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1.
对四川广元上寺剖面大隆组的放射虫动物群进行了详细的鉴定和丰度、分异度的统计。发现该放射虫动物群丰度和分异度均较低,以泡沫虫和内射虫为主,含少量十字多囊虫的分子;其丰度和分异度与长兴期海平面变化具有很好的耦合关系:放射虫丰度、分异度较大的层位对应于长兴早期和长兴晚期两次最大海侵事件发生的层位。相对长兴晚期而言,长兴早期放射虫的丰度和分异度较大,这与长兴早期水体相对较深有关。此外,有孔虫与放射虫丰度变化呈现很好的负相关性,这与它们不同的生活习性和水深的变化有关。分析表明:水深的变化是上寺剖面放射虫动物群演变的主要控制因素。 相似文献
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间带不同性质的底质中 ,介形虫动物群的特征和生态分布各不相同。在岩石滩和沙滩中介形虫较丰富、多样 ,前者具有 Xestoleberishanaii,Cythere lutea lutea,Loxoconcha hattorii,Aurila cymba等 ,而后者有 Sinocytheridea impressa,Pistocythereis bradyformis,Bicornucytherebisanensis,Cushmanidea subjaponica等。泥质滩中介形虫通常很少 ,有 Loxoconcha binhaiensis和L.ocellata等。受高潮和中潮影响的河口区 ,通常介形虫丰度和多样性的分布较低 ,都是适应环境变化很强的属种 ,并具有海、陆相介形虫分布的混合区段。朝向海洋方向 ,非海相介形虫的百分含量呈逐渐降低变化 ,而海相介形虫正好相反。 相似文献
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长江口附近的沿岸流和水团变化对研究长江三角洲沉积物的“源-汇”机制具有重要意义.对HZK2孔沉积物的粒度、年龄和有孔虫分布特征进行了研究分析.结果表明:HZK2孔52.5 m以上有孔虫均有分布,底栖有孔虫丰度在12 m以上和26.0~52.5 m含量超过40枚/g,代表不同沿岸流和水团的有孔虫属种含量在垂向上呈现明显的分带性.HZK2孔全新世以来经历了河口湾和水下三角洲两大沉积体系,并在全新世早期发育潮流沙脊.末次冰消期,钻孔所在位置受长江冲淡水和苏北沿岸流共同影响.全新世早期,则受苏北沿岸流影响为主;在此之后,长江口冲淡水的作用减弱,苏北、黄海沿岸流影响较强.全新世中晚期,苏北沿岸流、长江冲淡水、江浙沿岸流和东海外海水团多种水体共同作用钻孔所在海域,全新世晚期长江冲淡水作用占绝对优势. 相似文献
4.
依据珠江三角洲ZK13钻孔沉积物孢粉、微体古生物鉴定及年龄测试结果,将钻孔剖面记录的古环境信息划分为4个阶段。Ⅰ:91.50±11.00~84.61±5.47ka,孢粉组合为三缝孢-栎属-禾本科-栲属-松属-栗属-大戟科,反映温暖湿润气候,未见有孔虫及介形虫化石,沉积环境为陆相;Ⅱ:84.61±5.47~59.46±3.02ka,孢粉组合为栲属-三缝孢-栎属-禾本科-栗属-石竹科-单缝孢,反映干暖气候,未见有孔虫及介形虫化石,沉积环境为陆相;Ⅲ:59.46±3.02~2ka,孢粉浓度低,以孢子及木本植物花粉为主,进一步划分3个亚带,总体气候以温暖潮湿为主,微体古生物含量高,底栖有孔虫丰度远大于介形虫丰度,推测为海陆过渡相沉积环境;Ⅳ:2000~1000a,孢子含量最高,木本、草本植物花粉含量降低,气候较III阶段更湿润,微体古生物以介形虫为主,依据化石组合和数量,推测为海陆过渡相沉积环境。 相似文献
5.
