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1.
南半球中高纬大气环流年代际变率的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用近百年全球海平面气压图和再分析海平面气压等资料,建立了自1871年以来1,4,7和10月份的南极涛动指数（AOI）序列。近百年来1月AOI有明显增强的趋势,7月AOI则有明显减弱的趋势。最近40多年来,1,4和10月AOI都有较强的上升趋势。4个月份的AOI都有20～30a左右的准周期波动,表现出显著的年代际尺度的变化。用1,4,7和10月的平均可以近似反映年平均南极涛动指数的变化。在年代际尺度上,年平均指数在1894～1901年、1910～1935年左右是强的负指数时期。1880～1893年、1936～1945年左右是较强的正指数时期,1980年代以来,强的正指数已经持续了近20a,且1990年代以来还有加强的趋势。模拟结果的功率谱显示气候系统内部产生的低频变化主要体现在年际尺度变率上,年代际尺度变率的谱值则远远低于观测结果,但不排除在个别情况下,通过Hasselmann机制产生AOI年代际变率的可能性。 相似文献
2.
利用1958—2005年我国116个站探空温度序列研究了我国高空温度变化趋势。首先通过静力学质量控制和两相回归法对原始序列进行了均一化处理。我国探空温度序列存在明显的间断点, 间断点的订正对于序列的趋势影响较为显著。缺测率是影响我国探空温度序列应用性的重要因子, 也是区域平均趋势统计中台站取舍的指标, 减少台站总数会削弱我国对流层升温和平流层降温的变化趋势。分析表明: 70%作为最小资料有效率标准最为合理。为满足最小资料有效率, 选取92个站统计我国高空温度变化趋势的区域平均值。结果表明: 1958-2005年, 平流层下层和对流层上层降温, 对流层中、低层升温; 高空温度变化趋势与研究时段明显相关, 1958-1978年我国高空大气整层均为降温; 1979—2005年, 对流层中低层升温最为明显, 增暖的幅度随高度增加而减小, 400 hPa以上各层转为降温。对流层的升温始于20世纪80年代, 升温幅度与全球尺度的平均值有所不同。 相似文献
3.
利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心1961—2011年我国东北地区72个气象站月平均气温资料及NCEP/NCAR月平均海平面气压、500 hPa高度场及200 hPa与850 hPa风场再分析资料,对东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温序列经去除线性趋势处理后的变化特征进行对比分析。结果表明:去除线性趋势后,东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温序列的相关系数为-0.69,较原始序列更为显著;两者变化的阶段性较为同步,我国东北地区冬季气温于2004年已转入低温阶段,这与东亚冬季风同时转为偏强阶段关系密切;两者均存在20年左右的长周期,同样存在相近的阶段性短周期;我国东北地区冬季气温的增温变化趋势在1986年前后的增暖性气候突变中起重要作用。东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温年代际信号的相关系数达-0.86,较原始序列年代际相关更为显著;两者的年代际变化存在21.5年左右的共同准周期。东亚冬季风强度与我国东北地区冬季气温的年际变化序列存在4年左右的共同准周期。我国东北地区冬季气温的年际和年代际异常存在与东亚冬季风相关联的200 hPa东亚急流、500 hPa东亚大槽、乌拉尔高压、850 hPa风场、地面西伯利亚高压等的异常背景。 相似文献
4.
M. R. Van den Broeke 《Climate Dynamics》2000,16(5):369-377
We use NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to study the impact of the semiannual oscillation (SAO) on the annual cycle of Antarctic
near-surface temperature. When the SAO is weak, the contracted phases (March/April and September/October) are warm and the
expanded phases (December/January and June/July) cold. This pattern is explained in terms of the changing meridional fetch
of the circumpolar pressure trough. Because of the wave number three character of the SAO, large regional deviations are found.
For instance, enhanced north-westerly flow in the second expansion phase (June/July) of weak SAO years limits the growth of
the sea ice in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas, leading to anomalously high temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula region.
