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1.
复方新诺明在鲈鱼体内的药物代谢动力学研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  
首次报道了用高效液相色谱法研究鲈鱼口服复方新诺明的药物代谢动力学特征。结果表明 ,鲈鱼单次口服剂量为200×10-6的复方新诺明后 ,其血液药物浓度 时间数据符合一室开放动力学模型。药物代谢动力学参数 :吸收速率常数 (ka)为0.096h -1、达峰时间 (Tmax)为21.479h,峰浓度 (Cmax)为50.768μg/ml、吸收半衰期 (T(1/2)Ka)为7.250h、消除半衰期 (T(1/2)K)为38.299h,药时曲线下面积 (AUC)为4138.400(mg·h)/L。鲈鱼口服药物0.5h后在肌肉、血液、肝脏、肾脏4种组织中就可以检测到药物的存在。药物在16h采样点4种组织里的浓度达最高。药物在肌肉、血液、肝脏中的平均回收率约80%～90 % ,该方法的检测限可达0.05×10-6。  相似文献   

2.
李晖  李健  孙铭  梁俊平 《海洋科学》2013,37(3):63-69
在水温(25±0.6)℃条件下,分别以10、10和30 mg/kg剂量给健康日本对虾血窦注射、肌注和口服药饵麻保沙星后,用高效液相色谱法测定药物浓度,采用DAS2.0药动学软件对血药浓度进行分析,主要比较了肌注和口服药饵两种给药方式下麻保沙星在日本对虾体内的药代动力学差异。结果显示,血窦注射给药后,麻保沙星在日本对虾体内药物动力学最佳模型为无级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程为:C血窦注射=13.373e–1.396 t+8.28e–0.062 t;肌注和口服药饵麻保沙星后,在日本对虾体内的代谢过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程为C肌肉注射=15.521e–1.153t+7.90e–0.059t-23.421e–11.73t,C口服药饵=17.486e–0.33t+3.01e–0.051t-20.496e–0.408t。与口服药饵给药后药代动力学参数比较,肌注给药后的tmax(0.25 h)、t1/2Ka(0.059 h)、t1/2α(0.601 h)和t1/2β(11.769 h)均小于口服药饵给药的tmax(0.5 h)、t1/2Ka(1.697 h)、t1/2α(2.103 h)和t1/2β(13.535 h),且Cmax(20.7858 mg/L)和F(99.56%)均大于口服药饵给药Cmax(12.4774mg/L)、F(69.68%)。结果表明,肌注麻保沙星在日本对虾体内的吸收、分布和消除均快于口服药饵给药,且比口服给药吸收较完全。本实验将药动学参数与抗菌后效应(PAE)和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)相结合来探讨麻保沙星的给药方案,建议在治疗日本对虾细菌性疾病时,肌注14.30 mg/kg,每隔13.6 h一次;口服19.17 mg/kg,每隔11.8 h一次。  相似文献   

3.
磺胺二甲嘧啶在大菱鲆体内的药代动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在水温(15±1)℃条件下,给大菱鲆以100 mg/kg的剂量灌服磺胺二甲嘧啶后,用HPLC法测得96h内大菱鲆肌肉、血浆、肝脏中磺胺二甲嘧啶的浓度。用DAS 2.0软件分析后表明,磺胺二甲嘧啶在大菱鲆肌肉、血浆和肝脏中药代动力学模型均为一房室开放模型,肌肉、血浆和肝脏中的消除相半衰期T1/2和吸收相半衰期T1/2ka分别为27.413h、8.8h、5.715h和1.526h、0.919h、1.358h;出现达峰时间Tmax为8h、4h、6h;最高药物浓度Cmax为31.486μg/mL、40.256μg/mL、26.475μg/mL;总体消除率CL/F为0.069L/h.kg、0.142L/h.kg、0.312L/h.kg;药物浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC为1178.428 mg/L.h、702.739 mg/L.h、320.015 mg/L.h;建议在水温15℃下使用磺胺二甲嘧啶进行大菱鲆疾病的预防和治疗时,至少停药36d后方可上市销售。  相似文献   

