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1.
The rim-forming reaction quartz + olivine = orthopyroxene is used to investigate the effect of matrix rheology on rim growth rates. Orthopyroxene rim growth around olivine grains in quartz matrix is compared to rim growth around quartz grains in an olivine matrix. At constant P–T , within one single capsule, orthopyroxene rims grow faster around quartz clasts in olivine matrix than around olivine clasts in quartz matrix. Fourier transform infra-red spectra indicate that the entire samples are water saturated because of water adsorption on the reactant grain surfaces. The increased orthopyroxene growth rates in olivine matrix as opposed to quartz matrix are interpreted in terms of matrix rheology, where in the two different matrix-inclusion arrangements the olivine matrix behaves 'softer' and the quartz matrix 'more rigid'. The strain energy associated with accommodation of the negative reaction volume is higher for the quartz than the olivine matrix and reduces the free energy that drives orthopyroxene rim growth. Growth textures in both kinds of orthopyroxene rims indicate that the diffusivity of MgO slightly exceeds the diffusivity of SiO2. The relative mobility of MgO and SiO2 at given P , T , f H2O seems to be controlled by energy minimization during orthopyroxene growth at the compressive Ol/Opx interface. Our experiments provide evidence for two previously overlooked effects relevant to rim growth reactions in metamorphic rocks: (i) diffusivity along chemical potential gradients to reaction sites is a function of rheology and (ii) the relative diffusivity of components during reaction rim or corona growth is a function of local volume changes at the rim's interfaces.  相似文献   

2.
Iron isotope and major- and minor-element compositions of coexisting olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene from eight spinel peridotite mantle xenoliths; olivine, magnetite, amphibole, and biotite from four andesitic volcanic rocks; and garnet and clinopyroxene from seven garnet peridotite and eclogites have been measured to evaluate if inter-mineral Fe isotope fractionation occurs in high-temperature igneous and metamorphic minerals and if isotopic fractionation is related to equilibrium Fe isotope partitioning or a result of open-system behavior. There is no measurable fractionation between silicate minerals and magnetite in andesitic volcanic rocks, nor between olivine and orthopyroxene in spinel peridotite mantle xenoliths. There are some inter-mineral differences (up to 0.2‰ in 56Fe/54Fe) in the Fe isotope composition of coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene in spinel peridotites. The Fe isotope fractionation observed between clinopyroxene and olivine appears to be a result of open-system behavior based on a positive correlation between the Δ56Feclinopyroxene-olivine fractionation and the δ56Fe value of clinopyroxene and olivine. There is also a significant difference in the isotopic compositions of garnet and clinopyroxene in garnet peridotites and eclogites, where the average Δ56Feclinopyroxene-garnet fractionation is +0.32 ± 0.07‰ for six of the seven samples. The one sample that has a lower Δ56Feclinopyroxene-garnet fractionation of 0.08‰ has a low Ca content in garnet, which may reflect some crystal chemical control on Fe isotope fractionation. The Fe isotope variability in mantle-derived minerals is interpreted to reflect subduction of isotopically variable oceanic crust, followed by transport through metasomatic fluids. Isotopic variability in the mantle might also occur during crystal fractionation of basaltic magmas within the mantle if garnet is a liquidus phase. The isotopic variations in the mantle are apparently homogenized during melting processes, producing homogenous Fe isotope compositions during crust formation.  相似文献   