The short (<50 year) temperature records at Antarctic stations still carry the fingerprint of decadal SAO variability. By
matching the observed monthly temperature trends to the patterns derived from the gridded re-analysis, we propose a background
Antarctic warming trend for the second expansion phase (June/July) of 4.62 ± 1.02 °C per century, four times the annual value.
Received: 23 August 1999 / Accepted: 28 October 1999 相似文献
5.
应用趋势分析、Morlet小波分析以及Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,研究了1980~2018年龙泉驿区降水整体趋势,包括降水的年际变化和季节性趋势,以及降水日数和月、旬、日降水的集中性特征。结果表明:龙泉驿区年降水量整体下降趋势明显,存在3a和9a振荡周期;降水日数存在7~8a和12a振荡主周期,以及4a振荡次周期。可引发龙泉驿区地质灾害活动的降水主要发生在7月和8月,二者降水量在年代际尺度上的变化趋势相反。旬降水量与日降水量均呈明显的准正态分布规律,旬降水量主要集中时段是7月下旬与8月中旬,日降水量较大值也出现在7月与8月。 相似文献
6.
A general form of an equation that "explicitly" diagnoses SST change is derived. All other equations in wide use are its special case. Combining with the data from an ocean general circulation model (MOM2) with an integration of 10 years (1987-1996), the relative importances of various processes that determine seasonal variations of SST in the tropical Indian Ocean are compared mainly for January, April, July and October. The main results are as follows. (1) The net surface heat flux is the most important factor affecting SST over the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the region south of the equator in January; in April, its influence covers almost the whole region studied; whereas in July and October, this term shows significance only in the regions south of 10°S and north of the equator, respectively. (2) The horizontal advection dominates in the East African-Arabian coast and the region around the equator in January and July; in October, the region is located south of 10°S. (3) The entrainment is s 相似文献
7.
The spatial organization of decadal and bidecadal components (fluctuations) of annual rainfall is identified in this research for two regions: (1) southern South America, and (2) southern North America (conterminous USA, southeastern Canada and northern and central Mexico). Findings indicate that these decadal and bidecadal components have highly coherent wave-like spatial organization. Two types of organization of decadal and bidecadal components of annual rainfall were identified: a train of propagating fluctuations and quasi-standing fluctuations. For decadal components, such patterns alternate in time. A widespread change in the spatial organization of decadal component of annual rainfall took place simultaneously in both continents in 1932. The bidecadal component is organized as standing fluctuations in southern North America and as travelling fluctuations in southern South America, The spatial pattern of decadal fluctuations of annual rainfall has 12- and 13-year cycles, and the spatial pattern of bidecadal fluctuations has predominantly 21- and 22-year cycles. 相似文献
8.
Interannual and long-term variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Summer monsoon rainfall 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Summary The interannual and decadal scale variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its relationship with Indian Summer monsoon rainfall has been investigated using 108 years (1881–1988) of data. The analysis is carried out for two homogeneous regions in India, (Peninsular India and Northwest India) and the whole of India. The analysis reveals that the NAO of the preceding year in January has a statistically significant inverse relationship with the summer monsoon rainfall for the whole of India and Peninsular India, but not with the rainfall of Northwest India. The decadal scale analysis reveals that the NAO during winter (December–January–February) and spring (March–April–May) has a statistically significant inverse relationship with the summer monsoon rainfall of Northwest India, Peninsular India and the whole of India. The highest correlation is observed with the winter NAO. The NAO and Northwest India rainfall relationship is stronger than that for the Peninsular and whole of India rainfall on climatological and sub-climatological scales.Trend analysis of summer monsoon rainfall over the three regions has also been carried out. From the early 1930s the Peninsular India and whole of India rainfall show a significant decreasing trend (1% level) whereas the Northwest India rainfall shows an increasing trend from 1896 onwards.Interestingly, the NAO on both climatological and subclimatological scales during winter, reveals periods of trends very similar to that of Northwest Indian summer monsoon rainfall but with opposite phases.The decadal scale variability in ridge position at 500 hPa over India in April at 75° E (an important parameter used for the long-range forecast of monsoon) and NAO is also investigated.With 4 Figures 相似文献
9.