南海北部秋季活体浮游有孔虫的组成与分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对2004年9月采自南海北部海区19个站位40个垂直浮游拖网样品中的活体浮游有孔虫进行了定量分析, 探讨了该区秋季现代有孔虫的组成、分布及其影响因素.研究表明, 该区秋季现代浮游有孔虫以热带暖水群落为主, 呈现出明显的区域变化.浮游有孔虫的丰度主要呈西北高、东南低的分布格局.浅层水种G. sacculifer和G. ruber的高含量主要出现在近岸带; N. dutertrei的高含量主要出现在外陆架和陆坡区域; G. menardii的高含量主要出现在深水区域; G. calida和G. aequilateralis两水种的含量分布有明显的相似性, 主要出现在深水区, 在越南岸外站位其含量远高出区域其他站位.研究认为, 南海北部秋季水体浮游有孔虫的分布主要受初级生产力和水深的共同制约, 高初级生产力水平下浮游有孔虫的丰度明显要高, 水深则对中深层水种G. menardii、G. calida和G. aequilateralis的分布有明显的制约作用.南海北部秋季温跃层的温盐结构对中层水种N. dutertrei、G. glutinata、G. calida和G. aequilateralis的分布有一定的影响.此外, 暖涡水体对浮游有孔虫的丰度和组成也有明显影响, 位于暖涡中心区的浮游有孔虫丰度明显增高, 特征属种G. sacculifer的含量明显高出周边站位.P. obliquiloculata的高含量主要出现在东北部黑潮分支影响区. 相似文献
6.
黄河三角洲潮坪在沉积过程中长期受各种物理化学环境因素的影响,而其中生物遗迹特征可以高精度高灵敏度地反映环境的变化。运用沉积学和遗迹学方法,全面系统地研究遗迹的分布、分异度、行为生态学、形态变化及扰动率等特征,分析其与三角洲潮坪沉积过程中受波浪和潮汐作用影响下物理化学因素之间的响应关系。结果表明：1）黄河三角洲潮坪沉积中生物遗迹的分异度、丰度与沉积物的粒度、沉积速率、水动力和总有机碳（TOC）含量分布基本一致,但盐度和浑浊度影响了生物遗迹分布的种类。造迹生物种类相同的情况下,盐度影响了生物的潜穴直径和扰动率,盐度相同的情况下,浑浊度影响生物潜穴的数量;2）潮上带生物遗迹分异度整体呈对称均衡分布,但在粉砂质底层区域和多条潮道的汇聚处,生物遗迹的丰度和分异度最高;3）潮间带整体生物遗迹分异度和丰度与粒度变化不大,但在TOC含量相对较高、水动力相对较弱、沉积速率低、盐度降低的几条潮道汇聚处,生物遗迹丰度和分异度达到最高;4）潮下带生物遗迹丰度和分异度整体呈对称均衡分布。该研究将补充、完善和修正已有的三角洲潮坪遗迹学和现代潮坪沉积学资料,并对高精度地解释、修正古潮坪环境起到一定的作用。 相似文献
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北戴河潮间带现代介形虫的分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
由北戴河潮间带的12个样品分析得到介形虫29属46种。由于具体的小生境,缺少淡水介形虫, 北戴河潮间带底栖动物丰富,介形虫组合的主要特征与胶州湾东北角小海湾及东、黄海潮间带和潮下带介形虫的组合相似。在风化、潮汐和波浪等作用下,潮间带介形虫的壳体表面受机械磨蚀和破坏保存不好,充分反映出其异地埋藏特点。 通过研究北戴河潮间带介形虫,为研究我国辽阔沿海地区潮间带和潮下带介形虫的组合特征、分布范围及地理分区提供了很有价值的资料,并对海洋地质学、古生态学及沉积相等的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文对南海北部陆坡SH7B孔底栖有孔虫群落结构组成及壳体氧碳同位素值变化特征进行研究,旨在了解该区晚中新世以来的中层水体演化历史。利用因子和聚类分析对该钻孔128个样品中的35个底栖有孔虫优势属种的相对百分含量数据进行统计分析,识别出4个组合:Globocassidulina subglobosa-Stilostomella spp.