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在虎皮鹦鹉(Budgerigar(Melopsittac usundulafus)以下简称BG)声行为及其叫声模式识别研究的基础上, 进一步给出了BG声行为习性特征参数的定量研究。为综合分析地震前BG声行为习性异常开拓了新的认识。在室内光照下, BG的鸣叫具有自然性状的始鸣和终鸣时, 及其昼鸣夜息的节律习性。每天的昼叫声和夜叫声中, 单次叫声、变调叫声、单音和多音节抗议叫声分别具有与其行为活动相适应的占有习性, 而且具有相接近的峰相位, 并与相应的半值相位呈有规则的跟随特性, 平均约滞后半小时。颠倒照明后, BG叫声的峰相位比正常照明约滞后12小时, 与相应的半值相位的跟随特性呈不规则。 相似文献
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本文是地球物理所与声学所合作建立玉皇山地声观测台网的技术总结。介绍了台站的地震地质背景,系统的设计思想、技术特点、监测能力。对干扰的类型和排除方法作了简要的分析,并对利用水井测量地声的方法中存在的一些物理问题提出一些看法供讨论,以期不断改进地声现场观测技术。 相似文献
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静电对电子设备的干扰不容忽视.通过对厦门地震台模拟记录仪曲线几次畸变现象分析,认为就是静电干扰的影响,物理放电可以有效消除影响.增加观测室湿度可以有效预防静电产生. 相似文献
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随着通信、计算机技术的提高与普及,以及对地震前兆仪器智能化、数字化和网络化的最新要求,山西省地震学会组织有关专家和技术人员研制成功了DJY-2000A型地震电磁波脉冲观测系统。该系统是在DWMJ-89A(B)型微电脑电磁脉冲记录仪的基础上,对原有的一些缺陷进行了改进,并增加了许多新的功能而研制成的新一代产品。DJY-2000A型地震电磁波脉冲观测系统主要由LES低频电磁传感器、前置转换器、DJY-2000A型电磁脉冲记录仪、数据传输与处理软件、计算机系统及配套设备组成。该系统的主要功能如下:1)打印显示功能 8位LED显示打印功能,可选… 相似文献
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利用一次中强以上地震(M0>4.7)发生后头3天的地震序列资料,应用模式识别、模糊聚类等方法对未来3个月内是否可能发生相当(M=M00.3)或更大(M>M0)地震作综合判定研究.回顾性预报评分结果表明,应用这些应用数学方法作综合判定比单项方法的效果明显地好.其中模式识别 CORA-3算法的 V 评分值最高,44个已知地震序列样本(5个Ⅰ类,39个Ⅱ类)参加学习和训练,内符识别全部正确.对事先留下的最后4个已知地震序列(2个Ⅰ类,2个Ⅱ类)作外推检验也全对.对研究过程中新发生的二次地震序列,一次正确,一次误判.亨明(Hamming)方法和模糊聚类方法分类的内符评分 V 可达0.8以上.外推也多数正确. 相似文献
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随着通信、计算机技术的提高与普及 ,以及对地震前兆仪器智能化、数字化和网络化的最新要求 ,山西省地震学会组织有关专家和技术人员研制成功了 DJY- 2 0 0 0 A型地震电磁波脉冲观测系统。该系统是在 DWMJ- 89A(B)型微电脑电磁脉冲记录仪的基础上 ,对原有的一些缺陷进行了改进 ,并增加了许多新的功能而研制成的新一代产品。DJY- 2 0 0 0 A型地震电磁波脉冲观测系统主要由 L ES低频电磁传感器、前置转换器、DJY- 2 0 0 0 A型电磁脉冲记录仪、数据传输与处理软件、计算机系统及配套设备组成。该系统的主要功能如下 :1)打印显示功能 … 相似文献
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本文用模式识别方法(CORA—3修改方法)研究了云南及其邻近地区大地震的发生时间与中强地震活动特性的关系。结果表明(不分子集):M≥7.0级大震前1—2年内,5—5.9级地震频度有明显增强。前1年6—6.9级地震相对减弱,前2—4年内6—6.9级地震可增至一定水平。对于CORA—3修改算法在采用“CLUSTERS”算法和不用“CLUSTERS”算法所得识别分类结果基本一致。FH(future history test)试验表明,用1930—1986年为学习时段,1969—1986年为预测时段。得到D类识别率为0.6,N类误识率为0.38。 相似文献
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为获得连续、可靠的测震资料,在地震记录仪中需要高稳定度的运转系统,为保证运转系统的工作质量,需清楚地了解该系统的结构及工作原理.一、DJ—1型地震记录仪运转系统工作原理DJ—1运转系统包括电器和机械两大部分,电器部分由电源(20V)、稳频振荡、功率放大和同步电机组成;机械部分由变速箱、传动齿轮、滚筒、记录笔小车、丝杠等部分组成.其工作原理是稳频器产生50Hz左右的交流信号,经功放后驱使电机运转,同步电机又通过齿轮带动滚筒和丝杠,丝杆使记录笔小车水平移动记录信号. 相似文献
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本文对自然条件下虎皮鹦鹉声行为观测资料，进行了微机分析，所得到的ＢＧ声行为特性很好地反映相应的自然习性，这就为地震生物观测站的ＢＧ声行为与地震关系观测资料的微机分析提供了基本方法，进而提高了动物习性异常在临震预报中的有效性，所得到的ＢＧ始鸣时和终鸣时，分别与观测站的日出和日没时呈正相关，变化速率都为０．２，即很好地反映ＢＧ声行为昼夜节律的季节变化习性。所得到的ＢＧ单次叫声，变音调叫声，单音节和多音 相似文献
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On the bases of the studies of acoustic behavior and pattern recognition of budgerigar calls, the quantitative study on characteristic
parameters of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars is further given in this paper. These results open up a new knowledge
for comprehensive analyses of abnormalities of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars prior to earthquakes. Under indoor
lighting, the song calls in budgerigars are possessed of the beginning and ending singing time with the natural characteristics,
and of the rhythmic habit of daylight singings and night rests. In daily daylight and night calls, single calls, vari-toned
calls, mono-syllabic and multi-syllabic protest calls are respectively possessed of the occupation habit corresponding to
behavior activities, and have close acrophases and regular following properties corresponding to half-value phases, and the
acrophases delay half-value phases by about half an hour on an average. After reversing lighting, the acrophases of budgerigar
calls delay those of the normal lighting by about 12 hours on an average, and the following properties corresponding to half-value
phases are irregular.
This subject is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
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Ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｈａｂｉｔｓｉｎｂｕｄｇｅｒｉｇａｒｓ（Ｍｅｌｏｐｓｉｔｔａｃｕｓｕｎｄｕｌａｆｕｓ）Ｊｉｎ－ＣｈａｎｇＪＩＡＮＧ（蒋锦昌）；Ｈ... 相似文献
