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1.
Using GB-SAR technique to monitor slow moving landslide 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Linhsia Noferini Massimiliano Pieraccini Daniele Mecatti Giovanni Macaluso Carlo Atzeni Matteo Mantovani Gianluca Marcato Alessandro Pasuto Sandro Silvano Fabrizio Tagliavini 《Engineering Geology》2007,95(3-4):88-98
A Ground-Based SAR (GB-SAR) interferometer was employed to measure the surface displacements of a landslide occurring in the Carnian Alps, north-eastern Italy, which has affected a national road and seriously damaged a road tunnel still under construction. Moreover, since the landslide is located on the left bank of the Tagliamento River Valley, it is feared that this mass movement might dam the river, creating a basin that would increase natural hazard for the valley inhabitants. The data collected from December 2002 to July 2005 by a conventional monitoring system, consisting of a GPS network and boreholes equipped with inclinometric tubes, showed that the landslide was moving at a quasi-constant rate of about 3 cm per year. Due to the slow deformation rate of the landslide, a recently developed GB-SAR technique based on the analysis of a restricted ensemble of coherent points was used. Two surveys, each lasting two days, were planned in December 2004 and July 2005, in order to map and measure the surface displacements that occurred over time. The results from the radar were compared with the ones derived from the GPS monitoring network. An agreement was achieved among the data collected, showing the capability of the GB-SAR technique to measure displacements even within a time span of several months between the surveys. 相似文献
2.
不同降雨条件下黄土高原浅层滑坡危险性预测评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄土地区浅层滑坡发育非常广泛,由于其具有分布规律性差、前期变形迹象小、分布范围大、面小点多等特征,目前还无法进行有效预测,因此给黄土地区工程安全带来严重威胁。根据无限边坡模型,结合降雨入渗-土体强度衰减规律和GIS（地理信息系统）技术,构建了不同降雨条件下黄土地区浅层滑坡发育危险性评价模型,并将该评价模型应用到延河一级支流幸福川流域,预测在有效降雨量30、50、100、200 mm条件下,该流域浅层滑坡发育程度,并与当前较为流行的SINMAP模型(地形稳定性模型)进行对比。结果表明：①不稳定和潜在不稳定浅层滑坡主要分布在末级河流的两侧和源头,稳定和较稳定区域主要分布在一级河流河道两侧和塬面上;通过对比分析,SINMAP模型计算的结果与本文建立的模型在降雨强度30 mm时的计算结果较为一致。②在本文建立的模型评价结果中,随着有效降雨量的增加,Fs（稳定性系数）<1.00的不稳定区域所占比例逐渐增加,从30 mm的1.12%到200 mm的4.79%;相反,稳定区域则出现逐渐减少的趋势。③根据已发生灾害点的分布,随着有效降雨量的增加,研究区域已发生的灾害点分布在Fs<1.25的比例明显增加,从30 mm的62%到200 mm的88%,在SINMAP评价模型中,研究区域已发生的灾害点的64%分布在不稳定和潜在不稳定区域内,说明本文所建立的评价模型具有一定的精度。通过与SINMAP评价模型对比,本文建立的模型主要采用基于降雨入渗规律,而SINMAP评价模型主要基于降雨汇流过程,因此在利用过程中应根据区域特征选择利用。 相似文献
3.
A. Demoulin 《地学学报》2006,18(4):290-298
Although desirable for a reliable hazard assessment, rate estimates of landslide motion rarely combine a good time resolution and a sufficiently long time of observation. Here, both angles are tackled for the Manaihan landslide (East Belgium), dramatically reactivated in September 1998. I monitored the landslide displacements by repeated Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys from 1999 to 2005. Two digital elevation models were also produced, one of the landslide topography in 1999 by GPS and a second by stereophotogrammetry from aerial photographs of 1953. Subtracting one model from the other, I mapped the height changes within the landslide over the 1953–1999 period. All measurements consistently showed that, beyond the sudden ～1.5 m slip of September 1998, the landslide moved at a mean rate of c. 20 cm yr?1 since 1980. Most displacements occurred around the winter's end, when long‐lasting precipitation combined with minimal evaporation and occasional intense daily rainfall. The motions are spatially determined by seepage from a broken sewage pipe inducing local high pore pressures. Terra Nova, 18, 290–298, 2006 相似文献
4.