3.
 We have investigated new samples from the Gees mantle xenolith suite (West Eifel), for which metasomatism by carbonatite melt has been suggested. The major metasomatic change is transformation of harzburgites into phlogopite-rich wehrlites. Silicate glasses are associated with all stages of transformation, and can be resolved into two major groups: a strongly undersaturated alkaline basanite similar to the host magma which infiltrated the xenoliths during ascent, and Si-Al-enriched, variably alkaline glass present exclusively within the xenoliths. Si-Al-rich glasses (up to 72 wt% SiO2 when associated with orthopyroxene (Opx) are usually interpreted in mantle xenoliths as products of decompressional breakdown of hydrous phases like amphibole. In the Gees suite, however, amphibole is not present, nor can the glass be related to phlogopite breakdown. The Si-Al-rich glass is compositionally similar to glasses occurring in many other xenolith suites including those related to carbonatite metasomatism. Petrographically the silicate glass is intimately associated with the metasomatic reactions in Gees, mainly conversion of harzburgite orthopyroxene to olivine + clinopyroxene. Both phases crystallize as microlites from the glass. The chemical composition of the Si-Al-enriched glass shows that it cannot be derived from decompressional melting of the Gees xenoliths, but must have been present prior to their entrainment in the host magma. Simple mass-balance calculations, based on modal analyses, yield a possible composition of the melt prior to ascent of the xenoliths, during which glass + microlite patches were modified by dissolution of olivine, orthopyroxene and spinel. This parental melt is a calc-alkaline andesite (55–60 wt% SiO2), characterized by high Al2O3 (ca. 18 wt%). The obtained composition is very similar to high-alumina, calc-alkaline melts that should form by AFC-type reactions between basalt and harzburgite wall rock according to the model of Kelemen (1990). Thus, we suggest that the Si-Al-enriched glasses of Gees, and possibly of other suites as well, are remnants of upper mantle hybrid melts, and that the Gees suite was metasomatized by silicate and not carbonatite melts. High-Mg, high-Ca composition of metasomatic olivine and clinopyroxene in mantle xenoliths have been explained by carbonatite metasomatism. As these features are also present in the Gees suite, we have calculated the equilibrium Ca contents of olivine and clinopyroxene using the QUI1F thermodynamical model, to show that they are a simple function of silica activity. High-Ca compositions are attained at low a SiO2 and can thus be produced during metasomatism by any melt that is Opx-undersaturated, irrespective of whether it is a carbonatite or a silicate melt. Such low a SiO2 is recorded by the microlites in the Gees Si-Al-rich glasses. Our results imply that xenolith suites cannot confidently be related to carbonatite metasomatism if the significance of silicate glasses, when present, is not investigated. Received: 2 March 1995 / Accepted: 12 June 1995  相似文献   

4.
Troctolitic gabbros from Valle Fértil and La Huerta Ranges, San Juan Province, NW‐Argentina exhibit multi‐layer corona textures between cumulus olivine and plagioclase. The corona mineral sequence, which varies in the total thickness from 0.5 to 1 mm, comprises either an anhydrous corona type I with olivine|orthopyroxene|clinopyroxene+spinel symplectite|plagioclase or a hydrous corona type II with olivine|orthopyroxene|amphibole|amphibole+spinel symplectite|plagioclase. The anhydrous corona type I formed by metamorphic replacement of primary olivine and plagioclase, in the absence of any fluid/melt phase at <840 °C. Diffusion controlled metamorphic solid‐state replacement is mainly governed by the chemical potential gradients at the interface of reactant olivine and plagioclase and orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Thus, the thermodynamic incompatibility of the reactant minerals at the gabbro–granulite transition and the phase equilibria of the coronitic assemblage during subsequent cooling were modelled using quantitative μMgO–μCaO phase diagrams. Mineral reaction textures of the anhydrous corona type I indicate an inward migration of orthopyroxene on the expense of olivine, while clinopyroxene+spinel symplectite grows outward to replace plagioclase. Mineral textures of the hydrous corona type II indicate the presence of an interstitial liquid trapped between cumulus olivine and plagioclase that reacts with olivine to produce a rim of peritectic orthopyroxene around olivine. Two amphibole types are distinguished: an inclusion free, brownish amphibole I is enriched in trace elements and REEs relative to green amphibole II. Amphibole I evolves from an intercumulus liquid between peritectic orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Discrete layers of green amphibole II occur as inclusion‐free rims and amphibole II+spinel symplectites. Mineral textures and geochemical patterns indicate a metamorphic origin for amphibole II, where orthopyroxene was replaced to form an inner inclusion‐free amphibole II layer, while clinopyroxene and plagioclase were replaced to form an outer amphibole+spinel symplectite layer, at <770 °C. Calculation of the possible net reactions by considering NCKFMASH components indicates that the layer bulk composition cannot be modelled as a ‘closed’ system although in all cases the gain and loss of elements within the multi‐layer coronas (except H2O, Na2O) is very small and the main uncertainties may arise from slight chemical zoning of the respective minerals. Local oxidizing conditions led to the formation of orthopyroxene+magnetite symplectite enveloping and/or replacing olivine. The sequence of corona reaction textures indicates a counter clockwise P–T path at the gabbro–granulite transition at 5–6.5 kbar and temperatures below 900 °C.  相似文献   