（Gs-St）,Chilostomella mediterranensis-Globobulimina spp. (Cm-Gl),Hoglundina elegans-Pyrgo spp. (He-Py),Melonis affinis-Pyrgo spp. (Ma-Py)。晚中新世晚期至上新世早期（5.8~2.8 Ma）相对高海平面温暖期,SH7B孔底栖有孔虫为相对稳定的Gs-St组合,反映了低到中等营养物质供给的低氧水体环境。其中5.8~3.79 Ma底栖有孔虫壳体碳同位素偏负和强烈的碳酸盐溶解现象在全球其他海区均有发现,指示当时南海北部陆坡底层水体低氧环境可能受到因全球大洋环流格局变化影响的太平洋偏腐蚀性的缺氧中层水体影响。3.79~2.8 Ma底栖有孔虫丰度和喜氧类表生种含量逐渐增加,指示水体流通性趋于增强,水体氧含量稍有增加。晚上新世2.4 Ma以来,底栖有孔虫组合与氧碳同位素值波动变化频繁,反映了中等到高表层输出生产力的富氧到缺氧中层水体环境,南海北部陆坡底栖有孔虫的分布主要受陆源有机质输入量的多寡和南海中深层水体的循环状况共同控制。 相似文献
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洞庭湖为我国第二大淡水湖,所在区域为研究我国全新世气候演化及全球变化的重要窗口,该区域全新世古气候研究薄弱,未见定量研究。对介形类现生种进行详细生态调查是利用其定量重建古气候的必要前提与基础。以洞庭湖介形类现生种为研究对象,分析其分布与生态特征。该湖介形类包括6属10种,比利时舍氏玻璃介(相似种) Schellencandona cf. belgica、克氏丽星介Cypria kraepelini、布氏土星介Ilyocypris bradyi、豆形豆形玻璃介Fabaeformiscandona fabaeformis、粗糙土星介Ilyocypris salebrosa、喙盲星介(相似种) Typhlocypris cf. rostrata、无偶斗星介Cypridopsis vidua及斗星介属(未定种) Cypridopsis sp.,其中C. sp.包含3个种。这些属种于洞庭湖系首次报道,于湖南省亦是首次。S. cf. belgica与T. cf. rostrata于我国报道均不多见,尤其是后者甚少。S. cf. belgica、I. bradyi及F. fabaeformis为优势种,分布广且丰度高; I. salebrosa分布样点较多,丰度偏低; C. kraepelini、T. cf.rostrata、C. vidua及C. sp.均出现频次不高或很低,只是前二者丰度较高,后二者丰度低。各属种生境参数差别不明显,总范围为水温20.33℃,p H值为7.34～8.60,溶氧量5.23～9.01 mg/L,电导率197～391μS/cm,水深1～8.4 m,主要分布于1～4 m。F. fabaeformis与C. kraepelini分布水深略大于前人认识,这可能与洞庭湖水体流动性较强有关,推测I. salebrosa为一浅水喜暖种。 相似文献
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对珠江三角洲西江河口附近PRD05孔（113°11′ 02″E,22°31′24″N）的岩性和介形类的高分辨率分析表明,受海平面变化和河流作用的影响,研究区晚第四纪经历了多次环境变化。26600\{a BP\}以前为河流环境,底部为河道沙砾沉积,随后水动力条件减弱,发育河漫滩沉积。26600—13400\{a BP\} 前期发育泛滥平原相沉积,后期受末次冰期的影响,本区暴露地表遭受风化剥蚀,泛滥平原相沉积的上部风化成杂色黏土。珠江口地区冰后期海侵应开始于约13400\{a BP\}。13400—9000\{a BP\}为海侵初期,本区形成沼泽相沉积。9000—4850\{a BP\}为全新世大海侵时期,本区为持续的河口海湾环境,发育以海相—半咸水型为主的介形类动物群,发生了3次小规模的海平面波动,导致水体条件发生变化,从而影响了介形类动物群的组成和丰度。最大海侵发生于7500—7140\{a BP\}之间,PRD05孔主要介形类属种的丰度在这一阶段达到全新世最大值。4850\{a BP\}以来为持续海退期,河流作用增强,本区逐渐转变为上三角洲平原环境。 相似文献
12.