利用1948-2009年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了黄河流域年平均、1、4、7、10月整层水汽含量的时空分布特征。结果表明：年平均水汽含量为5～27mm,时间上,冬季（1月）和夏季（7月）分别为最低和最高,空间上,青藏高原和黄河下游上空分别为最低和最高,西风带水汽大小居于两者之间;利用旋转经验正交函数（rotated empirical orthogonal function,REOF）展开方法,将黄河流域年平均水汽含量划分为2个区,1、4、7、10月均划分为4个区;年平均及各月全流域和黄河中下游区水汽含量均趋于减少,其余各分区演变趋势各异。 相似文献
10.
近30年青藏高原上空大气温度变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据青藏高原地区16个探空站近30a (1979~2008年)的月平均温度资料对该地区高空年、季平均温度演变特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)高原上空年、季平均温度均具有较高的空间一致性,其中夏季的一致性特征最弱;(2)高原上空250hPa层及以下和50hPa层及以上平均温度的季节变化特征为冬季最冷、夏季最热,100~70hPa层与其相反;(3)近30a来高原地区对流层中上层(500~250hPa)年平均温度是上升的,对流层上层至平流层下层(150hPa层及以上)以降温为主,高层的降温普遍始于1984年,且变冷显著。 相似文献
11.
民勤西沙窝生态气候变化特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
（１）分析得到勤试验站１３个观测指标中的１４５个统计项中的前６个主成分最大载荷因子的多年变化特征是：年日照时数７０￣８０年代持续下降;年平均气温６０￣８０年代下降;年大风日数呈波浪式上升;年最大风速有增无减;８月降水量相对稳定。当地的气候环境在８０年代中期以前朝良性方向发展,８０年代中期以来进一步恶化。（２）年沙法暴日数的多年变化特征与年日照时数有较大的相似性;年平均最高气温、年平均地温和７月份极 相似文献
12.
对1977～1992年1,4,7,10月沈阳第一和第二对流层顶月平均高度和温度数据进行分析。结果表明:沈阳是以第一对流层顶为主的地区,第二对流层顶只有夏季发生频率较高;第一对流层顶的高度、温度以及出现频率都表现出明显的季节变化特征,其中高度在1月最低,7月最高;温度在3月最低,8月最高。第二对流层顶高度的季节变化表现为冬春季高、夏秋季低。温度表现为冬季高,夏季低。第一对流层顶在各个月份温度都随高度增高而降低,降幅1月最小,7月最大,4月和10月居中。第二对流层顶温度随高度变化只在7月显著递减;第一对流层顶高度在10月显著降低,降幅为453m/10a,其他月份变化趋势不明显。第一对流层顶在7月显著降温,降幅为1·8℃/10a,10月增温显著,升幅为2·0℃/10a。第二对流层顶高度在不同月份都表现出弱升高趋势,但不显著。1月和10月的降温和升温显著,降幅和升幅分别为1·7℃/10a和1·2℃/10a。 相似文献
13.
V. V. Popova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(3):159-167
Considered is a relationship between long-term variations of the surface air temperature and of the field of geopotential at the level of 500 hPa in the middle of summer in the European part of Russia and the variations of large-scale atmospheric circulation described by the indices of North Atlantic and North Pacific centers of atmospheric action. The considerable inhomogeneity in the course of average temperature in the European part of Russia in July divides it into two periods, before and after the 1980s. Unlike stationary fluctuations of temperature before the 1980s, the 6–10-year fluctuations are typical of the period of 1981–2010 against a background of its considerable rise by 0.8°C per 10 years with the contribution of 20% to the total variance. During this period, about 80% of temperature variability are caused by the circulation variations, and 55% of them are associated with the North Pacific centers of atmospheric action, in particular, with the WP index in July, May, and April. Revealed regression dependences between circulation indices and the air temperature in the European part of Russia explain rather accurately the linear trend, the fluctuations with the period of 6–10 years, and the extremes in 1988, 2001–2003, and 2010. The analysis of the time series (1950–2012) of WP, PDO, and SOI indices demonstrates that changes in the atmospheric circulation took place in the extratropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere at the turn of the 1980s and this caused the formation of blocking situations and, hence, steady heat and drought in summer in the mid-latitude zone including the European part of Russia. These variations can be interpreted as a change in the regimes of strong (1950–1980) and weak (1981–2012) circulation. The heat in July 2010 was an extreme display of weak circulation, and this is indicated by the unprecedented low values of the WP index in July and May. 相似文献
14.
