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1.
A marine sampling program, utilizing the PISCES-5 submersible operated by the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (NOAA), has confirmed the presence of a major submerged coral reef offshore from Ka Lae (South Point), Hawaii. The top of the reef is now 150–160 m below sea level. Radiocarbon and Useries dating indicates that it drowned about 13.9 ka by the combined effects of island subsidence (2.5 mm/year) and the rapid rise of sea level at the end of the last glaciation so that the relative submergence rate of more than 10 mm/year exceeded the upward growth rate of the reef. The submerged reef caps the offshore part of the southwest rift-zone ridge of Mauna Loa, which has apparently undergone little volcanic activity offshore since 170 ka, and possibly since 270 ka. This fact suggests that rift zone activity is becoming increasingly restricted toward the upper part of the volcano, a condition possibly heralding the end of the shield-building stage. 相似文献
2.
Relative role and extent of marine and groundwater inundation on a dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios 
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下载免费PDF全文 Climate change and sea‐level rise will have severe impacts on coastal water resources around the world. However, whereas the influence of marine inundation is well documented in the literature, the impact of groundwater inundation on coastal communities is not well known. Here, core analysis, groundwater monitoring, and ground penetrating radar are utilized to assess the groundwater regime of the surficial aquifer on Bogue Banks Barrier Island (USA). Then, geospatial techniques are used to assess the relative roles and extents of groundwater and marine inundation on the dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 m above current conditions by 2100. Additionally, the effects of rising water tables on onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are modelled using the projected sea‐level rise scenarios. The results indicate that the surficial aquifer comprising fine to medium sands responds quickly to precipitation. Water‐level measurements reveal varying thicknesses of the vadose zone (>3 to 0 m) and several groundwater mounds with radial flow patterns. Results from projected sea‐level rise scenarios suggest that owing to aquifer properties and morphology of the island, groundwater inundation may occur at the same rate as marine inundation. Furthermore, the area inundated by groundwater may be as significant as that affected by marine inundation. The results also show that the proportion of land in the study area where OWTS may be perpetually compromised by rising water tables under worst case scenarios may range from ~43 to ~54% over an 86‐year‐period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
The submarine Mahukona Volcano, west of the island of Hawaii, is located on the Loa loci line between Kahoolawe and Hualalai Volcanoes. The west rift zone ridge of the volcano extends across a drowned coral reef at about-1150 m and a major slope break at about-1340 m, both of which represent former shoreines. The summit of the volcano apparently reached to about 250 m above sea level (now at-1100 m depth) did was surmounted by a roughly circular caldera. A econd rift zone probably extended toward the east or sutheast, but is completely covered by younger lavas from the adjacent subaerial volcanoes. Samples were vecovered from nine dredges and four submersible lives. Using subsidence rates and the compositions of flows which drape the dated shoreline terraces, we infer that the voluminous phase of tholeiitic shield growth ended about 470 ka, but tholeiitic eruptions continued until at least 435 ka. Basalt, transitional between tholeiitic and alkalic basalt, erupted at the end of tholeiitic volcanism, but no postshield-alkalic stage volcanism occurred. The summit of the volcano apparently subcided below sea level between 435 and 365 ka. The tholeiitic lavas recovered are compositionally diverse. 相似文献
4.
A research team called the “C.A. (conductivity anomaly) Group” has been active since the early 1960's in Japan. A number of organized observations of geomagnetic variation anomaly have been carried out by the group. As a result, the overall distribution of Parkinson vectors for short-period variation over Japan has become clear. It seems likely that the anomalously large vertical component as observed in central Japan can be accounted for by assuming a depression of the highly conducting mantle layer beneath Japan, although effects of the sea surrounding Japan on geomagnetic variations are also seen. Such a model seems to harmonize with observations of heat flow, seismic wave velocities and attenuation. Use of the transfer function technique has recently become popular and consequently frequency characteristics of geomagnetic variation anomaly will be thoroughly examined in coming years.Intensive observations of island and peninsula effects on geomagnetic variation have been conducted, sometimes in cooperation with the University of Hawaii. Beautiful reversal of the sign of the vertical component at the northern and southern observation points on an island has often been reported.Numerical work on electromagnetic induction in two-dimensional conductors, thin sheets and so on has also been intensively advanced. It is particularly important to estimate the frequency response of an underground model which is believed to account for the geomagnetic variation anomaly in central Japan. 相似文献
5.
