共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Four-dimensional variational(4D-VAR) data assimilation method is a perfect data assimilation solution in theory, but the compu- tational issue is quite difficult in operational implementation. The incremental 4D-VAR assimilation scheme is set up in order to re- duce the computational cost. It is shown that the accuracy of the observations, the length of the assimilation window and the choice of the first guess have an important influence on the assimilation outcome through the contrast experiment. Compared with the standard 4D-VAR assimilation scheme, the incremental 4D-VAR assimilation scheme shows its advantage in the computation speed through an assimilation experiment. 相似文献
2.
《Ocean Modelling》2011,40(3-4):370-385
The increasing number of oceanic observations calls for the use of synthetic methods to provide consistent analyses of the oceanic variability that will support a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, a 1/3° eddy-permitting model of the North Atlantic (from 20°S to 70°N) is combined with a 4D-variational method to estimate the oceanic state from altimeter observations. This resolution allows a better extraction of the physical content of altimeter data since the model spatial scales are more consistent with the data than coarser assimilation exercises because of a lower error in model representativity. Several strategies for the assimilation window are tested through twin experiments carried out under the following conditions: different window lengths and either a quasi-static (also known as progressive) variational assimilation with progressive extension of the window, or a simpler direct method without prior assimilation. From our set of experiments, the most efficient strategy is the use of both a simple direct assimilation method and a 90-day window. The assimilation of synthetic altimeter data constrains the model-temperature, -salinity and -velocity fields mainly over the first 1300 m where the error is the largest. Improvements occur not only in quiescent regions, but also in more energetic meso-scale regimes. Despite the existence of model- and surface forcing-errors as well as large errors in the first guess, the assimilation of real altimeter data proves to be consistent with our twin experiments. Indeed, the analyses show a better detachment of the Gulf Stream, weaker regional biases and more accurate positions for meso-scale structures. Independent hydrographic data (Argo floats and CTD cruises) and transports estimates along the OVIDE 2002 cruise show an improvement of the analysed oceanic state with respect to the assimilation-free case though water mass properties are still incorrectly represented. After assimilation, the North Atlantic heat transport in the model is in good agreement with independent estimates based on hydrographic data. 相似文献
3.
冬季黑潮延伸体海表温度对阿留申低压活动的双周期响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Based on our previous work, the winter sea surface temperature(SST) in the Kuroshio Extension(KE) region showed significant variability over the past century with periods of ~6 a between 1930 and 1950 and ~10 a between1980 and 2009. How the activity of the Aleutian Low(AL) induces this dual-period variability over the two different timespans is further investigated here. For the ~6 a periodicity during 1930–1950, negative wind stress curl(WSC)anomalies in the central subtropical Pacific associated with an intensified AL generate positive sea surface height(SSH) anomalies. When these wind-induced SSH anomalies propagate westwards to the east of Taiwan, China two years later, positive velocity anomalies appear around the Kuroshio to the east of Taiwan and then the mean advection via this current of velocity anomalies leads to a strengthened KE jet and thus an increase in the KE SST one year later. For the ~10 a periodicity during 1980–2009, a negative North Pacific Oscillation-like dipole takes2–3 a to develop into a significant positive North Pacific Oscillation-like dipole, and this process corresponds to the northward shift of the AL. Negative WSC anomalies associated with this AL activity in the central North Pacific are able to induce the positive SSH anomalies. These oceanic signals then propagate westward into the KE region after 2–3 a, favoring a northward shift of the KE jet, thus leading to the warming of the KE SST. The feedbacks of the KE SST anomaly on the AL forcing are both negative for these two periodicities. These results suggest that the dual-period KE SST variability can be generated by the two-way KE-SST-AL coupling. 相似文献
4.