4.
曹立民  李健  刘淇  王群 《海洋科学》2006,30(5):45-51
应用高效液相色谱法研究了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)摄食诺氟沙星强化卤虫(Artemia)的药物代谢动力学。结果表明:强化4~8 h,卤虫体内的药物质量浓度达到最高,此后卤虫体内药物摄入和排除达到一个动态平衡;温度影响诺氟沙星在卤虫体内半衰期:体长3mm和6 mm的卤虫,在4,16,28℃时的半衰期分别为51.33,19.29,18.64 h和39.67,13.26,12.6 h。对虾摄食诺氟沙星强化的卤虫后,对虾组织中药物质量浓度经时过程符合一级吸收二室开放模型;投喂剂量对Tmax和Cmax影响较大,当对虾给药质量分数分别为800,400,200mg/kg时,肌肉中给药后出现最高血药的时间或达峰时间分别为0.403,0.540,0.481 h;肝胰脏中给药后出现最高血药的时间或达峰时间分别为0.826,1.839,1.469 h;肌肉中给药后的最高血药质量浓度分别为98.943,46.752,10.887 mg/L;肝胰脏中给药后的最高血药质量浓度分别为738.267,597.352,415.268 mg/L。药物在对虾肌肉的消除半衰期(约26.688 h)明显长于肝胰脏中消除半衰期(约13.988 h)。  相似文献   

5.
采用静水试验法,以四种典型抗生素(四环素、土霉素、磺胺甲恶唑和诺氟沙星)对刺参幼参分别进行了单一的急性毒性试验。结果表明:四环素对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC_(50)分别为675.96、574.12、407.79、319.32mg/L;土霉素对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为390.81、311.97、262.88、224.88mg/L;磺胺甲恶唑对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为569.64、478.10、399.00、296.89mg/L;诺氟沙星对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC_(50)分别为164.88、63.26、45.19、37.65mg/L。另外,四种抗生素对刺参幼参的安全浓度(SC)分别为31.20mg/L(四环素)、22.49mg/L(土霉素)、29.69mg/L(磺胺甲恶唑)和3.77mg/L(诺氟沙星),按照水生生物毒性分级,诺氟沙星对刺参幼参为中毒物质,其他三种抗生素药物对幼参为低毒物质。  相似文献   

6.
铜在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)组织蓄积、分配及排放的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  
采用暴露实验方法 ,研究了海水中Cu在牙鲆 (Paralichthysolivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律 ,海水中总有机碳 (TOC)浓度、配体种类对铜吸收的影响及其与海水表观络合容量 (ACuCC)的关系。结果表明 ,Cu浓度为 0 .5mg/L时 ,各组织内Cu蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大 ,第 1 3天均达吸收平衡 ,此时Cu蓄积量 (mg/kg)为内脏 971 .89>肌肉 2 0 4 .99>鳃 90 .0 4。染毒 1 3天牙鲆在清洁海水中排放结果表明 :随排放时间增加各组织Cu蓄积量下降 ,第 8天接近排放平衡。此时各组织Cu排出率为 :肌肉 89% >鳃 86.5 % >内脏团 83.7%。海水中TOC浓度、种类对牙鲆Cu蓄积有明显影响 ,当TOC浓度相同时 ,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低Cu在牙鲆组织内吸收和蓄积量 ;当TOC种类相同时 ,随TOC浓度升高 ,各组织铜蓄积量均明显下降 ,表明海水TOC能降低牙鲆组织对Cu的吸收和积累。ACuCC随TOC浓度增加有明显上升趋势 ,并与TOC浓度呈线性相关。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨悬浮物对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼(25~35mm)的毒性效应及存活影响,研究了悬浮物(粒径为1.102μm~14.501μm)对褐牙鲆幼鱼的毒性效应。结果表明,随着悬浮物浓度的增加,褐牙鲆死亡率逐渐上升。当悬浮物浓度≥2000mg/L时,实验组与对照组96h时死亡率有极显著差异(P0.01)。通过Bliss法计算得出,悬浮物对褐牙鲆幼鱼的24、48、72和96hLC_(50)(95%可信限)分别为:29 981mg/L(18 687~157 229mg/L)、26 218mg/L(17 154~73 764mg/L)、19 859mg/L(14 019~42 252mg/L)、12 637mg/L(10 010~18 998mg/L),随着水体中悬浮物暴露时间的延长,悬浮物对褐牙鲆的LC_(50)逐渐减小。根据96hLC_(50)计算得出悬浮物对褐牙鲆的安全浓度(SC)为1263.7mg/L。与已报道的其它物种比较,褐牙鲆属对悬浮物耐受性较强的物种。  相似文献   