5.
Petrogenesis of Franciscan pillow basalts from the Franciscan Complex of western Marin County California entails both dynamic crystallization of tholeiitic magma and subsequent low-temperature metamorphism. Brittle deformation during tectonic emplacement of pillow basalts into a chert greywacke terrain is manifested by the shearing of interpillow matrix and polishing of pillow rims, but the igneous textures within pillows are well preserved.The cooling history of pillow basalts can be understood through analysis of morphologic variations of primary olivine and plagioclase from rim to core of the pillow. Crystal sizes and plagioclase dendrite spacings are consisted with a cooling rate which generally decreases inward. Some pillows show a marked asymmetry in plagioclase and olivine morphology suggesting lower cooling rates caused by asymmetric cooling of the pillows. Olivine morphologies, primarily hopper and chain forms, are consistent with cooling rates of 2–10 °C/h for pillow cores and 50–75 °C/h for pillow rims.Low temperature hydrothermal alteration has produced secondary minerals indicative of zeolite facies conditions. Pillow matrix is either chloritic or zeolitic (in part laumontized). Pillow rims display incomplete replacement of calcic palagonite by pumpellyite (Fe2O3=9–21 wt%), prehnite (Fe2O3=5–7 wt%), sphene and quartz. Metamorphism of pillow interiors, manifested by: (1) veins of quartz, pumpellyite, calcite, or harmotome (BaO=15 wt%); (2) amygdules containing analcime, chlorite or quartz; and (3) replacement of olivine by pumpellyite or smectite/illite, of plagioclase by albite (An3)+sericite, and of glassy groundmass by fine-grained chlorite. Primary augite (Wo339En13Fs48) was not altered. The described paragenesis may be attributed to oceanfloor and/or Franciscan-type metamorphism.  相似文献   

6.
Previous studies on iron isotope compositions of subduction zone magmas have revealed significant and complex variations that have great bearings on petrogenetic processes in the mantle wedge, e.g., partial melting, fluid metasomatism and redox state. However, interpretations for the fractionations are highly debatable and lack direct constraints from mantle wedge peridotites. This study presents iron isotope compositions for whole rocks and mineral separates in fresh forearc peridotites from the Yushigou ophiolite, North Qilian orogen in northern Tibet. Major and trace element compositions of whole rock and mineral indicate that the peridotites are highly depleted forearc peridotites overprinted by melt metasomatism, in contrast to the long‐holding opinion that the peridotites are derived from mid‐oceanic ridges. The minerals fall on a line with a slope of ～1 on the plot of δ56Fe vs. δ56Fe, indicating isotope equilibrium between minerals. δ56Fe fractionation between olivine and orthopyroxene is within the range of 0～0.05, while fractionation between olivine and spinel is about 0.05～0.10. The fractionation trend between olivine and spinel is opposite to previous theoretical and experimental constraints, which may be due to substantial Cr substitution into the spinel. This indicates that negative correlations between spinel Cr#, fO2 and spinel δ56Fe in previous studies are probably a reflection of gradual Cr enrichment in spinel during melt extraction, and spinel δ56Fe values are not a proxy for oxygen fugacity. Whole rock δ56Fe values are well correlated with mineral δ56Fe values, varying from overlapping with depleted mantle to slightly lower than depleted mantle. Therefore, variations in iron isotope compositions of subduction zone magmas are probably due to combined effect of source heterogeneity and partial melting fractionation.  相似文献   

