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1.
地球系统空间观测:从科学卫星到月基平台 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
五十多年来,全球性对地观测已形成强大的技术能力和系统体系,在不同应用领域发挥了重要作用。随着对陆地、大气、海洋研究的深入,地球系统科学和全球变化研究正在向空间对地观测技术提出新的重大战略性需求。本文描述了面向全球变化应对、发展全球变化系列科学卫星的方案;提出面向宏观地球科学现象探测、构建月基对地观测系统的设想;同时,作为宏观地球科学现象研究的一个方向,论述了利用地球科学卫星和月基对地观测技术开展全球变化"三极"对比研究的思路。 相似文献
2.
Small satellites for global coverage: Potential and limits 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rainer Sandau Klaus Brieß Marco D&#x;Errico 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(6):492-504
There is an increasing need for Earth Observation (EO) missions to meet the information requirements in connection with Global Change Studies. Small and cost-effective missions are powerful tools to flexibly react to information requirements with space-borne solutions. Small satellite missions can be conducted relatively quickly and inexpensively by using commercial off-the-shelf-technologies, or they can be enhanced by using advanced technologies. A new class of advanced small satellites, including autonomously operating “intelligent” satellites may be created, opening new fields of application. The increasing number of small satellites and their applications drive developments in the fields of small launchers, small ground station networks, cost-effective data distribution methods, and cost-effective management and quality assurance procedures. There are many advantages of small satellite missions, like more frequent mission opportunities, a faster return of data, larger variety of missions, more rapid expansion of the technical and/or scientific knowledge base, greater involvement of small industry, feasibility by universities and others.This paper deals with general trends in the field of small satellite missions for Earth observation. Special attention is given to the potential of spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of small satellite based systems. Examples show small satellites offer also the unique possibility to install affordable constellations to provide good daily coverage of the globe and/or allow us to observe dynamic phenomena.The facts and examples given in this paper lead to the conclusion: Small satellites are already powerful tools for monitoring global, regional and local phenomena. In the future, their application spectrum will even broaden based on the ongoing development in many areas of technology and observation techniques. 相似文献
3.
遥感与中国可持续发展:机遇和挑战 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国要实现可持续发展,必须积极应对资源短缺、环境恶化、海洋开发和气候变化等一系列重大资源环境问题;随着全球经济发展一体化进程加快,中国必须以全球视角研究和解决面临的资源环境问题。遥感在地球科学、环境科学、资源科学与全球变化研究中具有宏观动态的优点,是不可替代的全球观测手段,是实施可持续发展战略的基础性技术支撑。本文回顾了遥感科学技术进步的历程,总结了国际上围绕可持续发展所开展的全球遥感科学计划,分析了中国遥感现状和服务于可持续发展的前景,并结合国际上地球综合观测系统的发展态势,提出了中国遥感科学技术发展面临的挑战和机遇,进一步阐述了遥感发展面临的建立地球综合观测系统之系统、高精度遥感模型与参数反演、遥感产品真实性检验与遥感性能判据及测试系统、遥感数据与地球系统模式同化、遥感大数据与主动服务等前沿科学与技术问题。最后指出遥感要更好地服务于社会可持续发展,服务于国家的全球战略,服务于国民经济建设;必须创新遥感应用服务模式,加快遥感产业化和商业化进程;建议推进卫星观测系统的商业化,加快无人机遥感发展,促进遥感应用市场化。 相似文献
4.
Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan William L. Crosson Sigrid A. Economou Maurice G. Estes Jr Sue M. Estes Sarah N. Hemmings 《国际地球制图》2014,29(1):85-98
We describe a remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based study that has three objectives: (1) characterize fine particulate matter (PM2.5), insolation and land surface temperature (LST) using NASA satellite observations, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ground-level monitor data and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) data products on a national scale; (2) link these data with public health data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) national cohort study to determine whether these environmental risk factors are related to cognitive decline, stroke and other health outcomes and (3) disseminate the environmental datasets and public health linkage analyses to end users for decision-making through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) system. This study directly addresses a public health focus of the NASA Applied Sciences Program, utilization of Earth Sciences products, by addressing issues of environmental health to enhance public health decision-making. 相似文献
5.
