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为了研究复杂应力条件下的深基坑岩石细观破坏问题,本构方程采用由应变空间导出的弹塑性损伤细观力学模型,借助有限元计算方法,实现了岩石三维破裂过程的数值模拟。采用细观破坏单元网格消去法,实现了有限元模拟裂纹扩展过程;利用位移加载来实现岩石逐渐破裂过程;数值模拟灰岩单轴拉伸及压缩破坏试验、双轴拉伸破坏试验和三轴受压破坏试验,得到其非线性应力—应变曲线和不同载荷阶段弹塑性损伤破裂演化系列图像;分析细观非均匀性对岩石宏观破裂力学行为的影响。研究表明,在复杂应力条件下,随着围压增大,峰值抗压强度明显提高,塑性变形明显增大。本文研究对深基坑施工过程中预防工程事故的发生具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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本文在实验室对所获取的东营地区层理发育的低孔隙度页岩和泥岩的各向异性裂纹演化特性进行了研究,获得了各向同性条件下泥页岩的力学与超声波响应特性,分析了应力幅度对于页岩声波速度和各向异性的影响.主要结论包括:(1)泥页岩在循环载荷下存在滞后效应,表明其经历了去压实或油气产生导致的超压;(2)泥岩和页岩具有不同程度的各向异性,随着各向同性压力的增高微裂隙逐渐闭合,样品的各向异性程度减弱;(3)分析了岩石韧度和裂纹损伤参数随压力的变化特征,相比泥岩,页岩各向异性程度更高,随压力变化更明显,其裂纹导致的附加各向异性更强;(4)分析了各向异性岩石的动态弹性模量特征,由于软裂隙空间的闭合,动态弹性模量在低压条件下都随着围压的增加有硬化趋势. 相似文献
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A series of stress relaxation experiments have been carried out on faulted and intact Tennessee sandstone to explore the influence of pore water on strength at different strain rates. Temperatures employed were 20, 300 and 400°C, effective confining pressure was 1.5 kb and strain rates as low as 10–10 sec–1 were achieved. Most samples were prefaulted at 2.5 kb confining pressure and room temperature. This is thought to have secured a reproducible initial microstructure.The strength of the dry rock was almost totally insensitive to strain rate in the range 10–4 to 10–10 sec–1. In contrast, the strength of the wet rock decreased rapidly with strain rate at rates less than 10–6 sec–1. Brittle fracture of the quartz grains which constitute this rock is the most characteristic mode of failure under the test conditions used.The experimental data are discussed in terms of the possible deformation rate controlling processes, and it is suggested that in the wet experiments at intermediate to high strain rates (10–7 to 10–4 sec–1) the observed deformation rate is controlled by the kinetics of water assisted stress corrosion, whilst deformation at low strain rates (ca. 10–9 sec–1) is controlled by a pressure solution process.The results have implications for the rheology of fault rocks at depths of perhaps 10 to 15 km in sialic crust. 相似文献
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采用MTS810动三轴试验仪,用二氧化碳+脱气水循环渗流法对重塑黄土进行饱和,进行了一系列对石碑塬滑坡区饱和黄土液化后变形特性试验。考虑干密度和初始有效围压对黄土液化后变形特性的影响,将液化与未液化黄土在单调静荷载作用下的应力-应变曲线进行对比。实验结果表明:利用二氧化碳+脱气水循环渗流法可以使重塑黄土饱和取得较好的效果;饱和石碑塬黄土具有明显的液化特征,在强震作用下发生液化,液化后强度大大衰减,应力-应变曲线呈弱硬化型,分为两个阶段;干密度和初始有效围压对液化后黄土的强度有一定影响,初始有效围压与不排水强度呈拟合度较高的线性关系,初始有效围压越高,液化后不排水强度越大。 相似文献
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基于动三轴试验研究了不同围压条件下,加载控制方式对压实黄土动应力应变关系的影响规律,对比了不同控制方式下压实黄土的动应力应变时程曲线的差异。研究表明:压实黄土的动应力应变关系符合双曲线模型;加载控制方式不会改变压实黄土骨干曲线的类型,但会显著影响拟合参数的大小。相同围压下,采用应变控制测定的初始动模量较小;随着围压的增大,应变控制下初始动模量随围压的增长速率反而越小,二者之间的差距越来越大。应力控制和应变控制加载过程中,动模量在某一振级下随着动循环次数的增加而逐渐衰减,且应力控制方式下衰减的幅度较大。对于土体结构受力较为敏感的原状土,使用应变控制加载方式可能会获得更为准确的试验结果。 相似文献