7.
Crystal-plastic olivine deformation to produce subgrain boundaries composed of edge dislocations is an inevitable consequence of asthenospheric mantle flow. Although crystal-plastic deformation and serpentinization are spatio-temporally decoupled, we identified compositional readjustments expressed on the micrometric level as a striped Fe-enriched ( [`(X)]\textFe \bar{X}_{\text{Fe}}  = 0.24 ± 0.02 (zones); 0.12 ± 0.02 (bulk)) or Fe-depleted ( [`(X)]\textFe \bar{X}_{\text{Fe}}  = 0.10 ± 0.01 (zones); 0.13 ± 0.01 (bulk)) zoning in partly serpentinized olivine grains from two upper mantle sections in Norway. Focused ion beam sample preparation combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and aberration-corrected scanning TEM, enabling atomic-level resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopic line profiling, reveals that every zone is immediately associated with a subgrain boundary. We infer that the zonings are a result of the environmental Fe2+Mg−1 exchange potential during antigorite serpentinization of olivine and the drive toward element exchange equilibrium. This is facilitated by enhanced solid-state diffusion along subgrain boundaries in a system, which otherwise re-equilibrates via dissolution-reprecipitation. Fe enrichment or depletion is controlled by the silica activity imposed on the system by the local olivine/orthopyroxene mass ratio, temperature and the effect of magnetite stability. The Fe-Mg exchange coefficients K\textD\textAtg/\textOl K_{\text{D}}^{{{\text{Atg}}/{\text{Ol}}}} between both types of zoning and antigorite display coalescence toward exchange equilibrium. With both types of zoning, Mn is enriched and Ni depleted compared with the unaffected bulk composition. Nanometer-sized, heterogeneously distributed antigorite precipitates along olivine subgrain boundaries suggest that water was able to ingress along them. Crystallographic orientation relationships gained via electron backscatter diffraction between olivine grain domains and different serpentine vein generations support the hypothesis that serpentinization was initiated along olivine subgrain boundaries.  相似文献   

8.
Hydrogen solubility and hydroxyl substitution mechanism in olivineat upper-mantle conditions are not only a function of pressure,temperature, water fugacity and hydrogen fugacity, but are alsoinfluenced by silica activity. Olivine synthesized in equilibriumwith magnesiowüstite displays hydroxyl stretching bandsin the wavenumber range from 3640 to 3430 cm–1. In contrast,olivine in equilibrium with orthopyroxene shows absorption bandsin a narrower wavenumber range from 3380 to 3285 cm–1.The two fundamentally different spectra are assigned to hydroxylin tetrahedral and octahedral sublattices, respectively. Olivinein equilibrium with orthopyroxene is also less capable of incorporatinghydroxyl, relative to olivines in equilibrium with magnesiowüstite,by about a factor of ten. A comparison of spectra obtained aspart of this study with hydroxyl spectra of natural mantle olivinesshows that the latter display hydroxyl stretching patterns reminiscentof equilibrium with magnesiowüstite, although undoubtedlyolivine in the Earth’s mantle coexists with orthopyroxene.This may be attributed to a metasomatic overprint by a low-silicafluid and/or melt that was in reaction relationship with orthopyroxene.A likely metasomatic agent is a carbonatitic melt. When carbonatiticmelts decompose to oxides and CO2, they may temporarily imposea low-aSiO2 environment inherited by the olivine structure.If this suggestion proves true, Fourier transform IR spectroscopymay be used to fingerprint metasomatic episodes in the lithosphericmantle. KEY WORDS: FTIR spectrometry; olivine; mantle; metasomatism; water  相似文献   

9.
Unusually alumina-poor orthopyroxene is found in a spinel peridotitefrom the Horoman Peridotite Complex, Japan. Al2O3, Cr2O3 andCaO contents in the low-Al orthopyroxene (named Low-Al OPX hereafter)are <0·25 wt %, <0·04 wt % and <0·3wt %, respectively, and are distinctively lower than those inorthopyroxene porphyroclasts. The Low-Al OPX occurs in two modes,both at the margin of olivine. The first mode of occurrenceis as the rim of a large orthopyroxene porphyroclast in contactwith olivine. This type of Low-Al OPX occurs only locally (15µm x 45 µm), and the orthopyroxene rim in contactwith olivine more commonly has normal Al2O3 contents (>2wt %). In the second mode of occurrence, the Low-Al OPX occursas a thin film, 5 µm x 50 µm in dimension, at agrain boundary between olivine and clinopyroxene. Trace elementcompositions of porphyroclast clinopyroxene in the sample indicatethat the sample having the Low-Al OPX underwent metasomatismalthough there are no hydrous minerals around the Low-Al OPX.Petrographic observations and trace element compositions ofclinopyroxene combined with an inferred P–T history ofthe Horoman peridotite suggest that the Low-Al OPX was formedthrough a very local reaction between peridotite and invasivefluids, probably formed by dehydration of a subducted slab,in a late stage of the history of the Horoman peridotite. Crystallizationof orthopyroxene, representing addition of silica to mantlelherzolite via a CO2 + H2O-bearing fluid phase, is a mechanismfor metasomatic alteration of mantle wedge peridotite. KEY WORDS: Horoman Peridotite Complex; low-Al orthopyroxene; metasomatism; mantle wedge  相似文献   