雷达遥感六十年：四个阶段的发展 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
雷达遥感问世60年来已经历了4个阶段的发展,其在对地观测中的作用正日益凸显,已经广泛应用于不同领域。4个阶段分别是单波段单极化阶段,多波段多极化阶段,极化和干涉阶段,以及以双/多站或星座、高时序高分宽幅、3维成像为代表的新阶段。本文结合作者长期在雷达遥感领域的研究经历,总结和回顾了雷达遥感的阶段发展和具有里程碑式的代表性技术;从观测技术、数据处理和应用角度阐述了新阶段雷达遥感的发展趋势,以及雷达遥感与人工智能和大数据结合的思考;最后着眼未来,介绍了月基雷达对地观测平台的前瞻性研究。 相似文献
6.
K. Ya. Kondrat'yev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):244-259
A senior Russian remote sensing specialist describes plans for the development of the Earth Observation System (EOS), providing interesting insights into Russian interest and expertise in satellite-based global monitoring of the environment. The system of scientific instrumentation developed for earth resource monitoring satellites and stages in the implementation of an observation program system are described. Changes in the implementation of the program, reflecting new priorities brought about by budgetary constraints, also are considered. 相似文献
7.
Landsat系列卫星对地观测40年回顾及LDCM前瞻 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Landsat系列卫星数据凭借其长期连续、全球覆盖、适中的时间空间分辨率和科学的数据存档与分发策略等优势,逐渐成为地表特征和地球系统科学研究中最有效的遥感数据之一,并广泛应用于生态环境、农林地矿、能源资源、教育科研和政府管理等领域。而第8代陆地卫星--陆地卫星数据连续任务卫星(LDCM)于2013年2月发射升空,该卫星携带了运行性陆地成像仪(OLI)和热红外传感器(TIRS)两种传感器。与Landsat 7/ETM+相比,OLI/TIRS在波段设置、辐射分辨性能和扫描方式上都得到很大改进,其中OLI共包括9个波段,新增海岸带(coastal)监测和卷云(cirrus)识别波段,TIRS则设置了两个热红外波段。如果LDCM能够成功升空运行,它将继续承担起长期连续对地观测的使命。 相似文献
8.
Global geospatial data from Earth observation: status and issues 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACTData covering the whole of the surface of the Earth in a homogeneous and reliable manner has been accumulating over many years. This type of data became available from meteorological satellites from the 1960s and from Earth-observing satellites at a small scale from the early 1970s but has gradually accumulated at larger scales up to the present day when we now have data covering many environmental themes at large scales. These data have been used to generate information which is presented in the form of global data sets. This paper will give a brief introduction to the development of Earth observation and to the organisations and sensors which collect data and produce global geospatial data sets. Means of accessing global data sets will set out the types of data available that will be covered. Digital elevation models are discussed in a separate section because of their importance in georeferencing image data as well as their application to analysis of thematic data. The paper will also examine issues of availability, accuracy, validation and reliability and will look at future challenges. 相似文献
9.
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century,several countries have made great efforts to develop space remote sensing for building a high-resolution earth observation system.Under the great attention of the government and the guidance of the major scientific and techno-logical project of the high-resolution earth observation system,China has made continuous breakthroughs and progress in high-resolution remote sensing imaging technology.The development of domestic high-resolution remote sensing satellites shows a vigorous trend,and consequently,a relatively stable and perfect high-resolution earth observation system has been formed.The development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites has greatly pro-moted and enriched modern mapping technologies and methods.In this paper,the develop-ment status,along with mapping modes and applications of China's high-resolution remote sensing satellites are reviewed,and the development trend in high-resolution earth observa-tion system for global and ground control-free mapping is discussed,providing a reference for the subsequent development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites in China. 相似文献
10.
The launching of CBERS-01 (China Brazil Earth Resource Satellite) in 1999, China’s first land observation satellite, signifies an unprecedented milestone in Chinese satellite remote sensing history. Since then, a large number of applications have been developed that drew upon solely CBERS-01 and other Chinese land observation satellites. The application development evolves from one satellite to multiple satellites, from one series of satellites to multiple series, from scientific research to industrial applications. Six aspects of the Chinese land observation satellite program are discussed in this paper: development status, data sharing and distribution, satellite calibration, industrial data applications, future prospects, and conclusion. 相似文献
11.