为了更好地发展旅游事业,本文以四川省2006~2016年21个站点的气象数据为基础数据,运用奥利弗温湿指数和IDW空间插值法对四川省旅游气候舒适度进行评价。结果表明:(1)从总体上看,四川省旅游气候舒适度差异显著,呈现出西部较高、东部较低的特征;(2)从季节上看,四川省春、秋季舒适度较高,最适合人们旅游;夏、冬季舒适度较差,最不适合旅游;(3)从旅游地上看,除了甘孜州、阿坝州和凉山州的最舒适时期为7月,最不舒适时期为1月。四川省典型旅游地最舒适时期大都为4月和10月,最不舒适时期主要为1月和7月。因此,除甘孜州,阿坝州和凉山州外,4月和10月四川省适合旅游;相反,1月和7月四川省不适合旅游。 相似文献
15.
采用1980—2000年的ERA-Interim再分析资料,计算北半球冬季各月(12月、1月、2月)行星波的Eliassen-Palm(EP)通量及其散度,并按冬季不同月份分析平流层整层温度和纬向风场的十年际变化特征与行星波活动变化的关系。结果表明,温度的十年际变化在高纬度中下平流层12月呈明显增温趋势,1月转为较弱的冷却趋势,2月为明显的冷却趋势。纬向风在中高纬平流层12月呈明显的减速变化,1月减速区与加速区相间分布但强度均较弱,而2月为明显的加速趋势。12月行星波沿低纬度波导向热带对流层顶的传播减弱,沿极地波导向平流层整层的传播明显加强;1月沿两支波导的传播趋势未变但均较弱;而2月行星波沿低纬度波导的传播转为加强趋势,沿极地波导的传播转为减弱趋势。相应地,EP通量散度场的十年际变化形势沿两支波导在12月与2月相反,1月为过渡阶段。因此,北极平流层温度、纬向风、EP通量及其散度场的十年际变化在冬季内呈现一个从北半球环状模(Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode, NAM)的负极趋势向正极趋势逐月演变的过程。 相似文献
16.
Summary Using the methods of running means and integral difference curves, the monthly and annual air temperatures in upper parts of the Bulgarian mountains are studied. Data from seven stations are used, covering the period 1930–1989. Records of mean, minimum and maximum air temperature for January, April, July, and October are analysed. Periods of warming and cooling in separate months of the year are identified. In upper parts of Bulgaria during recent years, the temperature record has shown a trend towards warming in winter and cooling in summer. Mean annual temperatures were observed to decrease between 1962 and 1981.With 5 Figures 相似文献
17.
F. N. W. Nsubuga J. M. Olwoch C. J. deW. Rautenbach O. J Botai 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,115(1-2):53-71
A methodology has been applied to investigate the spatial variability and trends existent in a mid-twentieth century climatic time series (for the period 1943–1977) recorded by 58 climatic stations in the Albert–Victoria water management area in Uganda. Data were subjected to quality checks before further processing. In the present work, temporal trends were analyzed using Mann–Kendall and linear regression methods. Heterogeneity of monthly rainfall was investigated using the precipitation concentration index (PCI). Results revealed that 53 % of stations have positive trends where 25 % are statistically significant and 45 % of stations have negative trends with 23 % being statistically significant. Very strong trends at 99 % significance level were revealed at 12 stations. Positive trends in January, February, and November at 40 stations were observed. The highest rainfall was recorded in April, while January, June, and July had the lowest rainfall. Spatial analysis results showed that stations close to Lake Victoria recorded high amounts of rainfall. Average annual coefficient of variability was 19 %, signifying low variability. Rainfall distribution is bimodal with maximums experienced in March–April–May and September–October–November seasons of the year. Analysis also revealed that PCI values showed a moderate to seasonal rainfall distribution. Spectral analysis of the time components reveals the existence of a major period around 3, 6, and 10 years. The 6- and 10-year period is a characteristic of September–October–November, March–April–May, and annual time series. 相似文献
18.