The determination of statistical and deterministic hydrological landslide-triggering thresholds 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
Mark T. J. Terlien 《Environmental Geology》1998,35(2-3):124-130
Hydrological landslide-triggering thresholds separate combinations of daily and antecedent rainfall or of rainfall intensity
and duration that triggered landslides from those that failed to trigger landslides. They are required for the development
of landslide early warning systems. When a large data set on rainfall and landslide occurrence is available, hydrological
triggering thresholds are determined in a statistical way. When the data on landslide occurrence is limited, deterministic
models have to be used. For shallow landslides directly triggered by percolating rainfall, triggering thresholds can be established
by means of one-dimensional hydrological models linked to the infinite slope model. In the case of relatively deep landslides
located in topographic hollows and triggered by a slow accumulation of water at the soil-bedrock contact, simple correlations
between landslide occurrence and rainfall can no longer be established. Therefore real-time failure probabilities have to
be determined using hydrological catchment models in combination with the infinite slope model.
Received: 15 October 1997 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
5.
在快速城镇化背景下,人类活动已成为影响滑坡分布的重要因素。文章以重庆武隆区为例,基于1991—2015年330处历史滑坡数据,运用重力模型和标准差椭圆模型,揭示了武隆区滑坡灾害的时空演变格局;利用地理探测器分析了2001—2005、2006—2010和2011—2015三个时段滑坡分布的驱动因子,解释了滑坡驱动因子演变的机制。结果表明:（1）在时间分布上,武隆滑坡累计曲线呈现出“缓-陡-缓”的特征,2008年之前,滑坡发生速率随降雨量的增加而增长,而后在降雨量保持稳定的情况下,滑坡发生速率明显减缓;（2）在空间分布上,武隆滑坡集聚于西、中、东3个高发区,呈现出由西北—东南方向转向东北—西南方向的变化过程,并表现出方向性减弱和离散化的趋势;（3）在驱动因子上,降雨、地质因子和地形地貌等因子的解释力呈下降趋势,而人类活动因子的解释力不断增强,已逐渐成为影响滑坡分布的关键影响因素之一。研究成果可为三峡库区滑坡灾害防灾减灾工作部署提供依据。 相似文献
6.
Regional prediction of landslide hazard using probability analysis of intense rainfall in the Hoa Binh province, Vietnam 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
Dieu Tien Bui Biswajeet Pradhan Owe Lofman Inge Revhaug Øystein B. Dick 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):707-730
The main objective of this study is to assess regional landslide hazards in the Hoa Binh province of Vietnam. A landslide inventory map was constructed from various sources with data mainly for a period of 21 years from 1990 to 2010. The historic inventory of these failures shows that rainfall is the main triggering factor in this region. The probability of the occurrence of episodes of rainfall and the rainfall threshold were deduced from records of rainfall for the aforementioned period. The rainfall threshold model was generated based on daily and cumulative values of antecedent rainfall of the landslide events. The result shows that 15-day antecedent rainfall gives the best fit for the existing landslides in the inventory. The rainfall threshold model was validated using the rainfall and landslide events that occurred in 2010 that were not considered in building the threshold model. The result was used for estimating temporal probability of a landslide to occur using a Poisson probability model. Prior to this work, five landslide susceptibility maps were constructed for the study area using support vector machines, logistic regression, evidential belief functions, Bayesian-regularized neural networks, and neuro-fuzzy models. These susceptibility maps provide information on the spatial prediction probability of landslide occurrence in the area. Finally, landslide hazard maps were generated by integrating the spatial and the temporal probability of landslide. A total of 15 specific landslide hazard maps were generated considering three time periods of 1, 3, and 5 years. 相似文献
7.
