison with the latest global average depth estimates of the 660 km discontinuity reveals that this discontinuity is at a relatively shallow depth in the study region. Further, a velocity discontinuity at about 400 km depth with a 10% velocity increase seems to be consistent with travel time observations from deep earthquakes in this region. 相似文献
3.
A detailed dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves generated by local earthquakes and occasionally by blasts that occurred in
southern Spain, was undertaken to obtain the shear-wave velocity structure of the region at shallow depth. Our database includes
seismograms generated by 35 seismic events that were recorded by 15 single-component short-period stations from 1990 to 1995.
All these events have focal depths less than 10 km and body-wave magnitudes between 3.0 and 4.0, and they were all recorded
at distances between 40 and 300 km from the epicentre. We analysed a total of 90 source-station Rayleigh-wave paths. The collected
data were processed by standard digital filtering techniques to obtain Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion measurements.
The path-averaged group velocities vary from 1.12 to 2.25 km/s within the 1.0-6.0 s period interval. Then, using a stochastic
inversion approach we obtained 1-D shear-wave velocity–depth models across the study area, which were resolved to a depth
of circa 5 km. The inverted shear-wave velocities range approximately between 1.0 and 3.8 km/s with a standard deviation range
of 0.05–0.16 km/s, and show significant variations from region to region. These results were combined to produce 3-D images
via volumetric modelling and data visualization. We present images that show different shear velocity patterns for the Betic
Cordillera. Looking at the velocity distribution at various depths and at vertical sections, we discuss of the study area
in terms of subsurface structure and S-wave velocity distribution (low velocity channels, basement depth, etc.) at very shallow
depths (0–5 km). Our results characterize the region sufficiently and lead to a correlation of shear-wave velocity with the
different geological units features. 相似文献
4.
四川盆地南部地区自2015年以来地震活动性持续增长,并相继发生了数次M5.0及以上的中强地震.2019年6月17日的长宁MS6.0地震则是其中震级最大的一次强震,且震后相继发生了一系列M5.0及以上的中强地震,给当地的生命和财产安全造成了极大危害.研究此次大震的地下结构和发震机制有助于理解该区地震异常活跃的机理,并为今后开展防震减灾工作提供参考.基于这个出发点,本文收集了长宁地震区的丰富地震走时资料,利用双差地震成像方法对长宁地震序列进行了重定位,并获得了研究区内的三维P波和S波速度及波速比结构.结果显示,长宁地震序列主要沿着白象岩—狮子滩背斜轴部展布.长宁地震区在6 km深度附近呈现出明显的低速、高波速比异常结构,指示着可能存在流体.研究区内的速度结构在6 km之上横向不均一性较强,速度异常结构整体呈NW-NWW向展布;而在7.5~12 km横向不均一性则较弱,速度异常结构整体呈NNE或SN向展布.这种速度结构特征可能指示着该区6 km之上基本为沉积层,而7.5 km之下则基本为结晶基底,上下存在解耦.研究区内绝大多数地震事件震级较小,且集中分布在6 km以浅,表明该区绝大多数事件受沉积层结构的控制.相较于白象岩—狮子滩和双河背斜区,长宁背斜在6 km之上呈现更为明显的高速结构,对应较强的力学性质,可能阻挡了本次长宁地震的东南向破裂而使其表现出明显的单向破裂特征. 相似文献
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长320 km横跨鲁西地区的聊城－连云港宽角反射地震剖面揭示了鲁西地区的地壳结构，上地壳为二层结构，总厚18～20 km，速度5.4～6.2 km/s；下地壳也分为二层结构，总厚度13～15 km，速度6.4～6.7 km/s.Moho深度33～35 km.Pn 速度为7.9 km/s.地壳速度分布在横向上有较大变化，且平均速度为6.2～6.5 km/s，较正常值偏高.研究结果发现地壳内有两个近直立的高速体.从下地壳延伸到上地壳并直达沉积盆地的底部.可能是幔源岩浆大量侵入地壳，使得地壳的局部平均速度增高.近直立的高速体可能是幔源岩桨上涌的通道.鲁西地壳结构的研究对于探讨古地台的裂解与沉陷机制具有一定的意义. 相似文献
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Shear wave velocity structure of the NW Indian ocean is analysed by using fundamental mode Rayleigh wave dispersion data of 67 events occurred during 1990–98 at the central Indian Ridge and Carlsberg Ridge and recorded at Hyderabad Geoscope station (HYB). These events provide a dense coverage of the NW Indian ocean and Chagos-Laccadive Ridge (CLR) in the back-azimuthal range of 192–253° with respect to HYB. The dispersion curves, corrected for continental and young ocean paths, indicate large variations in the shear wave velocity structure of the region. The group velocities along the CLR path support a typical aseismic ridge-type structure. However, the central region bounded between the Central Indian Ridge and India in the back-azimuth of 206–234° indicates a decrease in the group velocity by 0.1 km/s. Inversion of these data sets indicates presence of aseismic-ridge type lithospheric structure for CLR, a thin lithosphere and high velocity block in the depth range of 125–200 km for the central region, and a continental-type lithospheric structure for the northern-most part of the Indian ocean. It is inferred that the dynamic state of the upper mantle in this region has been significantly perturbed during the recent geological past. 相似文献
7.