8.
用高效液相色谱法研究静注、肌注和口服氟苯尼考在中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeuschinensis)体内的药代动力学特征,所得数据用MCP-KP程序分析。结果表明,3种给药方式的血药经时过程均符合二室开放模型,符合一级吸收二项指数方程,血窦注射、肌肉注射、口服药饵的时间对药物质量浓度的理论方程分别是:C血注=16.38e-2.58t 0.32e-0.1t,C肌注=18.7e-2.57t 0.26e-0.12t,C药饵=15.08e–1.49t 0.65e-0.09t–15.74e–10.38t。主要药物代谢动力学参数分别是:吸收半衰期(t(1/2)α)为0.269,0.270和0.465h,消除半衰期(t(1/2)β)为6.921,6.494和7.903h,表观分布容积(Vβ)为1.287,1.293和2.421L/kg,总体清除率(Cs)为0.129,0.138和0.213L/(h·kg),药时曲线下总面积(Au,c)为0.755,0.681和0.666L/(h·kg)。肌肉注射和口服给药的生物利用度(F)分别是90.20%和97.58%。  相似文献   

9.
研究卡托普利生物黏附型缓释胶囊(Captopril/bioadhesive sustained-release capsules,CBSRCs)在大鼠体内的药动学,通过建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)-紫外检测法测定卡托普利(Captopril,Cap)的血药浓度,研究了大鼠灌胃CBSRCs和卡托普利普通片(Captopril ordinary tablet,COT)各5 mg/kg后16 h内的药动学,DAS 2.0软件计算出相应的药动学参数,t检验比较两种制剂的药动学参数。结果表明,Cap浓度在12.5～800μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998 7),最低检测限为12.5μg/L,平均回收率为99.40%,平均日内RSD为3.97%,平均日间RSD为4.84%;单剂量口服CBSRCs和COT,Tmax分别为(3.12±0.67),(1.53±0.27)h;Cmax为(722.97±133.68),(1 114.47±208.36)μg/L;T1/2α为(1.88±0.38),(1.15±0.21)h;T1/2β为(3.76±0.75),(2.87±0.59)h;CL为(2.87±0.51),(3.43±0.67)L/h,Vd为(10.98±1.90),(13.21±2.57)L;AUC0-t为(4 856.03±835.46),(4 616.29±915.49)μg.h/L;AUC0-∞为(5 218.39±1 037.58),(4 705.83±894.56)μg.h/L。CBSRCs和COT相比,T1/2α,T1/2β,AUC0-t,AUC0-∞,CL,Vd,Tmax,Cmax差异显著(P0.05或0.01)。说明CBSRCs与市售COT在大鼠体内的药动学特征差异具有显著性,说明高效液相色谱-紫外检测器测定Cap含量的方法稳定,结果准确可靠。CBSRCs与市售COT相比,CBSRCs显著改善了卡托普利原药的药动学性质,具有缓释和长效的作用。  相似文献   