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利用FLAC模拟了不同围压条件下圆形巷道的岩爆过程。为了模拟巷道开挖,利用编写的FISH函数删除巷道内部的单元。岩石服从摩尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为。模拟结果表明：当围压较低时,剪切应变集中区域呈圆环状,围岩能保持稳定,不出现剪切带;当围压增加到一定程度时,围岩中出现了“狗耳”形的V形坑,发生岩爆,但围岩也还能保持稳定;当围压进一步增加时,围岩中出现了多条狭长的剪切带,巷道的整个断面均遭到了破坏,发生强烈的岩爆。随着围压的增加,V形岩爆坑变大、变深,剪切带花样的对称性变差;在高围压时,剪切带花样与塑性力学中的滑移线网有类似之处。 相似文献
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利用不同温、压条件下的花岗岩变形实验数据,研究声发射（AE）事件应变释放特征,探讨加速模型参数m值与温压环境的关系.常温条件下,声发射应变显示一定的加速释放特征,但m值随围压增加未显示出趋势性的变化,表明常温条件下m值与岩石强度关系不密切.围压固定时,m值随温度升高逐渐变大,声发射应变从加速释放逐渐过渡到匀速释放,这意味着不同温度条件下岩石变形过程中内部微破裂形式的差异,可能导致应变释放类型的较大差异（即m值的较大差异）.在浅表地层的温压条件下,岩石破坏前显示一定的加速释放特征,m小于1;在渐进式破坏区段,应变释放呈逐渐减弱的减速释放态势,m明显大于1;在深部温压条件下,应变释放加速特征明显,m值明显较低.此外,完整岩样破裂前声发射应变加速释放特征显著,而宏观剪裂面的黏滑之前,声发射应变基本上匀速释放. 相似文献
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贮灰场子坝冲填粉煤灰的动力特性是评估挡灰坝在地震作用下动力稳定性的关键因素。为探究冲填粉煤灰的动力变形和强度特性,利用液压控制振动三轴试验仪测试饱和沉积灰和冲填灰两类试样在偏压固结条件下的动应力-动应变关系、动强度、阻尼比和动孔隙水压力。结果表明:试样骨干曲线均表现出应变硬化特征,可近似描述为双曲线型关系。此外,循环振次增大导致试样动强度降低,且主要与动黏聚力降低有关,受内摩擦角影响较小。双对数坐标轴下,无量纲处理后的阻尼比与动剪切模量近似呈线性关系,且与围压关系不显著。不同围压下动孔压水平随破坏振次增大仅在较窄范围内变化,为简便计算,可忽略围压和循环振次对动孔压水平的影响。据此,可采用Finn公式描述偏压固结下粉煤灰试样的动孔隙水压力特征。 相似文献
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通过动三轴试验,研究了橡胶水泥土复合试样的动强度、动弹性模量和阻尼比等动力参数的变化规律,着重研究了橡胶粉掺量、围压和应变3个主要因素的影响并分析了内在机理。在围压不变的情况下,随着橡胶粉掺量的增大,橡胶水泥土复合试样动强度降低。围压越大,动强度越高,受橡胶粉掺量的影响越小。随着围压的增大,动弹性模量增大而阻尼比减小;随着橡胶粉掺量的增加,动弹性模量减小而阻尼比增大。通过数据拟合,得到了橡胶水泥土动弹性模量和阻尼比的计算公式。橡胶粉可以提高水泥土吸收能量的能力,采用橡胶水泥土作为地基处理材料时,能够起到减震的作用。 相似文献
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The effect of stress on pore pressure in rocks and the mechanism of water table anomaly before earthquakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Triaxial compressive experiments of porous rock samples were carried out under various confining pressures and initial pore
pressures without drainage; axial strain and pore pressure were observed versus differential stress. The results of such experiments
show that pore pressure increases with increase of differential stress at low differential stress; pore pressure decreases
with increase of differential stress at medium and high differential stress. Pore pressure also increases with large amplitude
decrease of differential stress at high differential stress. Based on such experiments, it is suggested that water table anomaly
before an earthquake reflects the change of differential stress in crustal rocks. The anomalous behavior of water tables in
the epicentral and peripheral areas before the great Tangshan earthquake of July 28, 1976 are explained by such suggestion.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 88–95, 1991.