三峡库区黄土坡滑坡降雨入渗模型研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
传统的入渗模型未考虑坡角和降雨强度对滑坡入渗过程的影响,为了更好地描述黄土坡滑坡降雨入渗过程,在Green- Ampt入渗模型的基础上推导了考虑坡体倾角和小降雨强度影响的降雨入渗模型。为了获取改进的入渗模型参数,在黄土坡滑坡1#崩滑体上进行了双环渗透试验与降雨、土的含水率和基质吸力现场监测。结果表明,黄土坡滑坡1#崩滑体饱和渗透系数为4.81×10-5 m/s;降雨时体积含水率增加,降雨停止后体积含水率降低,深部表现出一定的滞后特性;基质吸力变化趋势与体积含水率相反,降雨使其减小,降雨停止后逐渐增大。通过双环渗透试验与现场监测,获取了黄土坡滑坡降雨入渗模型参数值。将入渗模型计算值与现场监测数据进行对比,该模型计算值与现场监测数据吻合,说明该降雨入渗模型可用于黄土坡滑坡降雨入渗分析。 相似文献
8.
This paper deals with the landslides that are reactivated by a groundwater level increase owing to rainfall. These landslides are usually characterized by low displacement rate with deformations essentially concentrated within a narrow shear zone above which the unstable soil mass moves like a rigid body (i.e., with a horizontal displacement profile that is essentially constant with depth). In view of this evidence, a new method based on a simple sliding block model is proposed in the present study for a preliminary evaluation of landslide mobility. Unlike other existing methods that provide an evaluation of landslide mobility on the basis of groundwater level measurements, the present method directly relates landslide movements to rain recordings. This possibility constitutes a significant advantage from a practical viewpoint because it allows future displacement scenarios to be predicted from expected rainfall scenarios. In addition, the present method requires a limited number of parameters as input data, many of which can be obtained from conventional geotechnical tests. To evaluate the other parameters involved, an efficient calibration procedure is also proposed. Four case studies documented in the literature are analyzed to assess the capability of the present method to reproduce the main features of the slope response to rainfall. In all these case studies, both groundwater level variations and landslide displacements observed in field are well approximated by the method. 相似文献
9.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(3):101378
Frequent soil landslide events are recorded in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China, making it necessary to investigate the failure mode of such riverside landslides. Geotechnical centrifugal test is considered to be the most realistic laboratory model, which can reconstruct the required geo-stress. In this study, the Liangshuijing landslide in the Three Gorgers Reservoir area is selected for a scaled centrifugal model experiment, and a water pump system is employed to retain the rainfall condition. Using the techniques of digital photography and pore water pressure transducers, water level fluctuation is controlled, and multi-physical data are thus obtained, including the pore water pressure, earth pressure, surface displacement and deep displacement. The analysis results indicate that: Three stages were set in the test (waterflooding stage, rainfall stage and drainage stage). Seven transverse cracks with wide of 1–5 mm appeared during the model test, of which 3 cracks at the toe landslide were caused by reservoir water fluctuation, and the cracks at the middle and rear part were caused by rainfall. During rainfall process, the maximum displacement of landslide model reaches 3 cm. And the maximum deformation of the model exceeds 12 cm at the drainage stage. The failure process of the slope model can be divided into four stages: microcracks appearance and propagation stage, thrust-type failure stage, retrogressive failure stage, and holistic failure stage. When the thrust-type zone caused by rainfall was connected or even overlapped with the retrogressive failure zone caused by the drainage, the landslide would start, which displayed a typical composite failure pattern. The failure mode and deformation mechanism under the coupling actions of water level fluctuation and rainfall are revealed in the model test, which could appropriately guide for the analysis and evaluation of riverside landslides. 相似文献
10.