10.
张旗  陈龙红 《地质科学》1997,32(1):88-95
用质子探针技术对双沟地幔交代熔融物的微区微量元素进行了测定。研究表明,地幔橄榄岩中的残留矿物橄榄石和斜方辉石仅含Ni和Zn,而Ga、Ge、Sr、Rb、Zr、Y、As、Pb等微量元素主要集中在地幔部分熔融所产生的矿物(尤其是尖晶石和绿泥石)中。微区范围内微量元素的分布表明,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔不均一性的尺度可达微米级,通常解释为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在开放系统下地幔交代作用的结果。  相似文献   

11.
冯光英  刘燊  牛晓露  杨经绥 《地球科学》2018,43(4):1293-1306
双凤山基性侵入岩体位于松嫩-张广才岭地块南缘,其岩石组成主要为橄榄辉长岩.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示该岩体形成于279±4 Ma.岩石矿物组成主要为橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、高An值（80.1~87.9）斜长石以及以反应边形式存在的角闪石,矿物学特征指示其母岩浆为经历过充分流体交代的富水岩浆.全岩主微量元素组成揭示其源区物质组成为石榴子石二辉橄榄岩,部分熔融程度约20%,岩浆演化过程中经历了斜长石堆晶作用以及斜方辉石的结晶分异作用.全岩Sr-Nd同位素及锆石Hf同位素研究显示其（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.705 2~0.706 1,并具有正的εNd（t）值（0.9~1.3）和εHf（t）值（0~10.2）,表明其来源于亏损的地幔源区,并且岩浆上升过程中没有经历明显的地壳混染.微量元素和同位素特征综合反映岩浆源区经历了古亚洲洋俯冲沉积物熔体和流体交代作用的改造,但起主导作用的是流体.其地球化学特征总体显示MORB以及弧型玄武岩过渡的特征,暗示其形成于弧后伸展环境.研究区基性侵入岩地幔源区的不均一性主要受到古亚洲洋多期次俯冲作用析出熔/流体对上覆地幔楔不同程度的改造.   相似文献   

12.
Mantle xenoliths (lherzolites, clinopyroxene dunites, wehrlites, and clinopyroxenites) in the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of Makhtesh Ramon (alkali olivine basalts, basanites, and nephelinites) represent metasomatized mantle, which served as a source of basaltic melts. The xenoliths bear signs of partial melting and previous metasomatic transformations. The latter include the replacement of orthopyroxene by clinopyroxene in the lherzolites and, respectively, the wide development of wehrlites and olivine clinopyoroxenites. Metasomatic alteration of the peridotites is accompanied by a sharp decrease in Mg, Cr, and Ni, and increase of Ti, Al, Ca contents and 3+Fe/2+Fe ratio, as well as the growth of trace V, Sc, Zr, Nb, and Y contents. The compositional features of the rocks such as the growth of 3+Fe/2+Fe and the wide development of Ti-magnetite in combination with the complete absence of sulfides indicate the high oxygen fugacity during metasomatism and the low sulfur concentration, which is a distinctive signature of fluid mode during formation of the Makhtesh Ramon alkali basaltic magma. Partial melting of peridotites and clinopyroxenites is accompanied by the formation of basanite or alkali basaltic melt. Clino- and orthopyroxenes are subjected to melting. The crystallization products of melt preserved in the mantle rock are localized in the interstices and consist mainly of fine-grained clinopyroxene, which together with Ti-magnetite, ilmenite, amphibole, rhenite, feldspar, and nepheline, is cemented by glass corresponding to quartz–orthopyroxene, olivine–orthopyroxene, quartz–feldspar, or nepheline–feldspar mixtures of the corresponding normative minerals. The mineral assemblages of xenoliths correspond to high temperatures. The high-Al and high-Ti clinopyroxene, calcium olivine, feldspar, and feldspathoids, amphibole, Ti-magnetite, and ilmenite are formed at 900–1000°. The study of melt and fluid inclusions in minerals from xenoliths indicate liquidus temperatures of 1200–1250°C, solidus temperatures of 1000–1100°C, and pressure of 5.9–9.5 kbar. Based on the amphibole–plagioclase barometer, amphibole and coexisting plagioclase were crystallized in clinopyroxenites at 6.5–7.0 kbar.  相似文献   