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On the bases of the studies of acoustic behavior and pattern recognition of budgerigar calls, the quantitative study on characteristic parameters of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars is further given in this paper. These results open up a new knowledge for comprehensive analyses of abnormalities of acoustic behavior habits in budgerigars prior to earthquakes. Under indoor lighting, the song calls in budgerigars are possessed of the beginning and ending singing time with the natural characteristics, and of the rhythmic habit of daylight singings and night rests. In daily daylight and night calls, single calls, vari-toned calls, mono-syllabic and multi-syllabic protest calls are respectively possessed of the occupation habit corresponding to behavior activities, and have close acrophases and regular following properties corresponding to half-value phases, and the acrophases delay half-value phases by about half an hour on an average. After reversing lighting, the acrophases of budgerigar calls delay those of the normal lighting by about 12 hours on an average, and the following properties corresponding to half-value phases are irregular. 相似文献
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Laboratory measurements, and a few in situ observations, show that saturated marine sediments have interdependent mechanical and acoustical properties, Acoustically, of particular importance are the acoustic impedance, velocity of sound and the sound attenuation coefficient of the sediment. The first two properties can be measured relatively easily from a surface ship; the measurement of attenuation however, is more problematical. It is suggested that this can be achieved by a quantitative treatment of the acoustic data collected during routine sub-bottom profiling over a variable thickness of superficial sediments. In the assessment of four different sediment locations in the Irish Sea it was found that quantitative treatment of the acoustic signals yielded both a value of the attenuation coefficient as well as a measure of the frequency dependence of the attenuation. In addition a statistical analysis of the signal intensities seems to provide an indication of the relative roughness of the bottom and sub-bottom interfaces. From the wide range of information provided the mechanical properties of the sea-floor sediment may be estimated. 相似文献
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本文根据近十年来我国地声观测的某些结果, 分析了地声的时-空分布特点, 并估计了透入基岩面上和水面中的声压.同时与震前动物异常特点, 以及与人和某些动物的听觉和振动感受器的敏感阈值进行了比较.最后, 对唐山余震期间同时段内鱼和地声活动的观察结果, 进行了相关分析.其结果如下:1.地声和动物异常的时-空分布图式基本相似, 并可认为都是临震前兆.2.三级左右地震震中附近地区, 地声透入基岩面上和水面中的声压, 在150——250赫芝频段内, 分别为23——19分贝和90——86分贝.由此可见, 人耳是不可能感觉到的, 但是通常在地面上栖息的猫、狗、雉和穴居的鼠是可能觉察到的, 而骨鳔鱼类可能优先于这些陆生动物觉察到水中的地声信息.同时, 基岩面位移的垂直振幅约为10-7厘米.这虽比某些动物的振动感受器的阈振幅约低3个数量级.但可推测, 在强烈地震前的地面位移的垂直振幅可达到或超过微米量级.这就可能为这些动物的振动感受器觉察到.3.相距约20公里的鱼和地声活动观察点, 同期内的观察结果表明, 它们共同反映了同一地区内的唐山余震活动.同时, 鱼和地声活动的日频度序列之间具有一定的互相关性. 相似文献
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本文把模糊模式识别的直接方法用于综合分析多台多种手段观测到的地震前兆资料,以便提取较大地震前几个月内可能出现的中短期前兆异常信息。 所用方法的基本技巧是,对每一个台的每一种前兆观测手段建立起适当的前兆从属函数,并进而确定出多手段或多台的综合前兆从属函数。首先以综合前兆从属函数为基础,识别出某一地区较大地震前出现的中短期前兆异常,然后将其归纳成可用于地震预报的中短期前兆模式。 借助于所提出的方法,本文着重分析处理了1979——1986年间日本东海地区及其邻近地区3个倾斜台、2个验潮站、2个水氡观测站、2个水位观测点和30个体积应变观测点的大量前兆观测资料,识别出了这一期间在该地区内发生的10余次6级以上地震前的中短期前兆异常时间,并得出了两类地震前兆模式:第一类前兆模式适用于在该地区内进行多种前兆手段的综合分析预报;第二类前兆模式适用于单种前兆手段(体积应变)的多台综合分析预报。 为对比起见,文中同时给出了我国唐山7.8级地震及其6.9级强余震前多台水氡含量变化的中短期前兆综合分析识别结果,所得出的前兆模式与日本东海地区的第二类前兆模式相符。 相似文献
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF ULTRASONIC CODA WAVE AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING ROCK LOADING AND DEFORMATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 YANG Hai-ming CHEN Shun-yun LIU Pei-xun GUO Yan-shuang ZHUO Yan-qun QI Wen-bo 《地震地质》1979,42(3):715-731
