共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 135 毫秒
1.
不同温压下岩石弹性波速度、衰减及各向异性与组构的关系 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
结合岩石组构分析 ,阐述了岩石弹性波传播速度和衰减以及它们的各向异性与岩石组构之间的关系。在不同温压条件下对具有很强晶格优选方位的岩石样品的研究表明 ,随着围压的增加 ,波速和Q值均增大 ,但是在相互正交的 3个方向上 (垂直或平行于层理面及线理方向 )增大的速度并不相同 ,这与微裂隙的逐渐闭合密切相关。观测到的波速和Q值的各向异性具有不同的形成机理 ,波速各向异性主要与定向分布的微裂隙和主要矿物的晶格优选方位等构造因素有关 ;高围压下Q值各向异性与速度各向异性正好相反 ,可能是由于定向排列的矿物晶体沿不同方向其边界之间接触程度不同造成的。对岩石组构的研究不仅可以揭示岩体的变形机制、变形的动力学过程及其有关的热力学信息 ,还可以对宏观岩石的各种物理性质 ,尤其是力学特性 ,从微观机理上加以解释。文中特别强调了岩石组构分析对研究岩石物理性质的各向异性具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
2.
磁组构成分析是利用岩石磁化率各向异性研究构造变形特征及其应力作用方式和方向的方法,研究表明,中甲地区岩石各向异性度Ｐ值比较小,反映本区总体变形较弱,但变质石英砂岩相对变形较强。变质石英砂岩磁面理发育,磁线理较弱,显示压扁变形,变形主压应力方向是ＮＷ－ＳＥ向。火山（碎屑）岩具有明显的磁线理,反映流纹构造特征;最大磁化率轴方向屡示本区火山岩流体构造为ＮＷ－ＳＥ向。矿化蚀变岩和矿石的磁各向异性度Ｐ值明显 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
岩石的磁化率是各向异性的,作者对这一问题曾有专著论述。本文介绍了这一方法在苏南若干构造上的应用问题。所作岩石磁性组构初步结果反映了构造分布和相对动向的某些特点,证明该方法在岩石组构研究方面的重要性和适用性。 相似文献
8.
组构是指由岩石塑性变形导致多晶体的结晶学优势取向现象。组构的存在会增加岩石的各向异性,进而可能影响到岩石的后续变形。岩石组构包含了变形类型、运动学、变形环境、流变学特征等信息,因而成为显微构造学的重要内容。组构数值模拟是近年来得到重视的一种组构研究方法,它以晶体塑性理论为基础,利用计算机技术定量地模拟多晶岩石中组构的形成和演化。在晶体塑性理论中,晶体的塑性变形是由滑移系的剪切滑动导致的,由单晶塑性本构关系表征。多晶均匀化模型包括Sachs模型、Taylor模型、自洽模型和有限元模型,它们从不同角度描述了由单晶变形组成的多晶体变形。极图、反极图和取向分布函数被用来显示多晶体中各晶粒的空间取向。目前组构数值模拟在地学中的应用主要体现在各种单相和多相岩石的组构形成、重结晶作用下的组构形成、组构对地幔和地核地震波波速各向异性的影响等方面。 相似文献
9.
阿尔泰南缘东段变形岩石磁组构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
磁组构是指岩石磁化率的各向异性,磁组构方法已经被广泛应用于构造变形分析。阿尔泰南缘东段地区岩石磁组构特征是磁各向异性度P值大,反映本区总体韧性剪切变形强烈。萨尔布拉克—科克萨依脆性劈理化带和玛因鄂博韧性剪压构造带的E>0占优势,磁面理发育,部分样品磁线理发育,反映变形以压扁变形为主,主压应力方向为NE(NEE)向,伴随弱的左行剪切;达拉维孜—阿热勒托别韧性流变构造带和锡泊渡—富蕴深层次变晶糜棱岩带E>0和E<0均存在,磁面理和磁线理均发育,反映以剪切变形为主;其中达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带主压应力方向为NE(NEE)向,为左行剪切,而锡泊渡—富蕴构造带主压应力方向为SN向,为右行剪切。在达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带中的哈腊苏铜矿和卡拉先格尔—老山口一带一些叠加蚀变矿化的强变形岩石的P值明显减小,说明在韧性变形之后发生过矿化热液作用导致磁化率各向异性发生了均一化。结合区域构造分析,可以认为萨尔布拉克—科克萨依构造带、达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带和玛因鄂博构造带构成一个完整的板块碰撞聚合带,而锡泊渡—富蕴构造带可能为在古生代期间被强烈改造的具有前震旦纪结晶基底的微大陆的残留(或断片)。 相似文献
10.