Assimilation of sea surface temperature in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas using the ensemble Kalman filter 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gwang-Ho Seo Byoung-Ju Choi Yang-Ki Cho Young Ho Kim Sangil Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2010,45(4):225-242
Satellite-borne sea surface temperature (SST) data were assimilated with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in a Northwest Pacific Ocean circulation model to examine the effect of data assimilation. The model domain included the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas, such as the Yellow Sea and East/Japan Sea. The performance of the data assimilation was evaluated by comparing the simulated ocean state with that observed. Spatially averaged root-mean-squared errors in the SST and sea surface height (SSH) decreased by 0.44 °C and 4 cm, respectively, by the assimilation. The results of the numerical experiments substantiated the effectiveness of the SST assimilation via the EnKF for all marginal seas, as well as the Kuroshio region. The benefit of the data assimilation depended on the characteristics of each marginal sea. The variation of the SST in the East/Japan Sea and the Kuroshio extension (KE) region were improved 34% and those in the Yellow Sea 12.5%. The variation of the SSH was improved approximately 36% in the KE region. This large improvement was achieved in the deep-water regions because assimilation of SST data corrected the separation point of the western boundary currents, such as the Kuroshio and the East Korea Warm Current, and the associated horizontal surface currents. The SST assimilation via the EnKF also improved the subsurface temperature profiles. The effectiveness of SST assimilation was seasonally dependent, with the improvement being relatively larger in winter than in summer, which was related to the seasonal variation of the vertical mixing and stratification in the ocean surface layer. 相似文献
5.
Case study on the three-dimensional structure of meso-scale eddy in the South China Sea based on a high-resolution model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Meso-scale eddies are important features in the South China Sea(SCS). The eddies with diameters of 50–200 km can greatly impact the transport of heat, momentum, and tracers. A high-resolution wave-tide-circulation coupled model was developed to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS in this study. The aim of this study is to examine the model ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilations The simulated Sea Surface Height(SSH) anomalies agree with the observed the AVISO SSH anomalies well. The simulated subsurface temperature profiles agree with the CTD observation data from the ROSE(Responses of Marine Hazards to climate change in the Western Pacific) project. The simulated upper-ocean currents also agree with the main circulation based on observations. A warm eddy is identified in winter in the northern SCS. The position and domain of the simulated eddy are confirmed by the observed sea surface height data from the AVISO. The result shows that the model has the ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilation.The three-dimensional structure of the meso-scale eddy in the SCS is analyzed using the model result. It is found that the eddy center is tilted vertically, which agrees with the observation. It is also found that the velocity center of the eddy does not coincide with the temperature center of the eddy. The result shows that the model has the ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilations. Further study on the forming mechanism and the three-dimensional structure of the meso-scale eddies will be carried out using the model result and cruise observation data in the near future. 相似文献
6.
1 IntroductionObservation of the tropical rainfall is crucial forthe research on tropical weather and climate. Nu-merous studies have shown that the ingestion of rain-fall data into a numerical model can have considera-ble impacts on simulation results(Kr… 相似文献
7.
GPS掩星资料三维变分同化对台风模式预报的改进试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文尝试了GPSRO COSMIC资料在中尺度数值模式中的应用,利用COSMIC资料受云和降水影响较小,且有高数据精度、高垂直分辨率等优点,以改善模式初始场,进而提高预报准确度。模式采用中尺度气象模式WRF V3.0.1版本及其三维变分同化系统3DVAR,利用NCEP再分析资料、GTS资料和COSMIC资料对2009年第8号台风"莫拉克"登陆台湾岛前到登陆台湾岛的过程进行了模拟试验,并对温度、露点温度、对流有效位能等要素进行了诊断分析。试验结果表明:该项试验成功将COSMIC资料同化进模式,加深对"莫拉克"热力结构特征的了解,有效改善台风降水和路径预报,其中仅屏东县单点降水预报提高600 mm左右,24 h预报路径误差提高80 km以上。同时对提高台风强度预报起到积极作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
From the moored buoy observation at \(33.9^{\circ }\)N, \(144.9^{\circ }\)E south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), we obtained Eulerian time series of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) at 200, 400, and 600 m depths from June 2012 to March 2013. We observed ventilation by meso- and submesoscale processes that transport water southward across the KE jet. First, the cyclonic mesoscale eddy in June 2012 substantially depressed DO at depths of 400 and 600 m but maintained DO at 200 m, suggesting near-surface lateral transport of high-DO water derived from the north of the KE. Second, subduction of high-DO (>230 \({\upmu }\)mol kg\(^{-1}\)) water to a depth of 600 m was observed from early February to March 2013, associated with a mesoscale/submesoscale meandering of the KE jet. In mid-March 2013, shipboard hydrographic data were collected where the water mass at the mooring site would be advected by the eastward current on the southern flank of the KE. Based on these data, the subduction event was identified as an intrusion of an anomalously thick water mass from approximately 400–900 dbar. Ventilation of the subtropical mode water at a depth of 200 m around a subsurface DO maximum layer was detected as a rapid rise in DO in January 2013. This occurred after a significant seasonal decrease in DO at a rate of \(-0.130 \pm 0.007\) \({\upmu }\)mol kg\(^{-1}\) day\(^{-1}\) from July to December 2012. 相似文献
10.