13.
Amphibole + phlogopite + diopside bearing veins are observed in a large number of upper mantle xenoliths, but the composition of the melt that forms them is poorly constrained. Recent data from the Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany, has shown that phonolite melt will react with olivine and orthopyroxene xenocrysts to form reaction rims of amphibole + phlogopite + diopside at mid-lower crustal pressures. This is the first example of where a melt has reacted with peridotite to form the mineralogy of the metasomatic veins. It is therefore necessary to explore whether a phonolite melt could be the parent melt that forms amphibole + phlogopite + diopside metasomatic veins. Experimental reactions between single crystals of olivine and orthopyroxene with phonolite melt were conducted at upper mantle conditions of 1.0–1.5 GPa and 900–1,000 °C. Melt water contents were varied from anhydrous to >12 wt. H2O. Olivine reacts to form phlogopite reaction rims with overgrowths of diopside <1,000 °C or rims of secondary olivine >1,000 °C. Orthopyroxene reacts to form amphibole with epitaxial diopside overgrowths <1,000 °C. No reaction rims form when the bulk melt H2O is lower than ~3.8 wt%. Pressure has little effect over the small range tested. These experiments reproduce reaction rims on olivine and orthopyroxene observed in the Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany, and suggest that a relatively narrow range of temperatures and melt water contents is required for rim formation. The compositions of rim amphibole, phlogopite and diopside from the experiments have very similar compositions to those from Heldburg but do not match those from metasomatic veins. Phenocrysts from Heldburg are similar to the metasomatic veins, suggesting that a phonolite could potentially form the veins if vein formation is dominated by crystallization rather than reaction and replacement of wall rock phases.  相似文献   

14.
A garnet lherzolite xenolith hosted in olivine nephelinite from Xilong,Zhejiang Province ,southeastern China, shows clear evidence of modal metasomatism involving a special sanidine-olivine-diopside(SOD) association which was produced by replacement of primary orthopyroxene.The fluid responsible for the measomatism was a silica-undersaturated vapour,rich in K,Ba,Sr and Ti.It is suggested that the SOD assemblage is the product of metasomatism of a depleted lherzolite precursor,and formed in the upper mantle prior to entrainment and eruption.  相似文献   

15.
南美洲南部的Pali Aike火山岩区第四纪碱性玄武岩中普遍发育含石榴石的斜方辉石岩包体。这种斜方辉石岩既作为独立的捕掳体存在又以细脉的形式穿插于橄榄岩捕掳体中。斜方辉石岩普遍含富Ti矿物,并且次生斜方辉石含橄榄石和单斜辉石残晶。与含石榴石橄榄岩中的斜方辉石相比,这种次生的斜方辉石以高TiO2、中等含量的Al2O3以及低Mg#为特征,表明它是在一种高度分异演化的富Ti熔体交代作用下通过消耗橄榄石和单斜辉石方式形成的。斜方辉石岩全岩的Co、Ni略低,Cr和铂族元素(PGE)含量与地幔橄榄岩相当,表明这些元素在交代作用过程中相对稳定,而交代介质带入的组分以碱质(K2O+Na2O)、Ti、Si、Al和S为主。交代的斜方辉石在现代活动岛弧和古克拉通的地幔橄榄岩捕掳体中多有报道。与这些环境中地幔样品的斜方辉石相比,PaliAike地区的次生斜方辉石含有相对高的Ti和Al,以及相对低的Mg。高Ti低Mg属性反映了交代介质可能来源于下伏的软流圈地幔并且经历了高度的分异和演化过程。Pali Aike地区所见到的这种交代斜方辉石和斜方辉石岩在其他被上涌软流圈影响的陆下岩石圈地幔中可能普遍存在。这些研究对了解中国华北-东北中生代以来的岩石圈地幔减薄机制有着重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

