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水压致裂技术现已发展成为确定地下洞室三维原地应力状态、高压洞室围岩的自身承载能力以及岩体高压透水性的可靠实用方法,并已经在核废料处置、长大深埋交通隧道以及水电站高压力洞室工程中得到广泛应用。实践表明,综合测定岩体的物理力学参数,充分利用围岩承载力优化工程设计,对确保工程安全和提高设计水平具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The ground water flow path of the coastal area in the Yellow Sea, Korea, was interpreted using both the cross‐correlation analysis of hydraulic properties and the principal component analysis (PCA) of ground water chemistry. Data was obtained from observation wells in the underground liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cavern constructed in the coastal area of Pyeongtaek. Cross‐correlation results showed that the operating pressure became more influenced on artificial factors for the variation of the groundwater level of the study area (45–66% of correlation coefficient) even though its affecting area was limited to the region with fractures or faults, and also showed that the delay time from the variation of operating pressure to the fluctuation of ground water level were relatively long periods (28–31 days). Three hydrogeochemical events (encrusted cement dissolution, host rock dissolution, and seawater intrusion), which were dominantly influenced on ground water quality, could be induced from the result of PCA. Quantitative evaluation for these events using the mixed equation with principal component scores suggest that the dissolution of encrusted cement materials was the predominant factor (39·0% of the total mixed proportion) to change the chemical composition of the seepage water during the ground water flow from the observation wells to the cavern. Integration of the statistical results also imply that ground water flow and hydrogeochemistry were predominantly affected by artificial factors such as cavern operation pressure and dissolution of encrusted cement materials, which were interdependent factors on the observation wells with high cross‐correlation coefficients and pH. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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ＰｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｍｕｌｔｉｗａｖｅｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｉｎｇｉｎＣｈｉｎａＸＩＡＯ－ＰＩＮＧＷＵ（吴小平），ＨＯＮＧ－ＲＵＺＨＡＯ（赵鸿儒）（Ｄ... 相似文献
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采用无限元作为岩体地下洞室静动力分析的边界条件,建立了岩体地下洞室的静动力有限元一无限元(FE-IE)计算模型,分析了柔性垫层对水电站厂房这类大型岩体洞室结构的减震效果.研究结果表明:柔性垫层虽未能从根本上改变岩体洞室结构的地震响应,但是设置一定厚度的柔性垫层后不仅能充分发挥岩体洞室围岩的自承能力,而且还能明显地减小混... 相似文献
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提出了连排钢管混凝土柱带钢板耗能键组合剪力墙,它由钢管混凝土连排柱、柱间钢板耗能键、钢板耗能键外包混凝土条带三种单元组合而成。进行了4个不同设计参数试件的低周反复荷载试验研究。分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、滞回特性、延性和破坏特征,探讨了分灾耗能机制。研究表明:连排钢管混凝土柱带钢板耗能键组合剪力墙,承载力较大,后期刚度较稳定;混凝土条带在开裂与闭合过程中消耗地震能量,钢板耗能键通过弯剪变形消耗地震能量,钢管与混凝土条带共同工作协同耗能,具有良好的抗震耗能机制;这种新型组合剪力墙具有较强综合抗震耗能能力。 相似文献
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深部岩体处于"三高"环境下,表现出不同于浅埋岩体的性质,其变形破裂规律更为复杂(分区破裂、片帮、塑性流动、岩爆等),为了准确描绘深部隧道围岩变形破裂规律,采用PFC从微观角度研究深部岩体的宏观响应。研究发现:随着隧道埋深增加,压力增大,由浅部围岩表面塑性破坏变为深部围岩破裂扩展,破裂区域呈交替分区破裂向深部发展,破裂区的间距与岩性和埋深有关;从横断面看,拱腰先出现破裂,然后拱脚出现破裂,最后贯通形成破裂区;若围岩表面施加外力,破裂区域减小,分区向深部移动,因此预应力锚杆有效地改善了围岩承载特性;研究结果与模型试验吻合,符合深部岩体卸荷作用下的变形破坏规律。结论可为深部岩体工程设计施工提供参考。 相似文献
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为了综合考虑岩爆预测实践中的随机性与模糊性,云模型理论被引入到岩爆预测方法中。然而现有岩爆预测云模型的指标权重值在客观性和准确性方面尚需提高,为此本文提出基于反分析赋权方法的岩爆云模型。在给出该模型具体实现步骤的基础上,推导建立优化目标函数之后选用洞室最大切向应力与岩石抗压强度的比值、岩石抗压强度与抗拉强度的比值、弹性能量指数等作为评判指标,基于18个岩爆工程实例,利用Matlab软件开展了指标权重的反分析计算。最后,将新建立的岩爆预测云模型应用于江边水电站和马路坪矿的岩爆预测中,并与主观赋权方法云模型的预测结果对比分析,检验了其可行性与有效性。研究表明,基于反分析赋权方法的岩爆预测云模型赋权过程中主观性干扰因素较小,预测结果准确率较高。 相似文献
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修建在河流支流入汇口处的水利工程,同时受干、支流洪水共同作用,其防洪水位不但与洪水组合特性有关,还与洪水、水利工程行洪的耦合关系有关.已有采用设计洪水重现期对应的特征洪水组合,或者直接采用经验洪水组合进行调洪计算得到防洪设计水位的方法无法有效反映洪水与水利工程的相互作用.本文结合防洪标准的本质,利用Copula-蒙特卡罗模拟方法对修建在支流入汇口处的水利工程的防洪设计水位进行计算,并以珠江流域西江支流郁江广西桂平航运枢纽水闸为例展开研究.结果表明:Copula-蒙特卡罗模拟方法可以有效考虑干、支流洪水组合特性及其与水利工程行洪的耦合关系,以其计算得到的防洪设计水位唯一且可保证达到防洪标准的要求,可有效克服利用洪水重现期确定防洪设计水位存在的不确定性;在干、支流洪水共同作用下,以设计洪水重现期的不同特征组合计算得到的防洪设计水位相差非常大,且与达到防洪标准要求的防洪设计水位相比完全偏离了合理的误差范围,不宜以设计洪水重现期确定防洪设计水位;利用经验洪水组合计算难以合理反映不同工程的洪水及工程特性.研究成果可为修建在支流入汇口处受干、支流洪水共同影响的水利工程防洪设计提供更合理的理论依据和思路. 相似文献
