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1.
海底水－沉积物界面系统中稀土元素的变化及配分特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用”大洋多金属结核调查“期间”海洋4“号调查船HY4-871、881航次在东太平洋海盆取得的底层水、沉积物、间隙水及多金属结核样品,对比研究了稀土元素(REE)在海底水-沉积物界面系统不同物质相中的分布变化及配分特征。结果表明,在大洋氧化性沉积物间隙水中REE相对于底层水亏损。除Ce外,沉积物与多金属结核REE含量较为接近。底层水、沉积物、间隙水REE配分特征极为相似,都表现出中稀土相对于轻、重稀土的轻度分离和富集,Ce表现为负异常。多金属结核中中稀土也有类似的富集倾向,但Ce主要表现为正异常。随深度的增加,沉积物REE含量增加,但其配分模式不变。 相似文献
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本文利用“大洋多金属结核调查”期间“海洋４”号调查船ＨＹ_４－８７１、８８１航次在东太平洋海盆取得的底层水、沉积物、间隙水及多金属结核样品，对比研究了稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）在海底水－沉积物界面系统不同物质相中的分布变化及配分特征。结果表明，在大洋氧化性沉积物间隙水中ＲＥＥ相对于底层水亏损。除Ｃｅ外，沉积物与多金属结核ＲＥＥ含量较为接近。底层水、沉积物、间隙水ＲＥＥ配分特征极为相似，都表现出中稀土相对于轻、重稀土的轻度分离和富集，Ｃｅ表现为负异常。多金属结核中中稀土也有类似的富集倾向，但Ｃｅ主要表现为正异常。随深度的增加，沉积物ＲＥＥ含量增加，但其配分模式不变。 相似文献
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稀土是不可再生的重要自然资源,在高科技、冶金、石油、农业等领域广泛应用,因此对稀土的研究具有重要的应用价值和战略意义。本研究概述了国内外海洋环境中稀土元素研究进展,总结了稀土元素在海底沉积物、多金属结核(结壳)、热液硫化物以及海水中的来源、分布及控制因素,发现在多金属结核(结壳)及南太平洋东部、北太平洋中部和日本南鸟岛以南地区的深海泥中稀土元素比较富集,有一定开采价值;深海沉积物中的稀土元素主要受沉积物类型和海底火山活动影响,而陆缘海主要受粒度和物源影响,多金属结核(结壳)则主要受构造背景和氧化还原环境影响;对当前稀土研究中可能存在的问题进行了探讨,提出在稀土元素研究中应灵活应用新的研究手段。 相似文献
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热液区沉积物接受了大量热液物质的输入,其矿物组成及地球化学空间分布特征是多金属硫化物勘探的有效指标。由于重力作用,洋中脊区域沉积物主要分布于低洼和平坦地形区。为了探索地形因素对热液区沉积物分布的影响规律,本文通过ArcGIS提出了一种基于地形数据的海底热液区沉积物分布趋势预测方法,并对西南印度洋中脊龙角区地形数据进行了分析,包括沉积物重力搬运方向提取、沉积物汇集量估算、海底沟谷提取和沉积物源区划分。通过与研究区底质解译结果进行对比验证发现,预测结果与研究区内沉积物的实际分布范围较为吻合,表明本方法在一定程度上可以有效地指示地形影响下海底热液区沉积物的分布情况。本方法对海底硫化物矿产勘探工作具有一定指导意义,可为海底沉积物取样站位设置与海底硫化物成矿远景区圈定提供参考依据。 相似文献
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大洋多金属结核矿区沉积物土工性质 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
利用1994年大洋多金属结核调查所获得的土工资料,结合以往有关资料进行了综合分析。研究了大洋沉积物类型、沉积物土工性质、土质强度等,为未来海底工程设施和多金属结核开采设备的设计与制造提供依据。 相似文献
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胶州湾口海底沙波的类型、特征及发育影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