The coda wave propagation path has received extensive attention as it is more sensitive to small changes in the medium than the direct wave. During the process of loading, the wave velocity, medium or source changes may cause the coda wave to change. The physical mechanism of change in the ultrasonic coda wave varies during different deformation stages. Meanwhile, there exist local damages in the rock sample during the deformation, and it will be accompanied by acoustic emission. Combining the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission is beneficial to characterize the coda wave characteristics and damage degree of the sample at different deformation stages. In this paper, three kinds of rocks, including granodiorite, marble and sandstone with the sizes of 50mm×50mm×150mm, are used to carry out observations of ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission during the whole process of loading so as to study characteristics of the coda wave at different deformation stages. The major results are given below: 1)There is a good correspondence between the coda wave variation and the acoustic emission evolution process. When the acoustic emission frequency increases, the coda wave changes accordingly. In particular, the coda wave changes in the early stages of increased acoustic emission frequency, which indicates that the early damage information of rock can be obtained by analysis of the coda wave. 2)The physical mechanism of the coda wave change is different in different deformation stages. At the initial stage of loading, there are obvious scatterer changes in the coda wave change; then, in the linear elastic deformation stage, the wave velocity change is dominating; in the late-stage of loading, the scatterer change increases and coexists with the wave velocity change, the scatterer change effect is related with the rock micro-fracture degree, the rock will locally be damaged before rupturing, and the role of the scatterer will be enhanced. 3)With the increase of loading, the amplitude of increase of the wave velocity generally decreases gradually, which is basically consistent with the understanding obtained through the direct wave. The interference of acoustic emission can be eliminated because of the Kaiser effect when analyzing the coda wave. The consistency of the wave velocity change and stress loading and unloading is further verified. 4)The micro-fracture generated during rock deformation will change the physical mechanism of the coda wave change, and the scatterer effect will be significantly enhanced. At the same time, the acoustic emission waveform will cause interference to the ultrasonic coda wave. This means that attention needs to be paid when analyzing rock damage using only coda wave data. In short, the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission can reflect the damage inside the rock, and the change mechanism of the coda wave in different deformation stages is different. The joint observation of the two can play a mutual verification role, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the observation results. 相似文献
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Radioacoustic sounding (RASS), normally used for temperature profiling, can also be applied for wind measurements. The RASS detects echoes of radar waves, which have been scattered at acoustic waves, and derives the sound velocity from the frequency shift. From the difference of sound velocities measured under different beam directions windprofiles can be determined. Ground clutter does not principally interfere with RASS echoes due to their big frequency shift. Therefore, RASS can supplement radar wind profilers at lower levels where clear-air echoes may be not detectable due to ground clutter. The upper measuring altitude of RASS is limited to a few thousand radar wavelengths by the sound absorption and by the drift of the focal spot of the RASS echo. A further alternative for low-level wind measurements is the Doppler sodar. It is less sensitive to ground clutter than radar, but the measuring height is also limited by sound absorption. It requires no frequency allocation and may therefore be the only choice at some locations. In Germany, Doppler sodars have been operating successfully on a routine basis for more than 10 years at several sites for environmental monitoring purposes. 相似文献