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Seismic upgrade of hydraulic fill dam by buttressing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The vulnerability of hydraulic fill dams under strong earthquake shaking has long been recognized. When located in areas of high seismic hazard, seismic upgrading of these types of dams is often required to meet current dam safety standards. Selection of an appropriate design concept for seismic upgrading of such dams requires careful consideration of seismically induced deformations when the hydraulic fill is to remain as part of the dam. This paper presents a case history of the seismic upgrade of Butt Valley Dam, a hydraulic fill dam located in Northern California. The dam was strengthened to withstand the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) by buttressing of its upstream and downstream slopes. The paper discusses the evaluation of alternatives to upgrade the dam, the design criteria, and the design and analysis of the seismic upgrade. It is shown that a conservative and robust design was developed based on well-established engineering principles and multiple lines of defense, and sound use of analysis procedures including finite-difference non-linear dynamic deformation analyses. 相似文献
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考虑了高山峡谷基岩场地的深度衰减效应,假设地震危险性分析提供的水平峰值加速度的所在位置,选用攀枝花—会理地震波,通过基线校正和高频滤波作为实际地震动输入,利用FLAC3D软件对某水电站大型地下洞室群进行了地震水平加速度传播特性的研究。数值分析结果表明,厂房周围监测点水平加速度时程和输入地震水平加速度时程相似,但存在0.08～0.12s的滞后时差,输入地震动水平峰值加速度向上传播时具有放大效应,在洞室群附近放大两倍左右。所得结果对大型地下洞室群地震动传播特征问题研究具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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龙马溪组页岩是目前国内页岩气勘探的主要层位之一,其静态弹性性质是影响压裂效果的重要因素,而动态弹性性质则是页岩"甜点"地震预测的重要基础.但对龙马溪组页岩动、静态弹性特征相互关系及其影响因素缺少对比研究,致使运用动态弹性性质进行"甜点"预测时存在不确定性.在对龙马溪组页岩样品系统动、静态性质联合测量基础上,分析了页岩样品动、静态弹性性质的变化规律,并讨论了成岩作用与动、静态弹性性质变化规律的因果关系.研究结果表明,龙马溪组页岩上下两段成岩过程存在明显差异,致使上段页岩在结构上表现为以塑性黏土颗粒作为受力骨架,而下段页岩在结构上逐渐转变为脆性石英颗粒作为受力骨架.页岩岩石结构特征的变化控制了动、静态弹性特征的整体变化规律,表现为动、静态杨氏模量、峰值强度等随石英含量的增大表现出近似"V"型的变化形式,而与钙质含量变化呈现正相关关系,与黏土含量变化表现出负相关性.上段页岩宏观力学性质受微观石英+黏土颗粒集合体弹性性质控制,应力应变曲线表现出明显塑性段,动、静态杨氏模量比大于1.4,破裂易于发生在黏土与石英颗粒边界形成宏观单剪型破裂模式,样品脆性低,且脆性变化不受石英含量的影响.下段页岩宏观力学性质受微观石英颗粒集合体弹性性质控制,应力应变曲线表现为弹性变形,动、静态杨氏模量比小于1.4,破裂发生在石英颗粒内部形成宏观劈裂型破裂模式,样品脆性高,且脆性变化与石英含量呈明显正相关关系.研究结果可为龙马溪页气储层的测井解释和地震"甜点"预测提供依据. 相似文献
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Abstract. A hydrologic test system has been designed to measure the intrinsic permeabilities of individual fractures in crystalline rock. This report contains the design schematics and specifications necessary to build and/or modify this test system for other similar field applications. This system is used to conduct constant pressure/declining flow rate and pressure pulse hydraulic tests. The system is composed of four distinct units: (1) The Packer System, (2) Injection System, (3) Collection System, and (4) Electronic Data Acquisition System. The apparatus is built in modules so it can be easily transported and reassembled. It is also designed to operate over a wide range of pressures (0–300 psig) and flow rates (0.2–1.0 gal/min). This system has proved extremely effective and versatile in its use at the Climax Facility, Nevada Test Site. 相似文献
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目前,针对陆相薄互层油藏实施时移地震监测尚没有明显的突破,加强时移地震方法、理论的研究和应用,对于我国时移地震监测技术的发展和应用具有积极的意义.根据油藏工程理论,在详细分析火烧油层对储层物性影响的基础上,结合已有的实验室岩石物理测量结果,重点就稠油热采过程中温度的剧烈变化对储层岩石和孔隙流体弹性特性的影响进行了较为详细的分析.并开展了薄互层油藏火烧油层地震正演模拟研究.结果表明,在稠油热采过程中,高温高压不仅会使得孔隙流体特性发生显著的改变,而且储层岩石本身弹性特性的变化也非常明显.即使是对于薄层或薄互层,两方面共同的变化将使得稠油热采前后储层弹性特性产生巨大的差异,进而引起显著的地震异常.因此,开展陆相薄互层稠油热采时移地震监测,不仅具有坚实的岩石物理基础,而且具有切实的可行性. 相似文献