新疆乌鲁木齐地区上石炭亚系祁家沟组地层出露较完整,沉积序列清晰,古生物化石丰富,但一直以来对祁家沟组的时代多有争论,且介形类研究薄弱。笔者在新疆乌鲁木齐地区祁家沟剖面上石炭亚系祁家沟组中鉴定出的介形类共计11属19种,并系统研究了这些介形类的组合面貌、地层分布,探讨了其古环境和古地理意义。结果表明: (1)根据介形类的组合面貌推断,祁家沟剖面祁家沟组的时代应为晚石炭亚纪莫斯科期—卡西莫夫期; (2)祁家沟组介形类生态类型属于古足目类和光滑速足目类的混合集群,符合构造活动区域的介形类OA1-OA3组合特征; (3)根据介形类的生态组合变化以及沉积学的证据,推断祁家沟剖面祁家沟组整体为滨、浅海沉积,存在海退序列; (4)祁家沟组介形类面貌与同时期的塔里木、准噶尔、中天山以及俄罗斯乌拉尔地区等产出的介形类最为相近,与北美、西欧和华北等板块的介形类也较为相似,表明晚石炭亚纪准噶尔、塔里木等块体聚集,并且距离劳俄大陆较近,所以其可与欧洲、北美板块的介形类进行属种交流。研究结果不仅进一步丰富了祁家沟组的化石材料,也对探索古亚洲洋演化特征和区域矿产开发具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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103 surface sediment samples in 71 water bodies,such as lakes with different salinity,swamps,shallow puddles and rivers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP),were collected to study the ecological distribution of living ostracods and their environmental implications. Total of 12 genus and 45 species living ostracods are identified. According to the frequencies and abundance of ostracods occurrence,Limnocythere dubiosa,Limnocytherellina kunlunensis,Ilyocypris bradyi,Candona candida,Eucypris rischtanica and Leucocythere dilatata are the common species on the QTP,with occurrence frequency of more than 8 and abundance of more than 570 in the 71 water bodies. Among them,L. dubiosa,occurring in 28 water bodies with 2177 shells,is the most widely distributed ostracod in this research. Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) indicates high correlation between species and environmental variables,suggesting that the occurrence of species is strongly related to the changes in ecological conditions of habitats. Among eight environmental factors,salinity and p H value are the most affective variables that influence the species occurrence. L. kunlunensis is positively correlated with salinity while E. rischtanica is negatively correlated with salinity. C. candida has a positive correlation with salinity,as does I. bradyi although there is not such a strong correlation. L. dubiosa displays a positive correlation with p H value. Consequently,we discuss the environmental implications of the common living ostracods on the QTP based on the CCA as well as the distribution of ostracod species in different salinity and p H values water. L. dubiosa,L. kunlunensis and E. rischtanica are euryhaline species,among which,L. dubiosa is the most adaptable species on the QTP with large occurrence in sundry salinity water and the most widely adaptive range for p H values. L. kunlunensis prefers to saline water while E. rischtanica prefers to fresh water. Both L. kunlunensis and E. rischtanica can live in water from faintly acid to alkaline,in contrast,L. dubiosa only appears in neutral and alkaline water bodies. I. bradyi only occurs in fresh water and oligohaline water with a large p H tolerance range tolerance range from weakly acidic water to alkaline water weakly acidic water to alkaline water. C. Candida lives in freshwater,with p H value above eight. The six common species reach maximum abundance in alkaline water(p H 8-10) except for Ilyocypris bradyi. 相似文献
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Samples were collected continuously and systematically from Beds 2 to 30 of the Meishan D section, and nearly 4,000 foraminiferal specimens were recognized. In total, 72 species (partially including undetermined species and conformis species) in 34 genera of foraminifers were identified. Twelve foraminiferal community zones were established from Beds 2 to 27 based on the abundance, dominance, diversity, and equitability of the foraminiferal fauna and a functional morphological analysis of the dominant and characteristic species. The habitat type indicated by each community zone and the sedimentary features were used to determine the paleo‐water depths and the relative changes in sea level. We generated curves of both the habitat type and the hydrodynamic conditions, which together indicate the relative changes in the paleo‐water depth and the substrate features in the studied area during the Changhsingian. This study discusses the possible relationship between the foraminiferal community zones and the sea‐level changes based on a statistical analysis of the foraminiferal community zones. 相似文献