青藏高原东部牧区雪灾的气候特征分析 总被引：30，自引：21，他引：30
通过对 196 7— 1996年 2 5个测站的雪灾资料分析 ,揭示了青藏高原东部牧区有雪灾期从上年10月到当年 5月长达 8个月 ,雪灾在一年之中有 3个高发月 :11月、3月和 2月 ;雪灾主要发生在巴颜喀拉山南缘和东麓地区 ,近 30a来呈上升趋势。 196 8— 1976年冬春为一较长时段的雪灾发生的低值期 ,从 1977— 1992年有 3个高峰期和 2个低谷期 ,从 1993年开始又进入高发期 ;高原东部牧区冬春雪灾存在着明显的 5 6a的和较弱的 2 3a周期变化。本文中定义发生在 15月的雪灾为后冬雪灾 ,发生在10 12月的雪灾为前冬雪灾。研究表明 ,70年代是前冬雪灾的高发期 ,80年代末到 90年代是后冬雪灾的高发期。雪灾期西太副高的年际差异是雪灾发生年际振荡的一个可能原因 相似文献
19.
利用新疆天山山区及其以北地区（北疆）45个气象站1961-2010年冬季逐日最低气温资料,提出了45站低温日标准和区域性持续性低温事件的定义,并分析了持续性低温事件的时空分布和变化特征,研究了低温事件的年代际变化环流差异特征、大尺度环流背景、冷空气影响路径及强度特征。结果表明：(1) 低温日阈值呈东北向西南升高的分布趋势,低温日阈值最小值分布于准噶尔盆地和新疆北部阿勒泰地区,阈值为-34～-30℃,而西部伊犁地区和天山山区低温日阈值为-24～-20℃;(2) 1961-2010年出现35次大范围持续性低温事件,1月和2月发生频次均为0.29次/年,12月为0.14次/年;低温事件持续时间为5~25 d,其中超过10 d有16次,5~9 d有19次。持续性低温事件发生频率呈年际和年代际显著减少趋势,但强度无显著变化趋势;(3) 北半球大范围环流异常造成新疆持续低温事件,以经向环流异常为主,根据冷空气影响路径可分为4类：西西伯利亚横槽、中西伯利亚低槽东灌、北风带和西北风带、北脊南槽（涡）,这4类冷空气影响路径表现为500 hPa冷空气从极地或西伯利亚以超极地、西北和偏东路径进入新疆后,-32℃冷空气南压位于北疆地区,海平面气压场同时表现为蒙古高压盘踞欧亚大陆,高压中心达1045 hPa以上且位于阿勒泰山地区,1035 hPa冷高压控制北疆地区,这种环流配置造成新疆持续性低温事件。 相似文献
20.
东亚大气环流的低频振荡及与韵律的关系 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本文根据北半球500hPa高度场30年(1951—1980)平均的逐候格点资料,对气候平均的东亚各主要大气环流系统的年内变化进行了谐波分析和天气学分析.结果表明,东亚大气环流系统存在着三种主要的大气低频波:年波、半年波和30—50天的季内波;中、高纬度的大气环流以年波振荡为主,低纬度的大气环流以半年波振荡为主;30—50天的季内波是北半球各纬度上都存在的一种波,但它对总方差的贡献在低纬比中、高纬度大.此外,还讨论了年波和半年波这两种大气低频波与我国长期预报中常用的各种韵律指标特别是隔季相关现象的关系. 相似文献