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Borehole fluid injections are accompanied by microseismic activity not only during but also after termination of the fluid injection. Previously, this phenomenon has been analysed, assuming that the main triggering mechanism is governed by a linear pressure diffusion in a hydraulically isotropic medium. In this context the so‐called back front of seismicity has been introduced, which allows to characterize the hydraulic transport from the spatiotemporal distribution of post‐injection induced events. However, rocks are generally anisotropic, and in addition, fluid injections can strongly enhance permeability. In this case, permeability becomes a function of pressure. For such situations, we carry out a comprehensive study about the behaviour and parametrization of the back front. Based on a model of a factorized anisotropic pressure dependence of permeability, we present an approach to reconstruct the principal components of the diffusivity tensor. We apply this approach to real microseismic data and show that the back front characterizes the least hydraulic transport. To investigate the back front of non‐linear pore‐fluid pressure diffusion, we numerically consider a power‐law and an exponential‐dependent diffusivity. To account for a post‐injection enhanced hydraulic state of the rock, we introduce a model of a frozen (i.e., nearly unchanged after the stimulation) medium diffusivity and generate synthetic seismicity. We find that, for a weak non‐linearity and 3D exponential diffusion, the linear diffusion back front is still applicable. This finding is in agreement with microseismic data from Ogachi and Fenton Hill. However, for a strong non‐linear fluid–rock interaction such as hydraulic fracturing, the back front can significantly deviate from a time dependence of a linear diffusion back front. This is demonstrated for a data set from the Horn River Basin. Hence, the behaviour of the back front is a strong indicator of a non‐linear fluid–rock interaction. 相似文献
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In order to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of amphibolite and sericite-quartz schist under confi ning pressure, two rocks are subjected to impact loadings with different strain rates and confi ning pressures by using split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment with a confi ning pressure device. Based on the experimental results, the stress-strain curves are analyzed and the effects of confi ning pressure and strain rates on the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain and failure mode are summarized. The results show that:(1) The characteristics of two rocks in the ascent stage of the stressstrain curve are basically the same, but in the descent stage, the rocks gradually show plastic deformation characteristics as the confi ning pressure increases.(2) The dynamic compressive strength and peak strain of two rocks increase as the strain rate increases and the confi ning pressure effects are obvious.(3) Due to the effect of confi ning pressure, the normal stress on the damage surface of the rock increases correspondingly, the bearing capacity of the crack friction exceeds the material cohesion and the slippage of the fractured rock is controlled, which all lead to the compression and shear failure mode of rock. The theoretical analysis and experimental methods to study the dynamic failure mode and other related characteristics of rock are useful in developing standards for engineering practice. 相似文献
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新吹填土含泥量大、含水率大、渗透性差、零承载力,常规地基处理工法无法开展,地基处理面临诸多困难。针对该问题,提出了复式负压固结技术,该技术包括3道工序：改性真空预压、电渗降水和强夯动力固结。改性真空预压使地基得到初步固结,具备一定强度,为后序工作做准备;电渗降水可有效降低夯前地下水位和土体含水率,并促进夯后超孔隙水压力的消散;电渗降水和强夯动力固结多遍耦合,共同对吹填土进行地基加固。现场开展了复式负压固结技术工艺试验、土性试验和沉降变形监测。结果表明,应用于吹填泥的地基处理,改性真空预压可快速提高承载力,电渗法可迅速降低地下水位,有效避免强夯时＂弹簧土＂现象的发生,从而提高了最佳夯击能。复式负压固结技术可以有效地应用于新吹填软土地基。 相似文献