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1.
Abstract

China will, as a component of ‘Digital Earth,’ establish a Geomatics Informatization Technology System (GITS) which is characterized by real-time acquisition, automatic processing, networking service, and socialized application with fundamental geographical information. The basic composition of GITS is proposed. GITS covers four layers and six platforms. The four layers are data acquisition, processing, management, and application and services. The six platforms are informatic geodetic datum, high-precision geo-spatial data acquisition, automatic geo-spatial data processing, grid-based geo-spatial information management, comprehensive geo-spatial information sharing and service, and geo-spatial information integration and application. The informatic geodetic datum platform provides a carrier for all the four layers and a base for the other five platforms. The high-precision geo-spatial data acquisition platform belongs to the acquisition layer. The automatic geo-spatial data processing platform belongs to the processing layer. The grid-based geo-spatial information management platform belongs to the management layer and is a bridge connecting geo-spatial data acquisition and spatial information sharing service and integrated applications. The comprehensive geo-spatial information sharing and service platform belongs to the application and service layer. Finally, this paper presents thoughts for constructing GITS.  相似文献   

2.
This paper describes the application of high‐resolution SPOT data for the structural and thematic mapping of shallow coral reefs. Results are presented as structural and thematic maps of the main reef environment types. Different substrate themes including soft bottom, coral débris, coral rubble, and living coral have been identified. The separation of various living coral themes, as measured by differences in areal coral density, has also been achieved.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

The impact of animals upon the landscape, through such actions as trampling, feeding, burrowing, mounding, and dam building, is a topic of interest in university geography classrooms. However, the relatively fine‐scale nature of most such impacts precludes its examination via remote sensing. Nevertheless, remote sensing of many types of animal impact is possible, and in this paper I illustrate several such examples, primarily drawn from free‐access sites on the World Wide Web, using a variety of remote sensing platforms. Instructors of physical geography or resource/land use management courses can thus introduce a variety of remote sensing concepts and imagery types in their classrooms while at the same time examining the role of animals on the landscape.  相似文献   

4.
珊瑚礁遥感研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
珊瑚礁是生物多样性和初级生产力最高的海洋生态系统之一,对人类社会与海洋生态环境的健康和可持续发展有重要作用,而珊瑚礁又是中国南海主要的国土类型,国家因此越来越重视对南海珊瑚礁的规划、管理、建设与保护。珊瑚礁的调查与探测则是进行珊瑚礁活动的基础与依据,而遥感则在珊瑚礁的大范围探测方面具有很大的潜力,所以国内外已经存在很多利用遥感对珊瑚礁进行调查与探测的研究与应用。本文将按照被动遥感和主动遥感的顺序,客观地阐述国内外珊瑚礁遥感研究与应用的进展,探讨珊瑚礁遥感研究与应用的发展趋势,并尝试总结中国珊瑚礁遥感的机遇和挑战。其中被动遥感包括珊瑚礁地形与水深的遥感、珊瑚礁底质与地貌的遥感、珊瑚礁岸线变化与稳定性的遥感以及珊瑚礁环境的遥感等,而主动遥感则包括珊瑚礁水深的机载激光雷达遥感、珊瑚礁地貌的船载声学遥感和珊瑚礁地形的星载微波遥感等。结果发现,国内珊瑚礁遥感研究与应用的整体水平落后于国外:虽然在部分数据处理方面具有比国外更先进的技术,但相应的应用基础研究仍然达不到国外的广度与深度。因此,国内的珊瑚礁遥感研究仍需要鼓励珊瑚礁学者更多的参与与合作,以便在硬件设备和数据处理等方面加强针对珊瑚礁遥感的研究,进而融合多种手段而实现珊瑚礁遥感的工程化应用。  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

A 3D forest monitoring system, called FORSAT (a satellite very high resolution image processing platform for forest assessment), was developed for the extraction of 3D geometric forest information from very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery and the automatic 3D change detection. FORSAT is composed of two complementary tasks: (1) the geometric and radiometric processing of satellite optical imagery and digital surface model (DSM) reconstruction by using a precise and robust image matching approach specially designed for VHR satellite imagery, (2) 3D surface comparison for change detection. It allows the users to import DSMs, align them using an advanced 3D surface matching approach and calculate the 3D differences and volume changes (together with precision values) between epochs. FORSAT is a single source and flexible forest information solution, allowing expert and non-expert remote sensing users to monitor forests in three and four (time) dimensions. The geometric resolution and thematic content of VHR optical imagery are sufficient for many forest information needs such as deforestation, clear-cut and fire severity mapping. The capacity and benefits of FORSAT, as a forest information system contributing to the sustainable forest management, have been tested and validated in case studies located in Austria, Switzerland and Spain.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Remotely sensed imagery from space-borne platforms is a valuable tool for illustrating the spatial scale and temporal changes associated with a variety of natural hazards. Imagery in numerous formats is freely available from US government websites. This article illustrates the use of such imagery as a pedagogic tool in a university-level Natural Hazards class. Illustrated examples include such hazards as volcanic eruptions, forest fires, dust storms, and hurricanes.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

Remote sensing is a powerful and accurate means of collecting data for wildlife management, particularly for large areas which are difficult of access and feature delicate ecosystems.