10.
采用高效液相色谱法,研究了(24.5±0.2)℃水温条件下单次静注和口服给药后噁喹酸在健康大菱鲆体内的代谢动力学规律.结果显示,大菱鲆单次口服嗯喹酸(20mg/kg)后,药物在血浆中经时过程符合一级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程为C口服 =2.059e-0.062t +0.645e-0.023t-2.704e-0.202t,单次静注嗯喹酸(10mg/kg)后,药物在血浆经时过程符合无级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程为C静注=12.284e-0.144 +0.284e-0.027t.血浆中的主要药动学参数,静注的t1/2α (4.813 h)、t1/2β(25.441h)、tmax(0.083 h)均小于口服给药(11.26、30.212、6h).结果表明,静注嗯喹酸在大菱鲆体内的吸收、消除速度,达峰时间均快于口服给药.根据本实验的结果,嗯喹酸的合理给药方案为:建议口服给药按鱼体重21.41mg/kg,每日1次给药,连用5～7 d.  相似文献   

11.
Polar bears bioaccumulate lipophilic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), into their bodies from their exclusive diet of marine organisms. Hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been found in plasma, presumably due to CYP-dependent biotransformation of PCBs in liver. Little is known about the phase 2 metabolism of hydroxylated xenobiotics in polar bears. The objective of this study was to examine UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity with OH-PCBs and a hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-BaP), in polar bear liver. Samples of frozen polar bear liver were used to prepare microsomes. UGT activity with 3-OH-BaP in Brij-treated microsomes, measured by a fluorescence assay, was readily measurable with protein concentrations in assay tubes of up to 10 μg/ml, but dropped off very sharply at higher protein concentrations. The apparent Km for 3-OH-BaP was 1.71 ± 0.04 μM, and Vmax 1.26 ± 0.16 nmol/min/mg protein (mean ± SD, n=3). UGT activities with a model tetrachloro-OH-PCB (4′-OH-CB72) and a model hexachloro-OH-PCB (4′-OH-CB159) were assayed with [14-C]-UDPGA and separation of the [14-C]-glucuronide by ion-pair extraction and thin-layer chromatography. [14-C]-glucuronide conjugates were readily formed by polar bear liver microsomes in the absence of added substrate, apparently from contaminants present in liver. This phenomenon was not observed using hepatic microsomes from laboratory-held catfish. Glucuronidation efficiency was much higher with 4′-OH-CB72 (Km 7.3 μM; Vmax 1.55 nmol/min/mg) than 4′-OH-CB159 (Km 16.1 μM; Vmax 0.46 nmol/min/mg). The identities of the aglycones present in polar bear liver are not known, but could include OH-PCBs or hydroxylated metabolites of other persistent organic pollutants. This study demonstrates that UGT with high activity for 3-OH-BaP and other substrates is present in polar bear liver.  相似文献   

12.
The light-saturated maximum value (P B max) and initial slope (α) of the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) curve were examined in a warm streamer, a cold streamer and a warm core ring off the Sanriku area in the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean during an ADEOS/OCTS Sanriku field campaign in early May 1997. BothP B max and α were within the ranges of temperate populations. A regional difference was apparent inP B max: populations in the warm streamer tended to show higher value ranging between 1.92 and 4.74 mgC (mgChla)−1h−1 than those in the cold streamer and the warm core ring (1.35–2.87 mgC (mgChla)−1h−1). A depth variation was also observed in α in both the warm streamer and the warm core ring: shallow populations tended to have lower α than deep populations. The depth variations in bothP B max and α resulted in a lower light intensity of the light saturation in a deeper population than that of a shallower one. These depth-related variations in the P-E parameters were likely a manifestation of “shade-adaptation” of photosynthesis. Photoinhibition was not observed over in situ surface light intensity varying below ca 1600 μmol photon m−2s−1. Water-column primary productivity was biooptically estimated to be 233 to 949 mgC m−2d−1 using vertical distributions of the P-E parameters, chlorophylla, phytoplankton light absorption and underwater irradiance. Applicability of surface data sets for estimation of water-column productivity is discussed.  相似文献   