Masaki Kawabe 《Journal of Oceanography》1980,36(4):227-235
The sea level difference between Naze and Nishinoomote and sea level anomalies (the residuals after removal of seasonal variations) around the Nansei Islands were examined in relation to the large meander in the Kuroshio south of central Japan. They are indices of surface velocity and geostrophic transport of the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait and in the East China Sea, respectively. All of them were large during the meandering period, and each of them reached a maximum before or after the generation of the large meander in 1975. Thus the surface velocity and the geostrophic transport of the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait and the East China Sea were large during the meandering period. The sea level difference between Naze and Nishinoomote (or Makurazaki) shows that the surface velocity and geostrophic transport in the Tokara Strait were significantly larger during the extinction stage in 1963 and during the generation stage in 1975 and were correlated with the position of the Kuroshio east of Kyûshû in 1974 and 1975 before the generation of the large meander.The surface velocity of the Kuroshio southeast of Yakushima (E-line) based on dynamic calculation referred to 1,000 db was weak during the meandering period, and was out of phase with the variation of surface velocity in the Tokara Strait monitored by tide gauge data. The analysis of GEK and hydrographic data shows that southwestward flow existed below 600 m in the slope region on the E-line and weakened during the meandering period. Thus, the out-of-phase variation in surface velocity mentioned above seems to be partly explained by the variation in velocity on the reference level at the E-line. 相似文献
11.
利用运动学模型 ,研究了弯曲急流控制参数为定常和发生周期扰动时的流体质点运动轨迹以及混沌现象的产生机制。发现弯曲急流控制参数为定常时 ,流体质点的运动为规则的周期运动 ;而控制参数发生扰动时 ,可以发生流体质点在不同特征区的穿行 ,流体质点的运动具有混沌特性。弯曲急流的相速、振幅发生周期扰动均可使流体质点的运动出现混沌特性。作者从运动学上对弯曲急流区的漂流浮标混沌特性给出了解释。 相似文献
12.
过去的研究认为,黑潮延伸体的年代际振荡受来自其下游的太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）相关联的信号主导,但最近的观测表明这种调控机制在2017年9月之后不再成立。与此同时,黑潮延伸体的上游即日本南部黑潮正在发生一次大弯曲事件。利用26年（1993–2018年）的卫星高度计提供的海表高度距平数据和自组织映射（SOM）方法,本文研究了日本南部黑潮与黑潮延伸体的时空模态及其因果关系。结果表明,SOM能有效地提取两个海区的典型空间模态,且它们的演变轨迹表明当日本南部黑潮处于大弯曲（离岸型非大弯曲）路径时,黑潮延伸体趋于稳定（不稳定）态。基于SOM识别得到的海表面高度距平（SLA）特征区及特征时间模态,我们进一步利用一种最近发展的定量因果分析方法研究了两个流系之间的因果关系。研究发现,当黑潮大弯曲发生时,日本南部黑潮和黑潮延伸体之间存在双向因果,但因果关键区不同。前者对后者的影响集中在纪伊半岛东南侧及黑潮延伸体“两脊一槽”区域,而后者对前者的影响则集中在黑潮延伸体“两脊一槽”区域及黑潮再循环流区域。这说明黑潮大弯曲的发展对黑潮延伸体的稳定性有重要作用,同时黑潮延伸体通过调制南部再循环流影响日本南部黑潮的路径。不同的是,当离岸型非大弯曲路径发生时,只有从日本南部黑潮向黑潮延伸体的单向因果关系,且因果性主要集中在伊豆海脊及再循环流区域。这与该时期海表高度负异常沿日本南岸不断向位于下游的黑潮延伸体再循环流的传播有关,它使得黑潮延伸体变得不稳定。 相似文献
13.
基于2004 年1 月～2009 年12 月月平均Argo(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography)温盐格点资料, 结合P-vector 方法重构了西北太平洋绝对地转流, 重点分析了西北太平洋环流时空变化特征。结果表明, 基于Argo 资料西北太平洋三维结构特征与以前的研究结果是一致的。与WOA09(World Ocean Atlas 2009)计算的纬向流相比, Argo 资料计算的纬向流要偏大。北赤道逆流(NECC)、北赤道流(NEC)、黑潮再生流(KCC)和黑潮延伸体(KE)都有明显的季节和年际变化。NECC 和NEC 基本上呈现春强秋弱的季节变化特征, KCC 和KE 的季节特征与NECC 和NEC 存在反相关系。NECC 和NEC 表现出周期为1～2 a 的年际信号, KCC 和KE 为非周期性的年际信号。表层NEC 流核所在位置以及NEC南边界位置都有南移的趋势。另外, NEC、KCC 和KE 的流量也呈逐渐增大的趋势。 相似文献
14.