Movement of deep-seated rainfall-induced landslide at Hsiaolin Village during Typhoon Morakot 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yu-Shu Kuo Yuan-Jung Tsai Yu-Shiu Chen Chjeng-Lun Shieh Kuniaki Miyamoto Takahiro Itoh 《Landslides》2013,10(2):191-202
This study analyzes the mechanism of the landslide event at Hsiaolin Village during Typhoon Morakot in 2009. This landslide event resulted in 400 deaths. The extremely high intensity and accumulative rainfall events may cause large-scale and complex landslide disasters. To study and understand a landslide event, a combination of field investigations and numerical models is used. The landslide area is determined by comparing topographic information from before and after the event. Physiographic parameters are determined from field investigations. These parameters are applied to a numerical model to simulate the landslide process. Due to the high intensity of the rainfall event, 1,675 mm during the 80 h before the landslide event, the water content of soil was rapidly increased causing a landslide to occur. According to the survivors, the total duration of the landslide run out was less than 3 min. Simulation results indicated that the total duration was about 150 s. After the landslide occurrence, the landslide mass separated into two parts by a spur at EL 590 in about 30 to 50 s. One part passed the spur in about 30 to 60 s. One part inundated the Hsiaolin Village and the other deposited at a local river channel and formed a landslide dam. The landslide dam had height between 50 and 60 m and length between 800 and 900 m. The simulation result shows that the proposed model can be used to evaluate the potential areas of landslides induced by extremely high intensity rainfall events. 相似文献
11.
降雨量和位移是当前降雨型滑坡监测预警最常用的指标。然而,降雨量和位移监测结果只能反映降雨作用下滑坡的变形情况,不能揭示滑坡内在物理力学性状对降雨的响应。因此,除降雨量和位移监测之外,建立包括体积含水率、基质吸力等反映滑坡动态演化过程的关键指标监测体系必将成为今后更真实地把握滑坡内在演化趋势、更准确地建立滑坡综合预警判据的最有效手段。笔者对赣南地区典型降雨型滑坡进行了多指标监测及综合预警示范研究。结果表明:(1)在降雨条件下滑坡土体内部体积含水率、基质吸力和温度等多指标均产生有规律的动态响应;(2)随着降雨的持续,滑体体积含水率与基质吸力的变化均具有显著的滞后现象;(3)体积含水率和基质吸力变化速率与滑体位移具有显著的正相关性;(4)滑体温度分布变化规律受大气温度和体积含水率的共同影响。以实测数据的滑坡稳定性分析为基准,在考虑实际降雨入渗深度与滑坡稳定性的关联度上,建立了包括日降雨量、体积含水率增加速率、基质吸力减小速率以及位移速度多元指标预警方法体系,提出了基于关键指标综合预警体系及确定方法,旨在为降雨滑坡准确预警提供新模式。 相似文献
12.
以三舟溪滑坡为例,运用HYDRUS-1D模拟软件,对由于降雨影响造成滑坡土壤不饱和区的土壤水运动进行模拟计算,为滑坡体降雨入渗规律研究提供参考依据。将模拟计算结果与实际监测结果进行对比,发现在考虑降雨影响下,评价滑坡体降雨入渗规律采用Hydrus-1D是可靠的。受降雨特征和初始含水率的影响,降雨对地下水位的影响存在滞后作用,5月25日和5月29日降雨期间,湿润锋到达模型底部所用的时间分别为 6 h、19.2 h。 相似文献
13.
Zhiyong Wu Yanli Wu Yitian Yang Fuwei Chen Na Zhang Yutian Ke Wenping Li 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(8):187
The logistic regression and statistical index models are applied and verified for landslide susceptibility mapping in Daguan County, Yunnan Province, China, by means of the geographic information system (GIS). A detailed landslide inventory map was prepared by literatures, aerial photographs, and supported by field works. Fifteen landslide-conditioning factors were considered: slope angle, slope aspect, curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, altitude, STI, SPI, and TWI were derived from digital elevation model; NDVI was extracted from Landsat ETM7; rainfall was obtained from local rainfall data; distance to faults, distance to roads, and distance to rivers were created from a 1:25,000 scale topographic map; the lithology was extracted from geological map. Using these factors, the landslide susceptibility maps were prepared by LR and SI models. The accuracy of the results was verified by using existing landslide locations. The statistical index model had a predictive rate of 81.02%, which is more accurate prediction in comparison with logistic regression model (80.29%). The models can be used to land-use planning in the study area. 相似文献
14.