VELOCITY STRUCTURE TOMOGRAPHY OF REGIONS DOWNSTREAM THE JINSHA RIVER BASED ON DENSE OBSERVATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, the double difference seismic tomography method is applied to the phase arrival times of 7 465 seismic events to determine the hypocenter parameters of events as well as detailed 3D velocity structure at the northern segment of Xiaojiang Fault and its surrounding area. The data was recorded by 42 stations of the Jinshajiang River network from August 2013 to November 2016. At 2~6km, VP and VS present low velocity anomalies along the northern segment of Xiaojiang Fault, and the VS anomaly is especially remarkable. On both sides of the Xiaojiang Fault, there also exist obvious P and S wave low velocity areas. These low velocity areas correspond to the terrain, lithology distribution and the watershed of Jinsha River at shallower layer in the study area. Starting from 6km, a NE-directed high VP band along Zhaotong-Ludian and Huize-Yiliang Fault is formed on the eastern side of the northern segment of Xiaojiang Fault. VS also shows the high value in the area bounded by Lianfeng Fault, Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault and Huize-Yiliang Fault. Above 10km depth, to the west side of the Xiaojiang Fault including the Ninghui Fault, VP shows a significant low-velocity anomaly, while to the east side it presents high velocity feature. The Xiaojiang fault zone shows a significant low VP from north to south in the study region, and the low velocity anomaly in the northern segment is relatively significant, especially the low velocity anomaly area reaches 15km deep around Qiaojia area. Beneath the Baihetan Dam, a significant low VP area reaching to 5km deep is found. The earthquakes around the dam formed a strip from shallow to deep on the low-velocity area side. Whereas, a stable high-velocity area is found under the Wudongde Dam. The events relocation result shows that:all the focal depths in the study area are shallower than 20km, and the predominant focal depth is within 15km. Different from the NE-trending of the major faults in the study area, the relocated seismic events are obviously distributed nearly east-west along Matang Fault and Daduo Fault and the region around Huize. The focal depths of MS6.5 Ludian earthquake sequences are shallower than 15km, and mostly less than 10km. The aftershocks within 2a after the Ludian M6.5 earthquake form two predominant bands of about 40km and 20km along near EW and SN direction, respectively. 相似文献
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Haruhisa Nakamichi Satoru Tanaka Hiroyuki Hamaguchi 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,116(3-4)
A genetic algorithm inversion of receiver functions derived from a dense seismic network around Iwate volcano, northeastern Japan, provides the fine S wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle. Since receiver functions are insensitive to an absolute velocity, travel times of P and S waves propagating vertically from earthquakes in the subducting slab beneath the volcano are involved in the inversion. The distribution of velocity perturbations in relation to the hypocenters of the low-frequency (LF) earthquakes helps our understanding of deep magmatism beneath Iwate volcano. A high-velocity region (dVS/VS=10%) exists around the volcano at depths of 2–15 km, with the bottom depth decreasing to 11 km beneath the volcano’s summit. Just beneath the thinning high-velocity region, a low-velocity region (dVS/VS=−10%) exists at depths of 11–20 km. Intermediate-depth LF (ILF) events are distributed vertically in the high-velocity region down to the top of the low-velocity region. This distribution suggests that a magma reservoir situated in the low-velocity region supplies magma to a narrow conduit that is detectable by the hypocenters of LF earthquakes. Another broad low-velocity region (dVS/VS=−5 to −10%) occurs at depths of 17–35 km. Additional clusters of deep LF (DLF) events exist at depths of 32–37 km in the broad low-velocity zone. The DLF and ILF events are the manifestations of magma movement near the Moho discontinuity and in the conduit just beneath the volcano, respectively. 相似文献
10.