16.
Anhydrous phase relations were determined at 1 atm and 10 to 15 kbar for primitive high-alumina basalts (79–35g and 82–72f) from Giant Crater at Medicine Lake volcano. These compositions are multiply saturated with olivine+augite+plagioclase+spinel+/-orthopyroxene near the liquidus at about 11 kbar. Experiments on mixtures of sample 79–35g with orthopyroxene and olivine determined the location of the multiple saturation boundaries where liquid coexists with the assemblage olivine+augite+orthopyroxene+plagioclase at 10 kbar and olivine+augite+orthopyroxene+spinel at 15 kbar. The mix experiments showed that primitive Medicine Lake high alumina basalts (HABs) are close in composition to liquids in equilibrium with a mantle lherzolite source containing olivine+augite+ orthopyroxene+spinel+plagioclase at 11 kbar. Orthopyroxene observed as a near liquidus phase in an 11 kbar experiment on sample 82–72f supports this conclusion. The most primitive HABs from Medicine Lake are low in K2O (0.07 wt.%), high in MgO (>10 wt.%) and Ni (231 ppm), and have light-rare earth element depletions and large ion lithophile element enrichments. A model for the origin of these near-primary high-alumina basalts is that they are partial melts of a MORB-like mantle lherzolite source that has been enriched by a fluid component derived from the subducted slab. The HAB magma segregated from its mantle residue just below the base of the crust near the crust-mantle boundary.  相似文献   

17.
Garnet peridotites from the southern Su‐Lu ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terrane, eastern China, contain porphyroblastic garnet with aligned inclusions comprising a low‐P–T mineral assemblage (chlorite, hornblende, Na‐gedrite, Na‐phlogopite, talc, spinel and pyrite). Orthopyroxene porphyroblasts show fine exsolution lamellae of clinopyroxene and minor chromite. A clinopyroxene inclusion in garnet shows some orthopyroxene exsolution lamellae. Both the rims of porphyroblastic pyroxene and garnet and the matrix pyroxene and garnet crystallized at the expense of olivine. This is interpreted as a result of metasomatism of the peridotites by an SiO2‐rich melt at UHP conditions. A chromian garnet further overgrew on the rims of the garnet. The XMg values (Mg/(Mg+Fe)) of porphyroblastic garnet decrease from core to rim and vary in different peridotite samples, while the compositions of both the porphyroblastic and the matrix pyroxene are similar in terms of Ca–Mg–Fe. The Mg‐rich cores of porphyroblastic garnet and orthopyroxene record high temperatures and pressures (c. 1000 °C, ≥5.1 GPa), whereas the matrix minerals, including the rims of porphyroblasts, record much lower P–T (c. 4.2 GPa, c. 760 °C). Sm–Nd data give apparent isochron ages of c. 380 Ma and negative εNd(0) values (c.?9). These dates are considered meaningless due to isotopic disequilibrium between garnet cores and the rest of the rocks. The isotopic disequilibrium was probably caused by metasomatism of the peridotites by melt/fluids derived from the coevally subducted crustal materials. On the other hand, the Rb–Sr isotopic systems of phlogopite and clinopyroxene appear to have reached equilibrium and record a cooling age of c. 205 Ma. It is suggested that the garnet peridotites were originally emplaced into a low‐P–T environment prior to the c. 220 Ma continental collision, during which they were subducted together with crustal rocks to mantle depth and subjected to UHP metamorphism. An important corollary is that at least some of the coevally subducted crustal rocks in the Su‐Lu terrane have been subjected to peak metamorphism at P–T conditions much higher than presently estimated (≥2.7 GPa, ≤800 °C).  相似文献   

18.
量化研究幔源岩浆从源区运移至喷发或者侵位的时间尺度，对理解基性岩浆作用具有重要意义。然而，对于岩浆的喷发和就位的时间尺度研究仍缺乏有效的约束，位于我国华北克拉通北部山西大同新生代火山岩群是理想的研究地区。本文以该火山群～0.2 Ma喷发的神泉寺碱性玄武岩为研究对象，重点研究其中携带的地幔橄榄石捕掳晶来约束喷发前的时间尺度。通过对其开展详细的矿物化学研究，发现地幔捕掳晶核部的Fo值高达97.7,为极富镁橄榄石，结合其极低的Ca、Mn和Ni含量特征，认为它们捕获自被交代的地幔橄榄岩。另外，地幔橄榄石捕掳晶发育明显的CaO成分环带，表明其在地壳岩浆系统内经历了复杂的岩浆演化过程。地幔橄榄石捕掳晶反应边宽度变化很大，说明它们在源区被捕获时及在运移过程中经过了多次破碎过程。橄榄石捕掳晶最边缘的Fo值为70左右，平衡计算表明它们在边部已与主岩浆(碱性玄武岩)达到平衡。Fe-Mg元素扩散计时结果显示，橄榄石地幔捕掳晶仅在岩浆中滞留了几个月的时间。对于40～70 km的岩石圈地幔厚度来说，岩浆平均上升速率最快可能超过500 m/d。  相似文献   