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The investigation of the exposed middle Miocene strata from Wadi Sudr yielded well-preserved ostracod carapaces. Detailed taxonomic and paleontological studies led to the recognition of 36 ostracod species belonging to 25 genera, 4 species of them were considered new which fully described. Three assemblage biozones were recorded as follows: Actinocythereis spinosa–Actinocythereis hystrix zone, Chrysocythere cataphracta muricata-Cytheretta africana zone, and Disopontocypris schweijeri-Bythocypris tripolensis zone. The recorded biozones were calibrated with the previously studied middle Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biozones on the same samples and also correlated with the Miocene ostracod biozones from the neighboring countries. Our ostracod assemblages present in the lower and upper parts of the studied section (section II) indicated an inner neritic marine environment of moderate energy of currents and rapid sedimentation, while the assemblages in the middle part showed more deeper (outer neritic) environments with low energy of currents and low rate of sedimentation. The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the studied ostracods showed high affinity with the ostracod assemblages of the southern Mediterranean and moderate to low affinities with that of the northern and eastern Mediterranean respectively. The highly ornamented ostracod species with structures on the carapace were recorded from both Northern and Southern Mediterranean, while the smooth ones were found in the Southern Mediterranean only. The highly ornamented species are more widely distributed in both Southern and Northern Mediterranean than the smooth species. This may indicate that the ornamented species are more able to migrate than the smooth ones. 相似文献
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Temporal changes in benthic foraminiferal morpho-groups were suggested as an effective proxy to reconstruct past monsoon intensity from the Arabian Sea. Here, in order to test the applicability of temporal variation in morpho-groups to reconstruct past monsoon intensity from the Bay of Bengal, we have documented recent benthic foraminiferal distribution from the continental shelf region of the northwestern Bay of Bengal. Based on the external morphology, benthic foraminifera were categorized into rounded symmetrical (RSBF) and angular asymmetrical benthic foraminifera (AABF). Additionally, a few other dominant groups were also identified based on test composition (agglutinated, calcareous) and abundance (Asterorotalids and Nonions). The relative abundance of each group was compared with the ambient physico-chemical conditions, including dissolved oxygen, organic matter, salinity and temperature. We report that the RSBF are abundant in comparatively warm and well oxygenated waters of low salinity, suggesting a preference for high energy environment, whereas AABF dominate relatively cold, hypersaline deeper waters with low dissolved oxygen, indicating a low energy environment. The agglutinated foraminifera, Asterorotalids and Nonions dominate shallow water, low salinity regions, whereas the calcareous benthic foraminiferal abundance increases away from the riverine influx regions. Food availability, as estimated from organic carbon abundance in sediments, has comparatively less influence on faunal distribution in the northwestern Bay of Bengal, as compared to dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity. We conclude that the factors associated with freshwater influx affect the distribution of benthic foraminiferal morpho-groups in the northwestern Bay of Bengal and thus it can be used to reconstruct past monsoon intensity from the Bay of Bengal. 相似文献
17.