13.
The photosynthetic properties of phytoplankton populations as related to physical–chemical variations on small temporal and spatial scales and to phytoplankton size structure and pigment spectra were investigated in the Northern Adriatic Sea off the Po River delta in late winter 1997. Large diatoms (fucoxanthin) dominated the phytoplankton in the coastal area whereas small phytoflagellates (mainly 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, chlorophyll b, 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin) occurred outside the front. The front was defined by the steep gradient in density in the surface layer separating low-salinity coastal waters from the offshore waters.Physical features of the area strongly influenced phytoplankton biomass distributions, composition and size structure. After high volumes of Po River discharge several gyres and meanders occurred in the area off the river delta in February. Decreasing river discharge and the subsequent disappearance of the gyres and the spreading dilution of the river plume was observed in March. The dynamic circulation of February resulted in high photosynthetic capacity of the abundant phytoplankton population (>3.40 mg m−3). In March, the slow circulation and an upper low-salinity water layer, segregated from the deeper layers, resulted in lack of renewal of this water mass. The huge phytoplankton biomass, up to 15.77 mg chl a m−3, became nutrient depleted and showed low photosynthetic capacity. In February, an exceptionally high PmaxB, 20.11 mg C (mg chl a)−1 h−1 was recorded in the Po River plume area and average PmaxB was three-fold in February as compared to the March recordings, 10.50 mg C (mg chl a)−1 h−1 and 3.22 mg C (mg chl a)−1 h−1, respectively.The extreme variability and values of phytoplankton biomass in the innermost plume area was not always reflected in primary production. Modeling of circulation patterns and water mass resilience in the area will help to predict phytoplankton response and biomass distributions. In the frontal area, despite a considerable variability in environmental conditions, our findings have shown that the phytoplankton assemblages will compensate for nutrient depression and hydrographic constraints, by means of size and taxonomic composition and, as a result, the variability in the photosynthetic capacity was much less pronounced than that observed for other parameters.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Thirty sites were sampled in three New Zealand rivers (Waikato, Maitai, and Wakapuaka) during late summer 1977. Samples were collected from just below the surface at mid river or in the tailraces below hydro‐electric dams.

Parameters measured included bacterial numbers (direct counts), heterotrophic potential (Vmax ), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), chlorophyll a (Chi a), and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

Bacterial populations per millilitre fluctuated threefold (6.4–19.4 × 105) along the Waikato River and were lower and more consistent in the two South Island rivers (1.46–2.55 × 105). In contrast, Vmax varied 5000‐fold in the Waikato River, from a characteristically oligotrophic value of 0.0035 μg. l?1·h?1 (Lake Taupo outlet) to a eutrophic value of 18.4 μg. l?1·h?1 at the Mihi bridge. Vmax for the two South Island rivers ranged from 0.0091 to 0.189 μg. l?1 · h?1.

ATP, Chi a, Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations for the 20 sites on the Waikato River varied in a similar way to the Vmax and bacterial data. There were large peaks at the Mihi bridge, lower values for the dam tailraces and significant increases for the sites below Hamilton. Concentrations for these parameters were lower and more consistent along the lengths of the two South Island rivers.

Most parameters were significantly correlated with each other for the Waikato River samples. The strongest correlations were between Vmax and bacterial numbers and between Vmax and nitrate nitrogen. In the Maitai and Wakapuaka River series these correlations were also significant, but the only other significant correlations recorded there were between ATP and nitrate nitrogen, and between ATP and bacterial numbers.  相似文献   