提高降雨型滑坡危险性预警精度和空间辨识度具有重要意义.以江西宁都县1980—2001年156个降雨型滑坡为例,首先基于传统的EE-D（early effective rainfall-rainfall duration）阈值法计算不同降雨诱发滑坡的时间概率级别;然后以各级别临界降雨阈值曲线对应的时间概率为因变量,并以对应的前期有效降雨量（early effective rainfall,EE）和降雨历时（D）为自变量,采用逻辑回归拟合出上述因变量与自变量之间的非线性关系,得到降雨诱发滑坡的连续概率值;之后对比C5.0决策树和多层感知器的滑坡易发性预测性能;最后利用降雨诱发滑坡的连续概率值与易发性图相耦合以实现连续概率滑坡危险性预警.结果显示:（1）宁都降雨型滑坡连续概率值的逻辑回归方程为1/P=1+e4.062+0.747 4×D-0.079 44×EE,其拟合优度为0.983;（2）2002—2003年的20处用于连续概率阈值测试的降雨型滑坡大都落在连续概率值大于0.7的区域,只有4处落在小于0.7的区域;（3）C5.0决策树预测滑坡易发性的精度显著高于多层感知器;（4）近5年的4次降雨型滑坡的连续概率危险性值都在0.8以上,且高和极高预警区的面积较传统滑坡危险性分区更小.可见连续概率滑坡危险性预警法相较于传统危险性分区法具有更高的预警精度和空间辨识度,且通过叠加滑坡易发性图及其临界降雨阈值可开展实时滑坡危险性预警制图. 相似文献
15.
降雨及库水位联合作用下秭归八字门滑坡稳定性预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对三峡库区库水位调控方案和极端降雨情况,对秭归县八字门滑坡稳定性分析设置了10种计算工况,采用SEEP/W软件模拟该滑坡在降雨入渗及库水位联合作用下的暂态渗流场,并利用SLOPE/W软件,将暂态孔隙水压力分布用于该滑坡的极限平衡分析中,确定不同工况下（不同降雨强度）的滑坡稳定性系数,据此采用降雨量对该滑坡进行失稳预测。研究认为：150 mm/d以上的降雨量对该滑坡影响较大,降雨入渗具有滞后性;在相同的降雨量情况下,1 d的降雨强度比5 d的连续降雨对滑坡体的稳定性影响更明显;在水位从175 m降至145 m的过程中,临界雨量为100 mm/d时,滑坡就可能失稳;水位从145 m升至175 m的过程中和175 mm稳定水位时,当临界雨量为200 mm/d时,滑坡才可能失稳,即水位骤降过程中滑坡失稳概率大。不同工况下的滑坡土体含水率分析结果表明,降雨影响的主要是上部土体,下部土体含水率受控于地下水位,即降雨更容易引起浅层滑坡与局部滑坡 相似文献
16.
The Kualiangzi landslide was triggered by heavy rainfalls in the “red beds” area of Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. Differing from other bedrock landslides, the movement of the Kualiangzi landslide was controlled by the subvertical cracks and a subhorizontal bedding plane (dip angle < 10°). The ingress of rainwater in the cracks formed a unique groundwater environment in the slope. Field measurement for rainfall, groundwater movement, and slope displacement has been made for the Kualiangzi landslide since 2013. The field monitoring system consists of two rainfall gauges, seven piezometers, five water-level gauges, and two GPS data loggers. The equipments are embedded near a longitudinal section of the landslide, where severe deformation has been observed in the past 3 years. The groundwater responses to four heavy rainfall events were analyzed between June 16 and July 24 in 2013 coincided with the flood season in Sichuan. Results showed that both of the water level and the pore-water pressure increased after each rainfall event with delay in the response time with respect to the precipitation. The maximum time lag reached 35 h occurred in a heavy rainfall event with cumulative precipitation of 127 mm; such lag effect was significantly weakened in the subsequent heavy rainfall events. In each presented rainfall event, longer infiltration period in the bedrock in the upper slope increased the response time of groundwater, compared to that of in the gravels in the lower slope. A translational landslide conceptual model was built for the Kualiangzi landslide, and the time lag was attributed to the gradual formation of the uplift pressure on the slip surface and the softening of soils at the slip surface. Another important observation is the effect on the slope movement which was caused by the water level (H w) in the transverse tension trough developed at the rear edge of the landslide. Significant negative correlation was found for H w and the slope stability factor (F s), in particular for the last two heavy rainfall events, of which the drastic increase of water level caused significant deterioration in the slope stability. The rapid drop (Δ?=?22.5 kPa) of pore-water pressure in the deep bedrock within 1 h and the large increase (Δ?=?87.3 mm) of surficial displacement were both monitored in the same period. In the end, a four-level early warning system is established through utilizing H w and the displacement rate D r as the warning indicators. When the large deformation occurred in flood season, the habitants at the leading edge of the landslide can be evacuated in time. 相似文献
17.