采用多波束资料对胶州湾口的海底沙波类型、特征进行了研究,发现研究区主要有线性沙波(二维)、沙丘(三维)2种沙波类型。结合水流流速、海底构造和表层沉积物综合分析发现:海底沙波缓坡朝向与优势流向不完全一致,为强流作用的产物,在涨、落潮作用下均可形成;沉积物的多寡是研究区海底沙波类型分布的决定因素,海底松散沉积物较为丰富的地区形成二维沙波。在水动力强大的胶州湾口,沉积物多分布在构造低洼地带,使二维线性沙波的分布与海底断裂延伸方向一致。 相似文献
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中国多金属结核开辟区的深海环境 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
阐述了中国多金属结核开辟区深海环境的水文、生物和化学特征。开辟区海域水柱由表层混合层、温跃层、海底温跃层和海底边界层等不同水层构成，整个海域水动力条件总体上较为缓慢，但也存在着周期性的水流速度大于15cm/s的海底风暴；区内海底生态系统的显著特点是极低的生产力和生物过程速率，但生物多样性极高；整个区域内表层沉积物分布较均一，以低有机含量的硅质粘土、深海软泥为主，其化学组成上受沉积环境和早期成岩作用的影响和控制。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
北部湾东南海域海底发育大量沙波,利用最新获得的多波束测深、沉积物和水动力数据对沙波形态和分布特征进行综合分析,探讨沉积物特征、水动力条件,海平面变化等不同控制因素对海底沙波发育及分布的影响。结果表明研究区沙波广泛分布于沙脊顶部、沙脊槽中线附近及沙脊槽北端,沙波呈现远岸区尺度较小、对称性较好,近岸区尺度较大、多不对称的分布特征。海底沙波的发育和分布受现代潮流作用和沉积物特征的共同控制。潮流通道及流速的分布情况与沙波形态、规模的差异性分布一致。表层沉积物具有"远岸细、近岸粗"的特点,与沙波远岸尺度小、近岸尺度大的分布规律有较好的对应关系。此外,研究区出现有近对称形态的沙波,可能为海平面变化期间多期潮流共同作用形成的残余沙波。 相似文献
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南海表层沉积物中Ba/Cu比值与海底扩张关系 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
对南海海底扩张区44个不同类型的表层沉积物中Ba、Cu含量变化及其与粘土、火山碎屑矿物之间关系进行了探讨及对沉积物Ba/Cu比值等值线平面分布趋势与海底扩张轴和转换断层的相关性进行了详细的分析,并计算了南海海底扩张区沉积物中Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Pb和Al的沉积通量,将计算结果与劳海盆(Law Basin)等海隆沉积物中这些元素的沉积通量相比较。分析对比结果表明,南海海底扩张区沉积物中Ba、Cu含量与火山矿物密切相关,沉积物Ba/Cu等值线分布趋向与海底扩张轴和转换断层走向相吻合,从而表明南海海底扩张区沉积物中Ba、Cu等金属元素的分布与富集主要受海底扩张、海底断裂及由此而产生的海底火山活动所控制,沉积物的Ba/Cu比值可考虑作为研究南海海底扩张和海底火山活动的一个重要地球化学标志。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2015,(12)
利用测得的高精度多波束数据,绘制海底三维地形图及海底深度等值线图,对海底地形地貌特征进行了分析。A区海底地形总体上呈NW—SE向延伸的沟—脊相间的条带状分布;B区南部海底地势较平坦,中北部海域地形主要受到岛屿和礁石影响。对研究区海域沉积物进行采集,采用筛析法和激光粒度仪相结合的方法对样品进行分析,并用谢帕德分类图解法将沉积物分为10种类型,绘制研究区表层沉积物类型分布图。根据实测的表层沉积物粒度资料,对沉积物平均粒径、分选系数、偏度及峰态等4种粒度参数进行计算,并绘制粒度参数的等值线图,对各参数的平面分布特征进行分析。测区范围内没有发现严重影响风力发电设施建设的灾害性地质因素存在。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献