The results of a three-dimensional MHD simulation and data obtained using specialized spacecraft made it possible to construct
an electrodynamic model of solar flares. A flare results from explosive magnetic reconnection in a current sheet above an
active region, and electrons accelerated in field-aligned currents cause hard X rays on the solar surface. In this review,
we considered works where the boundary and initial conditions on the photosphere were specified directly from the magnetic
maps, obtained by SOHO MDI in the preflare state, in order to simulate the formation of a current sheet. A numerical solution
of the complete set of MHD equations, performed using the new-generation PERESVET program, demonstrated the formation of several
current sheets before a series of flares. A comparison of the observed relativistic proton spectra and the simulated proton
acceleration along a magnetic field singular line made it possible to estimate the magnetic reconnection rate during a flare
(∼107 cm s−1). Great flares (of the X class) originate after an increase in the active region magnetic flux up to 1022 Mx. 相似文献
6.
Development of a modelling methodology for simulation of long-term morphological evolution of the southern Baltic coast 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Darss–Zingst peninsula at the southern Baltic Sea is a typical wave-dominated barrier island system which includes an
outer barrier island and an inner lagoon. The formation of the Darss–Zingst peninsula dates back to the Littorina Transgression
onset about 8,000 cal BP. It originated from several discrete islands, has been reshaped by littoral currents, wind-induced
waves during the last 8,000 years and evolved into a complex barrier island system as today; thus, it may serve as an example
to study the coastal evolution under long-term climate change. A methodology for developing a long-term (decadal-to-centennial)
process-based morphodynamic model for the southern Baltic coastal environment is presented here. The methodology consists
of two main components: (1) a preliminary analysis of the key processes driving the morphological evolution of the study area
based on statistical analysis of meteorological data and sensitivity studies; (2) a multi-scale high-resolution process-based
model. The process-based model is structured into eight main modules. The two-dimensional vertically integrated circulation
module, the wave module, the bottom boundary layer module, the sediment transport module, the cliff erosion module and the
nearshore storm module are real-time calculation modules which aim at solving the short-term processes. A bathymetry update
module and a long-term control function set, in which the ‘reduction’ concepts and technique for morphological update acceleration
are implemented, are integrated to up-scale the effects of short-term processes to a decadal-to-centennial scale. A series
of multi-scale modelling strategies are implemented in the application of the model to the research area. Successful hindcast
of the coastline change of the Darss–Zingst peninsula for the last 300 years validates the modelling methodology. Model results
indicate that the coastline change of the Darss–Zingst peninsula is dominated by mechanisms acting on different time scales.
The coastlines of Darss and the island of Hiddensee are mainly reshaped by long-term effects of waves and longshore currents,
while the coastline change of the Zingst peninsula is due to a combination of long-term effects of waves and short-term effects
caused by wind storms. 相似文献
7.
Lava flows of the Ninole Basalt, the oldest rocks exposed on the south side of the island of Hawaii, provide age and compositional constraints on the evolution of Mauna Loa volcano and the southeastward age progression of Hawaiian volcanism. Although the tholeiitic Ninole Basalt differs from historic lavas of Mauna Loa volcano in most major-element contents (e.g., variably lower K, Na, Si; higher Al, Fe, Ti, Ca), REE and other relatively immobile minor elements are similar to historic and prehistoric Mauna Loa lavas, and the present major-element differences are mainly due to incipient weathering in the tropical environment. New K-Ar whole-rock ages, from relatively fresh roadcut samples, suggest that the age of the Ninole Basalt is approximately 0.1–0.2 Ma, although resolution is poor because of low contents of K and radiogenic Ar. Originally considered the remnants of a separate volcano, the Ninole Hills are here interpreted as faulted remnants of the old south flank of Mauna Loa. Deep canyons in the Ninole Hills, eroded after massive landslide failure of flanks of the southwest rift zone, have been preserved from burial by younger lava due to westward migration of the rift zone. Landslide-induced depressurization of the southwest rift zone may also have induced phreatomagmatic eruptions that could have deposited widespread Basaltic ash that overlies the Ninole Basalt. Subaerial presence of the Ninole Basalt documents that the southern part of Hawaii Island had grown to much of its present size above sea level by 0.1–0.2 Ma, and places significant limits on subsequent enlargement of the south flank of Mauna Loa. 相似文献
8.