滑坡是池州最严重的地质灾害.滑坡的形成除与地质条件有关外,降水和人类工程活动是很重要的诱发因素.通过分析大量的滑坡资料和气象(雨量)数据,研究和探讨了滑坡的发生与降水特征之间的关系,发现滑坡的发生与近3天内的降水强度、过程降水总雨量、降水的持续时间等关系十分密切.结合国内邻近省区的分析结论,建立了一个用日综合雨量预测滑坡的数学统计模型,并对池州1995、1998、1999年3次滑坡等重大突发性地质灾害过程进行了检验,效果良好. 相似文献
18.
库水和降雨直接导致水库滑坡地下水变动,是诱发滑坡的主要因素。已有研究大多是基于监测数据探讨库水与降雨对滑坡变形的影响,未能揭示水库滑坡地下水响应规律,地下水浸润线计算模型没有同时考虑降雨和库水的影响,且模型边界条件与水库滑坡实际情况差别较大。为了揭示大型水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律,需要构建更接近实际情况的地下水位浸润线计算模型。通过三峡水库石榴树包滑坡地下水动态监测,揭示了库水水位变化和降雨条件下滑坡地下水水位动态响应规律,其地下水渗流场近似层流,滑坡前缘和中部的地下水水位与库水位几乎同步,滑坡后部的地下水水位主要受降雨影响,日降雨30 mm会引发地下水水位明显变动。在周期性库水位变化和随机降雨耦合条件下,建立了滑坡地下水非稳定渗流微分方程,解算出水库滑坡地下水位浸润线计算模型,并采用实际监测结果进行了验证。应用计算模型分析了不同工况条件下的滑坡渗流场,并得出滑坡内距前缘水平距离145 m内,库水对地下水有影响;引发地下水变动的降雨和库水位变化阈值分别为0.03,0.1 m/d,且不同的条件组合下降雨和库水位对地下水水位影响存在一定差异。 相似文献
19.
This paper deals with landslide hazards and risk analysis of Penang Island, Malaysia using Geographic Information System (GIS)
and remote sensing data. Landslide locations in the study area were identified from interpretations of aerial photographs
and field surveys. Topographical/geological data and satellite images were collected and processed using GIS and image processing
tools. There are ten landslide inducing parameters which are considered for landslide hazard analysis. These parameters are
topographic slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage, all derived from the topographic database; geology and distance
from lineament, derived from the geologic database; landuse from Landsat satellite images; soil from the soil database; precipitation
amount, derived from the rainfall database; and the vegetation index value from SPOT satellite images. Landslide susceptibility
was analyzed using landslide-occurrence factors employing the probability-frequency ratio model. The results of the analysis
were verified using the landslide location data and compared with the probabilistic model. The accuracy observed was 80.03%.
The qualitative landslide hazard analysis was carried out using the frequency ratio model through the map overlay analysis
in GIS environment. The accuracy of hazard map was 86.41%. Further, risk analysis was done by studying the landslide hazard
map and damageable objects at risk. This information could be used to estimate the risk to population, property and existing
infrastructure like transportation network. 相似文献