Reanalysis data obtained from data assimilation are increasingly used for diagnostic studies of the general circulation of the atmosphere, for the validation of modelling experiments and for estimating energy and water fluxes between the Earth surface and the atmosphere. Because fluxes are not specifically observed, but determined by the data assimilation system, they are not only influenced by the utilized observations but also by model physics and dynamics and by the assimilation method. In order to better understand the relative importance of humidity observations for the determination of the hydrological cycle, in this paper we describe an assimilation experiment using the ERA40 reanalysis system where all humidity data have been excluded from the observational data base. The surprising result is that the model, driven by the time evolution of wind, temperature and surface pressure, is able to almost completely reconstitute the large-scale hydrological cycle of the control assimilation without the use of any humidity data. In addition, analysis of the individual weather systems in the extratropics and tropics using an objective feature tracking analysis indicates that the humidity data have very little impact on these systems. We include a discussion of these results and possible consequences for the way moisture information is assimilated, as well as the potential consequences for the design of observing systems for climate monitoring. It is further suggested, with support from a simple assimilation study with another model, that model physics and dynamics play a decisive role for the hydrological cycle, stressing the need to better understand these aspects of model parametrization. 相似文献
15.
基于ROMS模式的南海SST与SSH四维变分同化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星遥感观测获得了大量高分辨率的海面实时信息，包括海面温度（SST）和海面高度（SSH）等，同化进入数值模式可有效提升模拟精度。本文基于ROMS模式与四维变分同化方法（4DVAR），使用AVHRR SST和AVISO SSH数据，开展了南海区域同化实验。为检验同化的效果，分别利用HYCOM再分析资料和Argo温盐实测数据分析了同化结果的海面高度、流场及温盐剖面的精度。对比结果表明，SST和SSH的同化能够改善ROMS的模拟结果:同化后海面高度场能够更为准确地捕捉海洋的中尺度特征，与HYCOM海面高度再分析资料相比，平均绝对偏差和均方根误差分别为0.054 m和0.066 m；与HYCOM 10 m层流场相比，东向与北向流速平均绝对偏差分别为0.12 m/s和0.11 m/s，相比未同化均提升约0.01 m/s；温盐同化结果与Argo温盐实测具有较高的一致性，温度和盐度平均绝对偏差为0.45℃、0.077，均方根误差为0.91℃、0.11，单个的温盐廓线对比说明，同化结果与HYCOM再分析资料精度相当。 相似文献
16.
建立了一个功能较为完善的四维同化系统,解决了温度调查资料中存在的同步性问题。为了检验同化方法和模式程序的正确性,以及讨论同步性误差的校正效果,从同化结果与锚系调查数据、同化结果与遥感数据、比对断面均方根误差和海表平均温度4个方面进行了探讨,结果表明:1)同化结果与锚系调查数据对比显示,改进参数的NMC方法(来自美国国家气象中心)能够适用于长江口外海域中的温度四维同化,同化温度结果与锚系调查数据在变化趋势上一致,在数值上最大差异不超过0.4℃;2)同化结果与遥感数据对比显示,同化结果能够将调查资料推演到完整的时空范围,并具有较好的变化趋势和精度;3)根据比对断面均方根误差分析,调查资料中两个比对断面温度间的均方差误差为3.8℃,而同化结果与实测数据的均方根误差低于0.6℃,说明同化方法有效地降低了调查资料中的同步性误差;4)海表平均温度分析显示,同化结果能够避免调查不同步引起的各种温度斑块,并且其温度分布和锋面结构能够更如实地反映实际情况。 相似文献
17.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(5):1139-1168
Mesoscale physical and biological processes are examined at the Gulf Stream front by means of a 4-D simulation including physical and biological data assimilation. The data assimilated are from Leg 1 of the Fall BIOSYNOP cruise, 21 Sept.–8 Oct. 1988, and GULFCAST data for the same period. Focus is on the vertical velocities at the front, the vertical and horizontal transports of nutrients and plankton, and the impact of these transports on phytoplankton biomass, production and organic particle export. It was found that while jet meandering enhances new production at the front, primary production and phytoplankton concentration at the front are not significantly enhanced over those of Slope water. Winds during this period also have little impact on productivity at the front, due to their high temporal variability. Ring–stream interactions, however, significantly increase the net vertical and meridional transports of nutrients and plankton and can lead to phytoplankton patchiness at the front. This emphasizes the importance of submesoscale events between interacting mesoscale physical features in the transport of nutrients and plankton, and in explaining the observations. The enhanced phytoplankton concentrations observed during BIOSYNOP are found to be primarily due to advection (convergence) rather than in situ biological growth. 相似文献
18.