15.
Underwater light environment and photosynthetic accessory pigments were investigated in Ariake Bay in order to understand how change of the pigments occurs in response to the tidal-induced changes in underwater light conditions. We hypothesize that phytoplankton increases photo-protective pigments and decreases light-harvesting pigments under higher light condition in the mixed layer caused by tidal cycle. Contribution rates of non-phytoplankton particles (a nph (400–700)) for light attenuation coefficient (K d ) was highest (32–85%), and those of phytoplankton particles (a ph (400–700)), dissolved organic matter (a g (400–700)) and water were 6–32, 6–21 and 5–23%, respectively. Mean K d was higher during the spring tide (0.55 ± 0.23 m−1) than the neap tide (0.44 ± 0.16 m−1), and the K d difference was caused by the substances resuspension due to the tidal current. In contrast, ratios of photo-protective pigments (diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin) per chlorophyll a ((DD+DT)/Chl a) were higher during the neap tide (0.10 ± 0.03 mg mg-Chl a −1) than the spring tide (0.08 ± 0.03 mg mg-Chl a −1). And there was significant positive correlation between (DD+DT)/Chl a and mean relative PAR in the mixed layer ($ \overline {I_{mix} } $ \overline {I_{mix} } ). Moreover, there was significant negative correlation between ratios of light-harvesting pigments (fucoxanthin) per Chl a (Fuco/Chl a) and $ \overline {I_{mix} } $ \overline {I_{mix} } . These results suggested that phytoplankton in Ariake Bay increase photo-protective pigments and decrease light-harvesting pigments in the higher light condition of less turbid, shallower mixed layer during neap tide than spring tide.  相似文献   

16.
The ability to degraden-paraffin mixture of two bacterial strains,Caulobacter sp. andFlavobacterium sp., isolated from sea water of Tokyo Bay was studied experimentally in the enriched seawater (ESW) medium. These bacteria degraded actively the mixture ofn-tridecane,n-tetradecane,n-pentadecane andn-hexadecane. The maximum rate of degradation was observed after a lag period of 2 to 8 day and these bacteria were found to degrade then-paraffin mixture at rates calculated to be in a range from 3.3×10?12 to 3.4×10?11 mg-oil cell?1 h?1 at 20°C. The maximum degradation rate,r m mg-oil l?1 h?1, was correlated with the amount of the initial totaln-paraffin,S mg-oil l?1, as expressed by the following equation: $$rm = (rm)\max \left( {\frac{S}{{S + Km}}} \right)$$ where (r m )max denotes the largest value ofr m whenn-paraffin exists in large excess andK m is a constant and represents the amount ofn-paraffin at which the degradation rate,r m , reaches 1/2 of its largest value, (r m )max. The values of (r m )max andK m were calculated to be as follows: In the case ofCaulobacter sp. (strain KM-1), (r m )max=6.0 mg-oil l?1 h?1 andK m =191 mg-oillesw ?1; in the case ofFlavobacterium sp., (r m )max=5.47 mg-oil l?1 h?1 andK m =152 mg-oillesw ?1.  相似文献   