This study is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. Professor Yongtai Che gave us much help in
applying fund support and supplying earthquake case histories. 相似文献
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—Uniaxial compression, triaxial compression and Brazialian tests were conducted on several kinds of rock, with particular attention directed to the principal tensile strain. In this paper we aim to clarify the effects of the experimental environment—such as confining pressure, loading rate, water content and anisotropy—on the critical tensile strain, i.e., the measured principal tensile strain at peak load.¶It was determined that the chain-type extensometer is a most suitable method for measuring the critical tensile strain in uniaxial compression tests. It is also shown that the paper-based strain gage, whose effective length is less than or equal to a tenth of the specimen’s diameter and glued on with a rubber-type adhesive, can be effectively used in the Brazilian tests.¶The effect of confining pressure P C on the critical tensile strain ? TC in the brittle failure region was between ?0.02 × 10?10 Pa?1 and 0.77 × 10?10 Pa?1. This pressure sensitivity is small compared to the critical tensile strain values of around ?0.5 × 10?2. The strain rate sensitivities ?? TC /?{log(d|?|/dt)} were observed in the same way as the strength constants in other failure criteria. They were found to be from ?0.10 × 10?3 to ?0.52 × 10?3 per order of magnitude in strain rate in the triaxial tests. The average magnitude of the critical tensile strain ? TC increased due to the presence of water by 4% to 20% for some rocks, and decreased by 22% for sandstone. It can at least be said that the critical tensile strain is less sensitive to water content than the uniaxial compressive strength under the experimental conditions reported here. An obvious anisotropy was observed in the P-wave velocity and in the uniaxial compressive strength of Pombetsu sandstone. It was not observed, however, in the critical tensile strain, although the data do show some variation.¶A "tensile strain criterion" was proposed, based on the above experimental results. This criterion signifies that stress begins to drop when the principal tensile strain reaches the critical tensile strain. The criterion is limited to use within the brittle failure region. The critical tensile strain contains an inelastic strain component as well as an elastic one. It is affected by the strain rate, however, it is relatively insensitive to the confining pressure, the presence of water and anisotropy. 相似文献
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利用我国第一台1GPa高压三轴容器进行了岩石破坏实验.所用的样品为济南辉长岩、昌平花岗岩、房山大理岩和周口店石灰岩.得到的主要结果是:(1)在相应于地壳的压力范围内辉长岩和花岗岩仍然发生脆性破坏, 其强度和韧度随围压增加而增加, 破坏角也随围压增加而增大, 破坏前发生体积膨胀现象并出现声发射活动增加的前兆;(2)大理岩和石灰岩样品在0.1——0.8GPa的围压范围内发生鼓状变形, 不形成明显的主断层面, 样品承载能力随变形增加而增加, 出现应变硬化现象.在变形过程中声发射活动水平极低。这些实验标志着我国岩石力学三轴实验的围压水平有所提高其结果对震源物理的研究具有参考价值. 相似文献
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针对荆江大堤江陵段下伏地层广泛分布的饱和粉细砂,参照原位试验成果重塑粉细砂试样,按估算的固结应力比(Kc约为1.6)对试样动剪模量、阻尼比及总应力动强度进行测试,结果表明:(1)试样应力-应变骨干曲线与Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型假设高度吻合,Hardin公式可很好地拟合动模量/阻尼比与动应变的关系。在研究试样密实度范围内,最大动模量随围压和密实度的增加而增加,但围压对动模量的敏感性更高,且相同围压下动剪模量比与动应变关系曲线近乎重合。围压增大或密实度升高均会引起阻尼比的降低,1%应变对应的阻尼比分布在0.15~0.21之间;(2)偏压状态下以累积轴向应变5%作为液化判别标准进行抗液化强度试验,随特征振次及测试围压的增大,液化动剪应力比相应减小,试样振动孔压比最高仅能达到0.8~0.9;(3)由总应力法求取的动内摩擦角与黏聚力均随设定特征振次的增加而下降,且内聚力并非约等于0,表明动力作用下该试样具有一定的黏滞性。 相似文献