柴达木盆地察尔汗贝壳堤剖面记录了约39.7～17.514CkaB.P.期间古湖泊高湖面扩张、收缩的演化历史。剖面中丰富的介形类,皆为我国东部山间盆地～平原区系与西部高原区系常见种。依据青海地区现代介形类分布调查,可知研究剖面高湖面发育期为淡水湖,其中高分异度介形类组合代表近静水的浅湖环境,单种或近单种土星介大量出现层位指示缓流水环境,大量原生双壳类共生可能指示静水、较深水环境。据地层中介形类分布,自下而上划分为7个组合-沉积环境带,分别为:①少量湖沼种出现（积水洼地形成带）——湖泊前期,②单种缓流水种连续出现（湖泊初始形成带）——高湖面初始形成期,③高分异度组合、介形类富集（浅水大湖带）——高湖面水深加大期,④中分异度组合、介形类少量出现（深湖带）——高湖面最盛期,⑤中分异度组合、介形类少量出现、双壳类连续富集（湖泊变浅带）——高湖面略下降期,⑥缓流水介形类繁盛、双壳类多少不等（湖泊水位下降带）——古湖泊退缩期和⑦介形类稀少带——古湖泊快速消亡期。贝壳堤剖面所见双壳类在现代介形类调查区域没有发现,它们在地层中的出现,进一步指示大体相当MIS3阶段时期柴达木盆地比现代更温暖的气候背景,降水条件好于现代。 相似文献
18.
Analysis of sediment and aquatic vegetation samples collected along the Onkaparinga estuary, South Australia, revealed the distribution patterns of benthic and epi-benthic micro-organisms, specifically foraminifera and ostracods. The total assemblage provided an assemblage ‘snap shot,’ contemporaneous with the environmental conditions at the time of sampling, as well as seasonally and time-averaged distribution information. Species richness is low in the upper reaches of the estuary and favours species with a wide salinity tolerance. Observed species richness increases seawards. Species richness and abundance within species is greater where there is conspicuous aquatic vegetation. Thus, species richness and distribution appear to be related to the proximity to the sea and the provision of diverse habitable substrate. Foraminiferal species, Ammonia beccarii and Elphidium excavatum, and ostracods belonging to the genera Paracypria, Xestolebris and Leptocythere dominate the total assemblage. These species are characteristic of euryhaline conditions. The mutual maximum occurrences of Reophax barwonensis, Ammobaculites barwonensis and Trochammina inflata signify mid-estuarine conditions. In the lower regions of the estuary, the appearance of shallow marine species of foraminifera such as Elphidium crispum and Quinqueloculina poeyana, and ostracods Bairdoppilata sp., Hemicytherura spp. and Paranesidea spp. signifies interactions with the adjacent inner shelf coastal waters. Throughout the entire length of the estuary, the presence of vegetal substrate created a strong numerical bias towards live occurrences of the ostracods Paracypria sp. and Xestolebris cedunaensis. These species are potentially useful as proxies for paleoenvironmental interpretations of estuarine sediments. 相似文献
19.
Richard G. West Karen L. Knudsen David N. Penney Richard. C. Preece J. Eric Robinson 《第四纪科学杂志》1994,9(4):357-366
Assemblages of foraminifers, ostracods and molluscs from temperate Ipswichian Stage (last temperate stage) sediments and overlying cold Devensian Stage (last cold stage) sediments at Somersham in the southern Fenland of Cambridgeshire have been analysed. The Ipswichian sediments contain faunas consistent with temperate brackish water conditions under tidal influence. The Devensian assemblages were recovered from a series of sands and gravels laterally accreting in a channel cutting into Ipswichian sediments. In contrast to the Ipswichian faunas, the faunas of particular Devensian samples show a complex mixture of temperate freshwater, brackish and marine taxa. The molluscs are mainly freshwater, with few land snails; they occur together with foraminifers and ostracods. Freshwater, brackish water and marine ostracods are present with foraminifers. A sample of Devensian fine laminated sediment in the channel was analysed for pollen; only abundant pre-Quaternary spores were present, with abundant foraminifers in the same sample. The taphonomy of the assemblages and the difficulties of their interpretation in environmental terms are discussed. The importance of taphonomy in assessing environments, climate, range of taxa and dating is stressed. 相似文献