17.
The tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea is dominant in most regions of the Indo‐Pacific and the Red Sea and was introduced into the Mediterranean Sea after the opening of the Suez canal. The species is considered invasive in the Mediterranean Sea and has been progressively colonizing new areas westward. Growth and photosynthetic responses of H. stipulacea have been described but no information is yet available on the nitrogen nutrition of the species. Here we simultaneously investigated the uptake kinetics of ammonium and nitrate and the internal translocation of incorporated nitrogen in H. stipulacea using 15N‐labelled substrates across a range of Ni levels (5, 25, 50 and 100 μm ). The ammonium uptake rates exceeded the nitrate uptake rates 100‐fold, revealing a limited capacity of H. stipulacea to use nitrate as an alternative nitrogen source. The uptake rates of ammonium by leaves and roots were comparable up to 100 μm 15NH4Cl. At this concentration, the leaf uptake rate was 1.4‐fold higher (6.22 ± 0.70 μmol·g?1 DW h?1) than the root uptake rate (4.54 ± 0.28 μmol·g?1 DW h?1). The uptake of ammonium followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics, whereas nitrate uptake rates were relatively constant at all nutrient concentrations. The maximum ammonium uptake rate (Vmax) and the half‐saturation constant (Km) of leaves (9.79 μmol·g?1 DW h?1 and 57.95 μm , respectively) were slightly higher than that of roots (6.09 μmol·g?1DW h?1 and 30.85 μm , respectively), whereas the affinity coefficients (α = Vmax/Km) for ammonium of leaves (0.17) and roots (0.20) were comparable, a characteristic that is unique among seagrass species. No substantial translocation (<2.5%) of 15N incorporated as ammonium was detected between plant parts, whereas the translocation of 15N incorporated as nitrate was higher (40–100%). We conclude that the Ni acquisition strategy of H. stipulacea, characterized by a similar uptake capacity and efficiency of leaves and roots, favors the geographical expansion potential of the species into areas with variable water‐sediment N levels throughout the Mediterranean.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract. Biomass and primary production rates derived from photosynthesis-light curves on picoplankton (< 1 um fraction) and total phytoplankton were compared for the Strait of Messina. Picoplankton biomass ranged between 0.063 and 0.094 mg Chi a m-5 and accounted for 56–63 % of the total. Total primary production rates were between 0.22 and 1.56 mg C-m-2-h-1 of which the picoplankton contribution ranged from 24 to 43%. In this turbulent nearshore environment, the contribution of picoplankton to total phytoplankton production is considerably less than in calmer open-ocean waters. Carbon assimilation numbers (Pmb), the initial slope (a), adaptation parameter (Ik), optimal irradiance (Im) and compensation intensity (Lm,) for the picoplankton were lower than for the > 1 μm fraction. Fitted respiration (RmB) for the picoplankton was, however, on the average higher (10.3 % of PmB) than for the > 1 μrn fraction (6.6 %). Assimilation numbers for the > 1 μm fraction in the southern stations were of higher magnitude (8.5–12.0 mg C mg Chi a-1 h-1) than in the northern station, possibly due to the impact of upwelled water flowing southward along the Sicilian coast.  相似文献   

19.
应用液相色谱-串联质谱技术比较研究了头孢拉定、诺氟沙星及罗红霉素3种渔药在中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)日本品系体内的残留代谢规律。在(25.0±2)°C饲养条件下,通过连续7d对健康中华鳖日本品系投喂分别含有30mg/kg头孢拉定,300mg/kg诺氟沙星或30mg/kg罗红霉素的药饵后,比较分析了3种渔药在中华鳖日本品系体内各组织中的浓度变化。结果表明:头孢拉定和诺氟沙星的代谢符合一室消除模型,罗红霉素的代谢符合二室消除模型。头孢拉定在中华鳖日本品系血液、肌肉和肝脏中消除半衰期T1/2(Ke)分别为6.132h、9.002h和10.132h。诺氟沙星在中华鳖日本品系血液、肌肉和肝脏中消除半衰期T1/2(Ke)分别为22.526h、39.715h和41.585h。罗红霉素在中华鳖日本品系血液、肌肉和肝脏中消除半衰期T1/2(β)分别为38.54h、15.65h和100.5h。建议选用肝脏作为今后中华鳖质量安全残留监控靶组织。  相似文献   

20.
1. The adsorption action of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent on uranium in natural seawater can be expressed with the following formula of adsorption isotherm:C=k(U*)n = 8.51× 10-1(U*)0.49,where C is the concentration of uranium on adsorbent; U* is content of uranium in natural seawater employed.2. when the quantity of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent (T) is constant, with the increase of natural seawater quantity through the adsorption column (G), also increased are the adsorption content of uranium of the adsorbent (U), the concentration of uranium on the adsorbent (C) and the concentration of residual uranium (C0*) in natural seawater after adsorbing uranium, while the rate of recovery of uranium (R) is decreased. With the increase of (G) the coefficient of distribution (Kd) decreases to a certain value and then a little rises again.  相似文献   

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