Lava flows of the Ninole Basalt, the oldest rocks exposed on the south side of the island of Hawaii, provide age and compositional constraints on the evolution of Mauna Loa volcano and the southeastward age progression of Hawaiian volcanism. Although the tholeiitic Ninole Basalt differs from historic lavas of Mauna Loa volcano in most major-element contents (e.g., variably lower K, Na, Si; higher Al, Fe, Ti, Ca), REE and other relatively immobile minor elements are similar to historic and prehistoric Mauna Loa lavas, and the present major-element differences are mainly due to incipient weathering in the tropical environment. New K-Ar whole-rock ages, from relatively fresh roadcut samples, suggest that the age of the Ninole Basalt is approximately 0.1–0.2 Ma, although resolution is poor because of low contents of K and radiogenic Ar. Originally considered the remnants of a separate volcano, the Ninole Hills are here interpreted as faulted remnants of the old south flank of Mauna Loa. Deep canyons in the Ninole Hills, eroded after massive landslide failure of flanks of the southwest rift zone, have been preserved from burial by younger lava due to westward migration of the rift zone. Landslide-induced depressurization of the southwest rift zone may also have induced phreatomagmatic eruptions that could have deposited widespread Basaltic ash that overlies the Ninole Basalt. Subaerial presence of the Ninole Basalt documents that the southern part of Hawaii Island had grown to much of its present size above sea level by 0.1–0.2 Ma, and places significant limits on subsequent enlargement of the south flank of Mauna Loa. 相似文献
9.
Bali island may be considered as consisting of two distinct units: the western part, essentially made by a ridge of volcanic breccias, and the eastern part, made by a series of active volcanoes,viz. the strato-volcano Agung and two large calderas, Tjatur and Batur. The latter results from the collapse of a strato-volcano following the outpouring of an ignimbritic unit (ash flow) covering the northern and the southern flanks of Batur. This event occurred some 22,000 years ago. The whole island is tilted northwards around its long axis; this tilt is made obvious 1°) by the different slopes of the ignimbritic flow on the northern and southern sides of the volcano, 2°) by the island morphology and 3°) by the altitude — several hundred meters above sea level — where are found presently on the southern foot of Agung volcano recent submarine basalts (with pillow lavas and hyaloclastites). The tilt of Bali could be due to the presence of a major normal fault (or a system of faults), which itself explains the generation of the ignimbritic magma and, accordingly, the collapse of the caldera. The outflow of the ignimbrite indeed followed a long period of andesitic activity; it has been preceded — and followed — by flows of bandaite, a leucocratic lava with highly basic plagioclase (about 80 to 90% An); according to the authors, this kind of lava was generated, at shallow dephts by the assimilation of aluminous strata by a basaltic magma. Such an assimilation, as well as the anatexy generating the ignimbritic magma, is made possible thanks to important amounts of heat; most probably this heat has been supplied by basaltic magma rising in the crust through large normal faults, the magnitude and dip of which are shown by the northward tilting of the island. 相似文献
10.
—Giant landslides, like melting glaciers, lead to a redistribution of mass which will have isostatic consequences. Three-dimensional numerical modeling experiments were devised to examine how this mass redistribution affects the isostatic flexural curve. A debris avalanche of 10–40% of pre-slide Oahu is required to account for the 1200–5000 km3 Nuuanu deposit, while only ～ 1% of pre-slide Hawaii Island is necessary to generate the 200–800 km3 Alika I and II avalanche deposits. Trials were run using 25, 30, and 40 km elastic plate thicknesses (T e ). The island uplift resulting from the Nuuanu slide was calculated to be 23 m and 109 m for 10% and 40% volume slides, respectively, both using T e = 25 km. A rebound of 10 m and 49 m was calculated for the same volumes, respectively, using T e = 40 km. A greater amount of uplift is expressed direct lyover the failed flank, causing the edifice to tilt away from the calved-off portion. The landslide deposit depresses the plate several meters beneath the debris field itself. Smaller slides (e.g., Alika I and II) do not produce as much flexural response, with 17 m and 7 m uplift for T e = 25 and 40 km, respectively. The effects of slow moving, intact slumps where the failed blocks remain relatively close to the island pedestal were examined for the case of the Hilina slump, making up approximately 10% of the Hawaii Island edifice. Perhaps more significant than the uplift for the Hilina slump, comparable to that for the 10% Nuuanu debris avalanche, is the 114 m and 56 m of downwarp beneath its massive slumped foot (T e = 25 and 40 km, respectively). The landslide rebound process, in the case of a relatively large landslide, should be considered as an added component to the evolutionary course of oceanic islands. 相似文献
11.
本文利用Modtran40模式比较系统地研究了不同强度（以地面能见度表示）和不同类型气溶胶情况下,晴空和各种云所形成的天空红外亮温Tb (Infrared Brightness Temperature)随地面观测天顶角的变化,从中发现利用Tb观测来遥感云底高度CBH（Cloud Base Height）的可行性,以及定量分析气溶胶层的影响.并且根据模拟计算结果,推出了由地面温度和湿度来计算晴天和不同CBH的中低云天天顶Tb的统计算式,以及由观测Tb和地表温、湿值反演CBH的方法.从模式计算和试验的初步结果可以看出：对于低云和中云,地基观测的Tb对CBH的变化有相当的敏感性,因此可以用于CBH的反演.地面气溶胶（能见度和气溶胶类型）对天空背景Tb有明显的影响,必须加以订正.但由于其影响对不同天顶角的贡献有一定的规律性,因此有可能得到较好的订正. 相似文献
12.