Huadong Guo 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(6):546-557
Although Earth’s surface parameters obtained from satellite data have become more and more precise, it is still difficult to guarantee temporal consistency and spatial continuity for large-scale geoscience phenomena. Developing new Earth observation platforms is a feasible way to improve the consistency and continuity of such data. As the planet’s only natural satellite, the Moon has special advantages as a platform for observing Earth, including long lifetime, whole disk view, tectonic stability and unique perspective. After presenting the observation geometry constructed by using the ephemeris, this paper mainly discusses the characteristics of a lunar platform and the proper Moon-based sensors, as well as the scientific objectives of Moon-based Earth observation. Solid Earth dynamics, the energy budget of Earth, Earth’s environmental elements and the Earth-space environment are four potential applications analysed in this paper. 相似文献
12.
抓好地球空间信息的数据源--大力发展我国的高分辨率卫星对地观测事业 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着改革开放25年的建设,中国已沿着信息化带动工业发展的道路健康向前发展。在我国已成功实现载人飞船上天,将要开展卫星探月的同时,更加有必要大力发展我国独立自主的卫星对地观测事业,并使之成为国家经济建设、国家安全和社会可持续发展的有力保障,形成推动国民经济发展的强大产业链。文章从抓好地球空间信息的数据源这一角度来分析大力发展我国对地观测卫星及使之产业化的必要性,在分析现在存在的主要问题基础上,对今后我国的卫星对地观测事业提出了若干建设性建议。 相似文献
13.
Integrating data on health outcomes with methods of disease mapping and spatially explicit models of environmental contaminants are important aspects of environmental health surveillance. In this article, we describe a modular, web‐based spatial analysis system that uses GIS, spatial analysis methods and software services delivered over computer networks to achieve this end. The Environmental Health Surveillance System (EHSS) is a prototype system that is designed to serve three purposes: a secure environment for producing maps of disease outcomes from individual‐level data while preserving privacy; an automated process of linking environmental data, environmental models, and GIS tasks like geocoding for the purposes of estimating individual exposures to environmental contaminants; and mechanisms to visualize the spatial patterns of disease outcomes via Web‐based mapping interfaces and interactive tools like Google Earth. 相似文献
14.
Lucia Plank Andreas Hellerschmied Jamie McCallum Johannes Böhm Jim Lovell 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):867-880
The possibility of observing satellites with the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique has been discussed for several years in the geodetic community, with observations of either existing satellites of the global navigation satellite systems or of satellites dedicated to realise a space tie. Such observations were carried out using the Australian telescopes in Hobart and Ceduna which, for the first time, integrated all the necessary steps: planning the observations (automated scheduling), correlation of the data and the generation of a series of time delay observables suitable for a subsequent geodetic analysis. We report on the development of new and the adaptation of existing routines for observing and data processing, focusing on technology development. The aim was to use methods that are routinely used in geodetic VLBI. A series of test experiments of up to six hours duration was performed, allowing to improve the observations from session to session and revealing new problems still to be solved. The newly developed procedures and programs now enable more observations. Further development assumed, this bears the prospect of being directly applied to the observation of dedicated space-tie satellites. 相似文献
15.
21世纪以来,高分辨率对地观测卫星快速发展,对地观测系统由最初的单星模式发展为现在的轻小型卫星组建星座,实现了全天时、全天候、全方位的对地精细化观测。未来将对地观测卫星星座与通信卫星、导航卫星和飞机等空间节点通过动态组网,建立天基空间信息网络,以实现智能化空天信息的实时服务。为了进一步增强系统的智能化水平,提高系统感知、认知能力和应急响应能力,本文提出未来空间信息网络环境下对地观测脑（earth observation brain,EOB）的概念,对地观测脑是基于事件感知的智能化对地观测系统。详细介绍了对地观测脑的概念模型及需要解决的关键技术,举例说明了对地观测脑初级阶段的感知、认知过程。将来对地观测脑可以回答何时（when）、何地（where）、何目标（what object）发生了何种变化（what change）,并在规定的时间（right time）和地点（right place）把这些正确的信息（right information）推送给需要的人（right people）的手机或其他智能终端,全球用户可实时获得所需的任何数据、信息和知识。 相似文献
16.