吕宋海峡两侧中尺度涡统计 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1993-2000年间的T/P卫星高度计轨道资料的时间序列和MODAS同化产品中的卫星高度计最优插值资料对南海东北部海区中尺度涡旋进行动态追踪。按照给定的标准从2种资料中提取了涡旋信息并对其特征量进行统计分析。结果表明,南海东北部海区中尺度涡旋十分活跃,平均每年6个,其中暖涡4个,尺度一般为200~250 km,平均地转流速为44 cm/s;冷涡每年平均2个,尺度一般为150~200 km,平均地转流速为-37 cm/s。吕宋海峡两侧涡旋的比较分析表明,南海东北部海区仍属于西北太平洋副热带海区的涡旋带,冷、暖涡旋处于不断的形成—西移—消散过程中。南海东北部中尺度冷涡大多是南海内部产生的,而暖涡与吕宋海峡外侧暖涡有一定的联系又具有相对的独立性。分析认为西北太平洋的西行暖涡在到达吕宋海峡时,受到黑潮东翼东向下倾的等密度面的抑制和岛链的阻碍,涡旋停滞于吕宋海峡外侧并逐渐消弱,被阻挡于吕宋海峡东侧涡旋释放的能量,形成一支横穿吕宋海峡(同时横穿过黑潮)的高速急流,把能量传递给吕宋海峡西侧的涡旋,使其得到强化,这是吕宋海峡两侧涡旋联系的一种重要机制。 相似文献
19.
Tatsuro Watanabe Daisuke Simizu Kou Nishiuchi Toru Hasegawa Osamu Katoh 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(6):791-801
We examined the surface current structure in the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) region of the Japan Sea based on a dataset from
satellite-tracked surface drifters, including our new deployments during 2004–2008. The gridded mean current velocity and
mean kinetic energy (KE) fields calculated from all available drifter data revealed the structure and seasonality of the three
branches of the TWC. By comparing the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) field to the KE field, we found four regions where the ratio
of EKE to KE was high. In particular, this ratio became extremely high east of the Oki Islands located between the first branch
of the TWC (FBTWC) and the second branch of the TWC (SBTWC). Our analysis suggests that the generation of alternate warm and
cold eddies east of the Oki Island induced this high ratio. The occurrence of a warm or cold eddy was related to the route—either
nearshore or offshore—of the SBTWC. When the offshore route of the SBTWC became dominant, a warm eddy was frequently generated
east of the Oki Islands. In contrast, when the nearshore route of the SBTWC became dominant, a cold eddy was more likely to
be generated. 相似文献
20.
本文利用1993-2015年AVISO卫星高度计融合数据，统计分析了从黑潮延伸体流轴脱落涡旋的空间分布特征、运动属性以及季节、年际和类年代际变化。研究结果表明，23年间共追踪到242个气旋涡，276个反气旋涡，脱落的涡旋主要分布在沙茨基海隆以西区域。从脱落涡旋的源地空间分布来看，气旋涡的形成区域有两个高值区，一个位于黑潮延伸体流轴稳定弯曲处，即144°~146°E之间的上游区域；另一个位于沙茨基海隆西侧156°E处。而反气旋涡的形成区域也有两个高值区，一个位于沙茨基海隆以西的下游区域，另一个位于148°E处。这些在上游和下游脱落的涡旋大多向西移动，其中有88%的涡旋再次被流轴吸收。脱落涡旋的数量显示出了明显的年际和类年代际变化。在流轴的上下游区域，类年代际和年际变化分别占主导地位。并且在上游区域，脱落涡旋的类年代际变化与黑潮延伸体的强度呈负相关。在季节变化上，夏季脱落形成的涡旋最多，冬季最少。 相似文献