Giant panda habitat in the People's Republic of China was evaluated by visual interpretation of multitemporal LANDSAT MSS images. The resulting map, combined with ground survey data, provides important information upon which management decisions can be planned.

This case study illustrates that remote sensing techniques can make a significant contribution to the management programme for the conservation of a threatened animal species.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Hydrology and Water Management are key areas of applied science in the current world economy. Increasingly hydrologiste are looking to satellite remote sensing to help meet their needs for near real‐time data to measure, monitor and model water in the environment. However, progress has been hindered by the lack of a dedicated series of hydro‐logical satellites.

The paper summarises studies undertaken on an international basis in order to influence satellite, sensor and ground segment design operations to suit the needs of water management.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

The alphabet is the best tool that humankind has for storing thoughts, ideas and instructions until they can be employed, acted upon or communicated to others. This paper presents a necessarily brief and selective summary of the development of the alphabet in Europe from pre-Christian days to the digital/laser technology in use today.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

The digital transformation taking place in all areas of life has led to a massive increase in digital data – in particular, related to the places where and the ways how we live. To facilitate an exploration of the new opportunities arising from this development the Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform (U-TEP) has been set-up. This enabling instrument represents a virtual environment that combines open access to multi-source data repositories with dedicated data processing, analysis and visualisation functionalities. Moreover, it includes mechanisms for the development and sharing of technology and knowledge. After an introduction of the underlying methodical concept, this paper introduces four selected use cases that were carried out on the basis of U-TEP: two technology-driven applications implemented by users from the remote sensing and software engineering community (generation of cloud-free mosaics, processing of drone data) and two examples related to concrete use scenarios defined by planners and decision makers (data analytics related to global urbanization, monitoring of regional land-use dynamics). The experiences from U-TEP’s pre-operations phase show that the system can effectively support the derivation of new data, facts and empirical evidence that helps scientists and decision-makers to implement improved strategies for sustainable urban development.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

Novel sensor technologies are rapidly emerging. They enable a monitoring and modelling of our environment in a level of detail that was not possible a few years ago. However, while the raw data produced by these sensors are useful to get a first overview, it usually needs to be post-processed and integrated with other data or models in different applications. In this paper, we present an approach for integrating several geoprocessing components in the TaMIS water dam monitoring system developed with the Wupperverband, a regional waterbody authority in Germany. The approach relies upon the OGC Web Processing Service and is tightly coupled with Sensor Observation Service instances running at the Wupperverband. Besides implementing the standardized XML-based interface, lightweight REST APIs have been developed to ease the integration with thin Web clients and other Web-based components. Using this standards-based approach, new processing facilities can be easily integrated and coupled with different observation data sources.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The production of large series of maps at many different scales, for both official and private use, constitutes a major task in production control. This is examined in relation to the Divisions primarily involved; Large Scales, Small Scales; and Publication. Each Division has a Control Section which deals wiih the planning of flow lines, programme integration, and product supervision. These Sections are placed between management and production, and play an important role in providing the information needed for management decisions and applying such decisions to actual production.

The paper was given at the Symposium of the British Cartographic Society, Newcastle upon Tyne, September 1967.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Digital Earth essentially consists of 3D and moreD models and attached semantic information (attributes). Techniques for generating such models efficiently are required very urgently. Reality-based 3D modelling using images as prime data source plays an important role in this context. Images contain a wealth of information that can be advantageously used for model generation. Images are increasingly available from satellite, aerial and terrestrial platforms. This contribution briefly describes some of the problems which we encounter if the process of model generation is to be automatised. With the help of some examples from Digital Terrain Model generation, Cultural Heritage and 3D city modelling we show briefly what can be achieved. Special attention is directed towards the use of model helicopters for image data acquisition. Some problems with interactive visualisation are discussed. Also, issues surrounding R&D, professional practice and education are also addressed.  相似文献   