“中国高分”科技重大专项在对地观测发展历程中的阶段研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统梳理1998年民用航天管理机构调整,特别是2005年天地一体化结构调整实施以及国家科技重大专项高分辨率对地观测系统(下称高分专项)从2007年开始论证到实施至今10余年发展历程,揭示行业发展基本规律,首次将中国民用遥感行业发展划分为4个阶段,阐述了每个阶段主要特征、面临的问题以及创新管理实践;首次将高分专项十年历程明确为一个发展阶段,提出本行业未来发展要在高分专项阶段成果基础上,推动遥感行业继"由试验应用型向业务服务型转变"成功后,向"体系效能型"转变,再次引领和推动中国对地观测新体系建设。 相似文献
17.
Starting from the analytical theory of perturbed␣circular motions presented in Celestial Mechanics (Bois 1994) and from specific
extended formulations of the perturbations in a uniformly rotating plane of constant inclination, this paper presents an extended
formulation of the solution. The actual gain made through this extension is the establishment of a first-order predictive
theory written in spherical coordinates and thus free of singularities, whose perturbations are directly expressed in the
local orbital frame generally used in satellite geodesy. This new formulation improves the generality, the precision and the
field of applications of the theory. It is particularly devoted to the analysis of satellite position perturbations for satellites
in low eccentricity orbits usually used for many Earth observation applications. An application to the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P)
orbit is performed. In particular, contour maps are provided which show the geographical location of orbit differences coming
from geopotential coefficient differences of two recent gravity field models. Comparison of predicted radial and along-track
orbit differences with respect to numerical results provided by the French group (CNES, in Toulouse) in charge of the T/P
orbit are convincing.
Received 22 January 1996; Accepted 19 September 1996 相似文献
18.
建设国家对地观测体系,构筑"数字地球" 总被引：36，自引：2，他引：34
论述了“数字地球”的特征与重要意义,指出对地观测是“数字地球”的核心内容之一。建议中国不失时机地组织建设国家对地观测体系。该体系可在信息获取、处理与应用３个层面上构建,并提出近期中国对地观测应优先发展的领域,以持续地为“数字地球”发展作贡献 相似文献
19.
高精度的电离层模型对于提高导航卫星系统的定位精度具有重要意义。低轨卫星的快速发展为建立高精度的电离层模型提供了新的契机。基于仿真数据模拟获得2017年1月1日—30日LEO(low earth orbit)和GNSS(global navigation satellite system)卫星观测数据,星座类型包括60、96、192和288颗卫星,以非洲区域为例,利用该数据研究GNSS和LEO卫星穿刺点的覆盖情况和联合建模精度。结果表明:加入LEO卫星后,穿刺点分布改善明显,能够大幅度提高穿刺点密度;单颗低轨卫星穿刺点的范围比GNSS卫星大,LEO卫星的高度角和方位角变化明显;随着低轨卫星数量的增加,融合建模的精度也随之提高;在12:00时东经30°不同纬度范围内,单GNSS建模和GNSS+288 LEO建模差值最大为-1.6 TECU(total electron content unit);随着建模时长的增加,融合建模结果和单GNSS结果差值逐渐变小。 相似文献
20.
航天对地观测已经成为全球对地观测的主要手段。本文简单梳理了国际上现有大地测量类对地观测卫星的概况,侧重分析了我国地形测量类对地观测卫星的贡献和存在的问题,未来对地观测卫星的发展趋势,载荷集成型综合测绘卫星发展的可能性及其面临的主要技术瓶颈。总体认为集成型测绘卫星尽管单星观测效率高,但是整体观测效益不高;分析了微小卫星密集组网型对地观测的可能性及其相应的关键技术,包括载荷模块化设计、卫星小型化设计、卫星最佳组网技术、数据传输技术、卫星在轨弹性调配技术和星上数据快速处理技术等;对未来智能卫星对地观测进行了展望,提出了相应的关键技术,包括星上观测智能识别技术、星间智能传输与星地智能传输技术、星上和地面智能数据处理技术等。此外,卫星的智能避障、运载火箭落点的智能跟踪和智能控制也是航天对地观测需要考虑的发展方向。 相似文献