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Weathering reduces the strength of rocks and so is a key control on the stability of rock slopes. Recent research suggests that the geotechnical response of rocks to weathering varies with ambient stress conditions resulting from overburden loading and/or stress concentrations driven by near-surface topography. In addition, the stress history experienced by the rock can influence the degree to which current weathering processes cause rock breakdown. To address the combined effect of these potential controls, we conducted a set of weathering experiments on two sedimentary lithologies in laboratory and field conditions. We firstly defined the baseline geotechnical behaviour of each lithology, characterising surface hardness and stress–strain behaviour in unconfined compression. Weathering significantly reduced intact rock strength, but this was not evident in measurements of surface hardness. The ambient compressive stress applied to samples throughout the experiments did not cause any observable differences in the geotechnical behaviour of the samples. We created a stress history effect in sub-sets of samples by generating a population of microcracks that could be exploited by weathering processes. We also geometrically modified groups of samples to cause near-surface stress concentrations that may allow greater weathering efficacy. However, even these pronounced sample modifications resulted in insignificant changes in geotechnical behaviour when compared to unmodified samples. The observed reduction in rock strength changed the nature of failure of the samples, which developed post-peak strength and underwent multiple stages of brittle failure. Although weakened, these samples could sustain greater stress and strain following exceedance of peak strength. On this basis, the multi-stage failure style exhibited by weaker weathered rock may permit smaller-magnitude, higher-frequency events to trigger fracture through intact rock bridges as well as influencing the characteristics of pre-failure deformation. These findings are consistent with patterns of behaviour observed in field monitoring results. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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黏土类土石混合体常作为路基填料在工程中广泛应用,然而其在交通荷载作用下的动力特性方面研究较少。为此,本文以0.05 Lc(Lc为圆柱试样直径)为土体、块石分类阈值,根据土石混合体中砾石掺量、侧限压力的不同,采用自振柱仪对其在小应变(10^-6~10^-4)下的动剪切模量和阻尼比进行研究。结果表明:土石混合体最大动剪切模量随砾石掺量的增加而不断增大,且在20%~40%掺量区间内增幅最大,随侧限压力的增加而增大,且增幅逐渐变小;在应变幅值相同的条件下,动剪切模量衰变程度随砾石掺量的增加而不断减少,且在20%~40%掺量区间内减幅最大,随侧限压力的增加而减小,且减幅逐渐变小;最小、最大阻尼比随砾石掺量和侧限压力的增加而减少。结合试验结果分别从颗粒“骨架”结构性、动态结构稳定性、材料密实度、能量耗散等方面阐述块石掺量和侧限压力对土石混合体动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响机理。最后采用优化Hardin-Drnevich模型建立砾石掺量、侧限压力与土石混合体动力特性参数(最大动剪切模量、参考剪应变、最大阻尼比、最小阻尼比)之间的估算公式,以期为土石混合路基的动力设计和施工提供指导。 相似文献
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研究了温度和应变率对岩石破裂强度的影响，得到了岩石圈中一些典型岩石破裂强度的新的经验规律.新的经验规律除考虑围压和标本尺度的影响外，还考虑了温度和应变率的影响，并增加了新岩石的结果，所以更能反映岩石圈内岩石破裂的真实状态.通过对鄂尔多斯平均流变结构的计算和对比研究表明：传统的忽略脆性破裂的流变模型过高地估计了流变强度，流变机制的分布也不尽合理.而考虑了脆性破裂机制的流变模型的结果表明脆性区分为两部分，浅部以摩擦滑动机制控制，深部以脆性破裂机制控制.由于新的经验规律考虑的代表性岩石更全面，并考虑了应变率的影响，得到的脆性区的范围进一步增大,流变强度进一步降低. 相似文献
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