利用流动数字地震台网提供的三分量地震波形记录,应用转换函数及快速模拟退火算法对喜马拉雅山脉地区46个地震站下的地壳横波速度结构进行了反演,为进一步揭示青藏高原喜马拉雅山脉地区的动力学演化过程提供了可靠的地球物理证据.根据本文结果可清晰看到,喜马拉雅山脉地区作为当今地壳活动最活跃的地区,物质交换非常活跃,地下结构远远未达到平衡,地壳速度有很大差异,在板块边界处莫霍界面速度间断不是非常明显,自喜马拉雅南坡向高原腹地,地壳厚度大致从55 km增加到80 km;沿经度方向,莫霍面也有一定的起伏.通过研究得到另外一个证据是,在喜马拉雅的主中央逆冲断裂,由大陆碰撞产生的主要构造,其深度可能要大于80 km. 相似文献
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利用震源位置和速度结构的联合反演, 得到2012年2月16日广东东源MS4.8地震序列的震源位置及震源区速度结构模型, 并进一步采用双差定位法对该序列位置重新定位． 结果显示, 东源MS4.8地震是一次自上而下、 自西向东的单侧破裂过程, 破裂面积约3 km×5 km． 震源区地壳结构复杂, 埋深712 km处为一个速度达6.2 km/s的高速体, 主震的起始破裂位置位于高速体的顶部速度梯度较大的区域, 破裂面穿越整个高速体, 余震止于高速体下方的低速区底部(埋深约16 km)． 东源县锡场镇下方的这种高、 低速相间的结构, 表明地壳层间相邻物质性状的差异利于应变能的积累和释放, 因此东源地区具备发生中强地震的构造条件． 相似文献
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利用2007年完成扩建的甘肃东南部及邻近地区的24个宽频带固定地震台站记录到的2008年8月1日汶川地震余震的三分量地震全波形资料,采用小生境遗传算法和反射率法结合的波形反演方法,给出了甘肃东南部两个分区的地壳速度模型.西区和东区分别对应青藏高原块体和它与鄂尔多斯块体之间的过渡带,反演给出的平均模型显示,两个区上、中地壳的平均P波速度非常接近,由酸性岩和中性岩组成,下地壳P波速度差别较大,东区为6.41 km/s,西区为6.96 km/s,厚度相差也较大,东区为9.3 km,西区为19.8 km,地壳厚度由西向东减小,分别为54.6 km和47.9 km.显示西区下地壳由基性岩组成,而东区下地壳由中性岩组成,支持研究区内青藏高原东北缘地壳增厚主要发生在下地壳的观点.西区的上地幔顶部P波速度为7.73 km/s,对应年轻的构造活动区,而东区为8.05 km/s,对应稳定的古老地块.东区在上地壳上部存在厚约6.5 km的沉积层,P波速度为5.78 km/s,但是该沉积层在西部缺失.和PREM模型给出的全球平均地壳速度值相比,两个分区的地壳速度值整体偏低. 相似文献
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华北地区地壳上地幔S波三维速度结构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用华北地区大型流动地震台阵的记录资料,采用近震和远震联合成像方法,得到了水平分辨率0.5°×0.5°、深至600km的S波速度结构.研究结果表明,上地壳S波速度结构与地表地质构造基本一致,燕山—太行山山脉均呈现高速异常,延庆—怀来盆地、大同盆地表现为低速异常,华北盆地内部的拗陷和隆起分别呈现低速和高速.唐山地区中地壳、山西裂陷盆地中下地壳存在明显的低速异常,可能分别与流体和热物质作用有关,有利于形成孕育强震的地质构造环境.90km的速度结构图像依然与地表的构造特征有较大的相关性,可能说明深部结构对地表构造有一定的控制作用.燕山隆起区岩石圈的厚度可达120～150km左右,华北盆地的岩石圈厚度可能在80km左右,太行山地区的岩石圈厚度介于两者之间.山西裂陷盆地上地幔低速层较厚,反映了该区不稳定的构造环境造成了地幔热物质的上涌.华北盆地下方220～320km出现的高速异常体,可能揭示了华北盆地上地幔仍然存在拆沉后残留的难熔、高密度的古老岩石圈地幔.研究区东部地幔转换带呈低速异常,推测可能与太平洋板块俯冲至该区下方地幔转换带前缘120°E左右的俯冲板块相变脱水有关. 相似文献
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为提高北京遥测地震台网的地震参数测定能力,对北京地区（38°-41°N,114°-119°E）建立了一个新的地震波速度模型MDBJ81。这一模型有四个水平层置于均匀半空间之上,第一层分成三块,以反映该地区浅部结构的横向差异及地形起伏效应。在联合测定地震参数和速度结构过程中,其可调整速度模型参数包括:各层中的平均P波速度,各层层顶深度,第一层三块厚度以及平均P波S波速度比。通过分离参数,避免了求解大型方程组。 最后求解中使用了北京台网1979年记录的43个地震,共836个P波及S波震相到时。结果表明,北京周围地区的确存在速度结构的横向差异,第一层底深度自西北向东南逐块增加。得到的新震中位置一般比原台网测定位置更靠近表面断层线。 相似文献
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通过在上海地区开展深、浅地震反射、地震宽角反射/折射、高分辨地震折射和大地电磁测深等联合剖面探测, 获得了该地区近地表至Moho面的精细速度结构、电性结构和深浅构造关系.结果表明, 该地区地壳可划分为上、中、下三个组成部分.其中，上地壳厚为12～14 km，波速为57～59 km/s；中地壳厚度约为10 km，波速为59～62 km/s；下地壳厚为10～11 km, 波速为62～63 km/s，Moho面深度约为32 km.剖面浅部地质构造复杂，共解释出12条特征明显的断裂.其中，除3条断裂错断结晶基底（G界面）并向下延伸至上地壳底界面外，其他断裂均在深度3～5 km以上终止或收敛于G界面之上.此外，仅在剖面西侧基底下部约13～15 km埋深处发现一厚度在2 km左右的壳内高导层.所以，在综合各方面资料后分析认为，在剖面经过地区不存在发生大地震的深部构造条件，近地表所存在的活动断层是未来产生对该区有影响地震的震源区. 相似文献