地球动力学和地震学的桥梁——变形岩石组构与波速各向异性关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
上地幔岩石变形组构特征和地震波速各向异性关系的研究,是当代岩石圈动力学研究水平的一个重要标志。本文着重阐述七十年代以来,国外有关上地幔中地震波各向异性产生的原因;高温高压条件下上地幔岩石的Vp、Vs测定的新成果及其地球物理应用意义;岩石变形机制,变形组构特征和地震波速各向异性之间的内在联系。同时还指出,在我国重视和加速该前沿课题研究的必要性和重要意义。 相似文献
11.
沉积岩的一种各向异性模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
给出了沉积岩的一种各向异性模型。用一个各向异性参数描述这类材料的固有各向异性，各向异性参数和单轴抗压强度是一个分布函数，其分布用一个微结构张量和加载方向表示。建立了一个描述各向异性沉积岩变形过程的全塑性模型。用该模型对这一些三轴试验进行了模拟，结果表明该模型能有效地描述沉积岩的固有各向异性。 相似文献
12.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔100～2000m岩石热导率及其各向异性：对研究俯冲带热结构的启示 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：10
系统研究了中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔100～2000米岩石的热导率和生热率特征。初步研究了岩石热导率随矿物组成的变化关系、岩石热导率的各向异性及其影响因素。主孔2000米的岩心热导率介于1．873～4．062Wm^-1K^-1之间，平均热导率2．967Wm^-1K^-1。整体上热导率出现的频率主峰分布在2．8～3.0Wm^-1K^-1。榴辉岩热导率随着其退变质程度的增加而降低，新鲜榴辉岩热导率集中分布于3．6～3．7Wm^-1K^-1，角闪石化榴辉岩的热导率分布在3．1～3.2Wm^-1K^-1，强退变的榴辉岩热导率分布于2．4～2．5Wm^-1K^-1。片麻岩热导率主要分布于2．8～3.0Wm^-1K^-1。从垂向上看，主孔100～735米主要由榴辉岩组成，热导率整体比较大，平均3.265Wm^-1K^-1；1200～1600米主要以花岗质片麻岩为主，热导率比其它层位偏低，平均2．755Wm^-1K^-1。通过对面理发育的样品进行测试，东海地区各类岩石的热导率具有较明显的各向异性。榴辉岩和片麻岩热导率的各向异性平均值分别为4、66％和22．99％，超基性岩的热导率平均值为3．322Wm^-1K^-1，各向异性16．08％。岩石热导率在垂直于面理的方向上具有最小值，在平行于面理的方向上具有最大值。上述资料对超高压地体热结构特征的研究提供了重要数据基础。 相似文献
13.
The Peloritani Mountain Belt (north-eastern Sicily) represents the connection between the Southern Appenninic Range and the Appenninic Maghrebid Chain. The lithotypes outcropping in a 36 km long and approximately 8 km wide area in the eastern part of the Peloritani Mountains are considered to represent most properly the composition of the lower crust. We selected 7 representative samples of silicate rocks (amphibolite, paragneisses, augen gneiss, phyllitic quartzite, pegmatitic rock) and 3 samples of calcite rocks (calc-schist, marbles) for the petrophysical measurements. Measurements were done on sample cubes of dry rocks in a multi-anvil apparatus. Raising of pressure gives rise to velocity increase, but the rate is different in the silicate and calcite rocks and closely related to progressive closure of microcracks. Linear behaviour is approached above about 200 MPa. Increasing temperature at 600 MPa decreases velocities in most silicate and in the calcite rocks with almost linear slopes. Substantial anisotropy of P- and S-wave velocities and shear wave splitting is found in both rock types. The residual anisotropy observed above about 200 MPa is attributed to lattice preferred orientations (LPO) of major minerals. 3D velocity calculations for an amphibolite, a paragneiss and a marble sample based on the LPO of hornblende, biotite and calcite, respectively, confirm the experimental findings of a close relationship between velocity anisotropy, shear wave splitting, shear wave polarization, lattice preferred orientation and the structural frame of the rocks (foliation, lineation). In the silicate rocks, the intrinsic (600 MPa) average P-wave velocities and Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratios exhibit a tendency for a linear increase with densities, whereas the three calcite rocks cluster at markedly higher P-wave velocities and Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratios, compared to their densities. In the silicate rocks, there is also a linear trend for an inverse relationship between the SiO2 content, density and the Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratio, respectively. 相似文献
14.
在特定地质背景下,低熟气可以聚集成藏。由于沉积盆地的古环境、母质类型及有机质演化程度的不同,仅以低熟气源岩物理化学性质为侧重点的烃源岩评价方法很难对不同沉积盆地中的烃源岩的生烃潜力进行相对优劣排序。因此,为了快速有效评价低熟气源岩的生烃潜力,分析了w(TOC)、IH、w("A")等10个因素对气源岩生气能力的影响,建立有效低熟气源岩评价指标体系。并运用层次分析法和模糊数学,建立低熟气源岩生烃潜力评价模型。应用此模型对乌连戈伊气田进行了生烃潜力评价,评价结果表明:Achimov气藏、Bazhenov气藏、Vasyugan气藏、Pokur气藏烃源岩是低熟气源岩;Neocomian气藏和Tyumen气藏烃源岩介于低熟气源岩和常规气源岩之间;Tampey气藏烃源岩属于常规气源岩。这与Galimov所得结论是完全吻合的,说明模型的评价结果是可靠的,可以实现低熟气源岩的综合评价,值得推广应用。 相似文献
15.