19.
The crystallization sequences in olivine-rich nephelinitic andbasanitic compositions have been experimentally studied underdry conditions at pressures up to 36 kb. Electron microprobeanalyses of olivines, clinopyroxenes, garnets, and orthopyroxenesenable calculation of possible crystal fractionation trendsfor these magmas at various pressures. Low-pressure fractionationis dominated by olivine and yields derivative liquids of highersilica content and showing rapid iron enrichment. At pressuresof 18–27 kb, fractionation is controlled by aluminousclinopyroxene with minor olivine or garnet. Derivative liquidsshow marked depletion in calcium accompanying silica depletionand increasing degree of undersaturation. .At pressures greaterthan 27 kb, crystal fractionation is controlled by garnet+clinopyroxeneseparation. Chemical analyses of these phases allow quantitativecalculations of possible fractionation which show that largedegrees of crystallization are required to produce quite smallchanges in silica content and in degree of undersaturation.In addition, fractionation by garnet and clinopyroxene separationis accompanied by depletion in calcium content in the more undersaturatedrocks and high degrees of crystallization are necessarily accompaniedby enrichment in iron relative to magnesium. These effects areinconsistent with the characteristics of natural magmas of mantlederivation in the range from alkali olivine basalts to olivinemelilitites. It is concluded that separation of garnet and clinopyroxeneunder upper mantle conditions does not produce the natural magmaseries from olivine-rich tholeiite to olivine nephelinite andolivine melilitite. The transient role of orthopyroxene overa very small P, T range in the melting interval of two of theexperimental compositions suggests that an olivine-rich basanitemay be developed by small degrees of partial melting of a sourcepyrolite under dry conditions at 60–80 km depth. Thisliquid, which would form in equilibrium with residual olivine,aluminous orthopyroxene, and aluminous clinopyroxene, wouldcontain approximately 5 per cent normative orthoclase, 5 percent albite, 12 per cent nepheline, 20 per cent anorthite, 22per cent diopside, and 31 per cent olivine.  相似文献   

20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1506-1522
Garnet orthopyroxenites from Maowu (Dabieshan orogen, eastern China) were formed from a refractory harzburgite/dunite protolith. They preserve mineralogical and geochemical evidence of hydration/metasomatism and dehydration at the lower edge of a cold mantle wedge. Abundant polyphase inclusions in the cores of garnet porphyroblasts record the earliest metamorphism and metasomatism in garnet orthopyroxenites. They are mainly composed of pargasitic amphibole, gedrite, chlorite, talc, phlogopite, and Cl-apatite, with minor anhydrous minerals such as orthopyroxene, sapphirine, spinel, and rutile. Most of these phases have high XMg, NiO, and Ni/Mg values, implying that they probably inherited the chemistry of pre-existing olivine. Trace element analyses indicate that polyphase inclusions are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE), and high field strength elements (HFSE), with spikes of Ba, Pb, U, and high U/Th. Based on the P–T conditions of formation for the polyphase inclusions (?1.4 GPa, 720–850°C), we suggest that the protolith likely underwent significant hydration/metasomatism by slab-derived fluid under shallow–wet–cold mantle wedge corner conditions beneath the forearc. When the hydrated rocks were subducted into a deep–cold mantle wedge zone and underwent high-pressure–ultrahigh-pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphism, amphibole, talc, and chlorite dehydrated and garnet, orthopyroxene, Ti-chondrodite, and Ti-clinohumite formed during prograde metamorphism. The majority of LILE (e.g. Ba, U, Pb, Sr, and Th) and LREE were released into the fluid formed by dehydration reactions, whereas HFSE (e.g. Ti, Nb, and Ta) remained in the cold mantle wedge lower margin. Such fluid resembling the trace element characteristics of arc magmas evidently migrates into the overlying, internal, hotter part of the mantle wedge, thus resulting in a high degree of partial melting and the formation of arc magmas.  相似文献   

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