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IntroductionUnderstandingthemechanismofcontinentalearthquakesisveryimportantforseismichaz-ardpreventionandearthquakeprediction.Themodernseismotectonictheoryandtheideaofearthquakepredictionaredevelopedmainlyfromthestudiesoninterplateearthquakes,whicharedifficulttoexplainthephenomenaofintraplateearthquakes,suchasthecontinentalearthquakesoccurredinChinesemainland.Whiletheinterplateearthquakesoccurredalongtheplatebounda-ries,theintraplateearthquakesdistributediffuselyintheinterioroftheplates.Thus… 相似文献
18.
We investigated inversion of full waveforms into formal 1D velocity models. ‘Formal’ means that the models are primarily intended to simulate complete seismograms close to real records, rather than to reflect the true crustal structure from the geological point of view. The method is demonstrated for a magnitude Mw 5.3 earthquake (centroid depth of 4.5 km), recorded at 8 three-component stations in the Corinth Gulf region, Greece, spanning the epicentral distance range from 15 to 102 km, and frequency range from 0.05 to 0.2 Hz. The forward problem was solved by the discrete wavenumber method, while the inversion was performed with the neighborhood algorithm. As such, not only the best-fit models, but also suites of the models almost equally well satisfying data were obtained. The best resolution was found in the topmost ～10 km. Extensive testing of the model parametrization enabled identification of the most robust features of the solution. The P- and S-wave velocities are characterized by a strong increase with depth in the topmost ～4–5 km. This part of the model can be approximated by a layer with constant velocity gradient. Compared to a previously existing model of the region, the satisfactory waveform match was extended from the maximum frequency of 0.1 Hz up to 0.2 Hz. This extension will improve calculation of the seismic source parameters in the region, e.g. determination of source time functions and slip distributions of potential future Mw > 6 events. 相似文献
19.
本文利用FMTOMO层析成像软件以及远震P波走时数据,获得青藏高原东缘地区300km深度范围内的P波速度结构,得到以下结果：①在60～140km深度范围内,102°E～104°E、29°N～31°N,四川盆地西南部存在一个相对低速区域;②在60～140km深度范围内,沿着龙门山断裂带,在龙门山断裂带的西北侧区域出现相对... 相似文献
20.
天水-礼县地区地壳速度结构 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1984—1985年,利用厂坝铅锌矿工业爆破,在天水—礼县地区布设测线进行了大范围的地震测深工作。对该地区的地壳速度结构的研究结果表明,该地区沉积层平均厚度为2.5km,速度为4.0km/s(P波);地壳平均厚度为43.68km,平均速度为6.20km/s;徽县—礼县地壳速度剖面可分为5层,其中在24—29km深处有一低速层,基底深度变化较大,在礼县地壳浅部发现一断层。对天水—礼县地区还进行了P波、S波联合反演,获得了该区P波与S波速度结构,其地壳范围内的平均波速比为1.73。 相似文献