14.
珊瑚礁对于海洋生态环境研究具有重要意义,通过分析珊瑚礁底栖物质的分布及健康状况,可以对珊瑚礁生态环境进行评估。本文提出了一种基于面向对象的图像分类方法,通过试验确定不同地貌的最优分割尺度,其中陆地和深海的最优分割尺度为150,各类底栖物质的最优分割尺度为30。以Sentinel-2A卫星遥感影像为例,提取海南三亚珊瑚礁自然保护区的珊瑚礁底栖物质,并使用混淆矩阵对提取结果进行精度评估。结果表明,底栖物质提取总体分类精度为87.91%,Kappa系数为0.83。面向对象分类方法可有效结合珊瑚礁底栖物质的纹理特征和光谱特征,并充分利用遥感影像不同波段的组合特性,可为三亚珊瑚礁保护管理提供方法支撑。  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

A new five-colour map of Aberlady Bay Local Nature Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest at 1:7,500 scale is published as a loose insert with the June 1993 issue of The Cartographic Journal. This accompanying paper describes the problems of producing the map at minimal cost, considers some of the cartographic issues particular to the site, and provides specification details of the compilation.

Such individual map sheets, which are used for environmental planning, research and teaching, have in the past been produced mainly by universities with the support of conservancy and countryside agencies. Future production costs at universities will inevitably rise although some economies may be possible by the use of digital database methods of cartography.  相似文献   

16.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):300-307
Abstract

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The use of soundscapes on digital maps in order to enrich our experience of the map use has been recognized as a part of other multimedia components in several previous research projects. The study described in this paper was conducted as part of ongoing research projects aiming to develop mobile and web applications for outdoor activities. The research describes the aims of finding new kinds of ways of communicating spatial information, even to those who are visually impaired, and, in general, to provide map users with a profounder use experience. The paper reviews previous studies and describes the sonic map implementations accomplished to date. The implementation examples presented cover a hiking use case in a national park. Sonic maps can help the users to plan their hike in advance and further provide those who are not able to visit the park with a multimodal experience of the atmosphere. Finally, conclusions are given and possible improvements for the future are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

Making and sharing maps is easier than ever, and social media platforms make it possible for maps to rapidly attain widespread visibility and engagement. Such maps can be considered examples of viral cartography – maps that reach rapid popularity via social media dissemination. In this research we propose a framework for evaluating the design and social dissemination characteristics of viral maps. We apply this framework in two case studies using maps that reached wide audiences on Twitter. We then analyze collections of maps derived from and inspired by viral maps using image analysis and machine learning to characterize their design elements. Based on our initial work to conceptualize and analyze virality in cartography, we propose a set of new research challenges to better understand viral mapmaking and leverage its social affordances.  相似文献   

18.
Digital processing of Landsat images has been considered the most appropriate interpretation method for vegetation mapping. However, digital processing presents several difficulties: (i) it demands significant inversions, with respect both the images and the equipment; (ii) it presents problems to discriminate heterogeneous categories, and (iii) it requires much more training effort.

Visual analysis, on the other hand, is less demanding both in economic investments and training. Therefore, it is a fruitful alternative to digital mapping, especially when it is applied to small and medium scale inventories. A consistent methodology for visual interpretation of vegetation categories is presented in this paper. Benefits and disadvantages of this procedure are analyzed, as well as keys‐for visual identification of land cover categories. A TM Quarter of scene on Central Spain is presented as an example of this method. Two false‐color images from different seasons were interpreted at 1: 250,000 scale. Fourteen land cover categories were identified, yielding 83.03% of final accuracy.  相似文献   

19.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):351-359
Abstract

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International crisis management is a field where numerous national, organisational and domain cultures encounter one another, causing problems in information transfer between various actors. The symbols used in situation maps in this kind of an environment should be culturally independent and value-free in order to be properly understood. However, designing culturally independent symbols is difficult because the cultural background of an individual is complex and influences the interpretation of symbols in many ways. In this paper, we discuss the influences of different cultural background factors on both the design and the comprehension of map symbols. Cultural influences are considered as conventions in code systems, definitions in formal and informal conceptual models, and conventions in aesthetic judgments. As examples in the discussion, we use findings from a symbol design project for situation maps in international crisis management.  相似文献   

20.
Photogrammetry represents a non-destructive, cost-effective tool for coral reef monitoring, able to integrate traditional remote sensing techniques and support researchers’ work. However, its application to submerged habitats is still in early stage. We present new ways to employ Structure from Motion techniques to infer properties of reef habitats. In particular, we propose the use of Digital Surface Models and Digital Terrain Models for assessing coral colonies extension and height and discriminating between seabed and coral cover. Such information can be coupled with digital rugosity estimates to improve habitat characterization. DTM, DSM and orthophotos were derived and used to compute a series of metrics like coral morphologies, reef topography, coral cover and structural complexity. We show the potentialities offered by underwater photogrammetry and derived products to provide useful basic information for marine habitat mapping, opening the possibility to extend these methods for large-scale assessment and monitoring of coral reefs.  相似文献   

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