16.
The progressive development of mylonitic fabrics in a series of Torridonian sandstones and shales has been studied along traverses across the Kishorn Nappe. The fabrics developed have been investigated using the following techniques.
- 1. 1. Optical examination of thin sections.
- 2. 2. Measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility.
- 3. 3. X-ray texture goniometry.
17.
Besides granites of the ilmenite series, in which the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is mainly controlled by paramagnetic minerals, the AMS of igneous rocks is commonly interpreted as the result of the shape-preferred orientation of unequant ferromagnetic grains. In a few instances, the anisotropy due to the distribution of ferromagnetic grains, irrespective of their shape, has also been proposed as an important AMS source. Former analytical models that consider infinite geometry of identical and uniformly magnetized and coaxial particles confirm that shape fabric may be overcome by dipolar contributions if neighboring grains are close enough to each other to magnetically interact. On these bases we present and experimentally validate a two-grain macroscopic numerical model in which each grain carries its own magnetic anisotropy, volume, orientation and location in space. Compared with analytical predictions and available experiments, our results allow to list and quantify the factors that affect the effects of magnetic interactions. In particular, we discuss the effects of (i) the infinite geometry used in the analytical models, (ii) the intrinsic shape anisotropy of the grains, (iii) the relative orientation in space of the grains, and (iv) the spatial distribution of grains with a particular focus on the inter-grain distance distribution. Using documented case studies, these findings are summarized and discussed in the framework of the generalized total AMS tensor recently introduced by Cañon-Tapia (Cañon-Tapia, E., 2001. Factors affecting the relative importance of shape and distribution anisotropy in rocks: theory and experiments. Tectonophysics, 340, 117–131.). The most important result of our work is that analytical models far overestimate the role of magnetic interaction in rock fabric quantification. Considering natural rocks as an assemblage of interacting and non-interacting grains, and that the effects of interaction are reduced by (i) the finite geometry of the interacting clusters, (ii) the relative orientation between interacting grains, (iii) their heterogeneity in orientation, shape and bulk susceptibility, and (iv) their inter-distance distribution, we reconcile analytical models and experiments with real case studies that minimize the role of magnetic interaction onto the measured AMS. Limitations of our results are discussed and guidelines are provided for the use of AMS in geological interpretation of igneous rock fabrics where magnetic interactions are likely to occur. 相似文献
18.
一种计算岩石中矿物组成的新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍根据显微下观察,应用岩石化学全分析结果和分子量计算法计算岩石中矿物组成的新方法。所得各种矿物的组成是整块岩石在三维立体体积中各种矿物的质量分数,比目前沿用的目测一个岩石切面上各种矿物的面积百分比法更准确,比CIPW标准矿物分子法更符合岩石样品组合的实际情况,而且可用于含云母族、绿泥石族和铀矿物等蚀变矿化的花岗岩及沉积岩、变质岩的矿物组成计算。 相似文献
19.
岩石的磁性组构及其在岩石变形分析中的应用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
文本总结了对采自巴彦乌拉山韧性剪切带的部分标本进行岩石组构数据测定的分析结果,并将其与用常规应变分析方法所得结果予以比较,表明了岩石磁化率各向异性椭球体能够反映总的应变椭球体,证明岩石磁化率各向异性技术做为一种岩石组构因素的研究是有发展前景的。岩石磁性组构资料可应用于变形岩石的应变分析,特别是在通常的岩石组构分析技术太费时间和粗糙的情况下更显示了其优越性。 相似文献
20.
Cracks play a major role in most rocks submitted to crustal conditions. Mechanically, cracks make the rock much more compliant. They also make it much easier for fluid to flow through any rock body. Relying on Fracture Mechanics and Statistical Physics, we introduce a few key concepts, which allow to understand and quantify how cracks do modify both the elastic and transport properties of rocks. The main different schemes, which can be used to derive the elastic effective moduli of a rock, are presented. It is shown from experimental results that an excellent approximation is the so-called non-interactive scheme. The main consequences of the existence of cracks on the elastic waves is the development of elastic anisotropy (due to the anisotropic distribution of crack orientations) and the dispersion effect (due to microscopic local fluid flow). At a larger scale, macroscopic fluid flow takes place through the crack network above the percolation threshold. Two macroscopic fluid flow regimes can be distinguished: the percolative regime close to the percolation threshold and the connected regime well above it. Experimental data on very different rock types show both of these behaviors. 相似文献