Tidal-driven dynamics and mixing processes in a coastal ocean model with wetting and drying 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
A three-dimensional sigma coordinate numerical model with wetting and drying (WAD) and a Mellor–Yamada turbulence closure
scheme has been used in an idealized island configuration to evaluate how tidally driven dynamics and mixing are affected
by inundation processes. Comprehensive sensitivity experiments evaluate the influence of various factors, including tidal
amplitudes (from 1- to 9-m range), model grid size (from 2 to 16 km), stratification, wind, rotation, and the impact of WAD
on the mixing. The dynamics of the system involves tidally driven basin-scale waves (propagating anticlockwise in the northern
hemisphere) and coastally trapped waves propagating around the island in an opposite direction. The evolutions of the surface
mixed layer (SML) and the bottom boundary layer (BBL) under different forcing have been studied. With small amplitude tides,
wind-driven mixing dominates and the thickness of the SML increases with time, while with large-amplitude tides, tidal mixing
dominates and the thickness of the BBL increases with time. The inclusion of WAD in the simulations increases bottom stress
and impacts the velocities, the coastal waves, and the mixing. However, the impact of WAD is complex and non-linear. For example,
WAD reduces near-coast currents during flood but increases currents during ebb as water drains from the island back to the
sea. The impacts of WAD, forcing, and model parameters on the dynamics are summarized by an analysis of the vorticity balance
for the different sensitivity experiments. 相似文献
13.
Previous studies of weathering generally started with geochemistry[1—8] and mineralogy[9—12], and have been focused on chemical weathering rates[1—3], removability-enrichment of elements[3—6] during chemical weathering, and the age of weathering profi… 相似文献
14.
V. Paoletti S. Gruber N. Varley M. D’Antonio R. Supper K. Motschka 《Surveys in Geophysics》2016,37(3):601-623
The island of Socorro is located in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 650 km off the coast of Mexico. It is a rare example of an oceanic volcanic island whose above sea level volume is made up mostly of peralkaline trachytes and rhyolites, with subordinate mafic rocks. Subaerial volcanism started several hundred thousand years ago and continues until recent times. We present an investigation of surface and subsurface geology of the island, based on the first detailed extensive geophysical survey on the island. Acquired airborne magnetic and gamma-ray data were compared to existing geological information and supplemented with field investigations and satellite imagery. Magnetic data show a wide minimum in the central part of the island, possibly connected to a high-temperature zone in the deeper central portion of the volcano, likely to be due to a still hot magma body. The data also depict two parallel edges possibly suggesting the existence of a nested caldera. Analysis on upward continued magnetic data by recent imaging techniques highlighted two deep sources located around 5 km b.s.l., interpreted as feeding structures that are now filled with crystalline rocks. Gamma-ray data have been interpreted through integration with the geological survey results. Several previously known volcanic deposits have been identified based on radioelement distribution, and others have been redefined based on field evidence. A new succession of volcanic members is proposed, to be verified through more detailed geological mapping, geochemical analyses of rock samples and radiometric dating. 相似文献
15.
Coda site amplification factors are used to eliminate the site effect from records of three circum-PacificT phases recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) network on the island of Hawaii. ObservedT-phase amplitudes across the island generally decrease with increasing distance from the conversion point where acoustic waves
in the SOFAR channel become seismic waves propagating through the crust. However, the decay of the observedT-phase signal across the island is not regular in regions of dense station coverage, in particular, the Kilauea caldera region.
We divide the maximum observedT-phase amplitudes at a given station by the coda site amplification factor obtained for the same station and frequency band
(3.0Hz); the distribution of these amplitudes reveals a smooth pattern over the entire island. The distance over which the
site effect-correctedT-phase amplitude decreases by one-half, combined with the apparent velocity of propagation ofT phases across the island, allows for an approximate determination of near-surfaceQ over much of the island of Hawaii. We found a region of lowQ in the Kilauea summit area (Q≈30) and east rift zone (Q≈60) with considerably higherQ in the Kaoiki and northern portions of the island (Q≈150 to 200). The lowQ values obtained in the Kilauea summit region and east rift zone are significantly lower than estimates of codaQ in the same region, suggestingT phases may be sampling the earth's near-surface properties. 相似文献
16.
Daan Wesselman Renske de Winter Anita Engelstad Robert McCall Ap van Dongeren Piet Hoekstra Albert Oost Maarten van der Vegt 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(3):579-592
Under natural conditions, barrier islands might grow vertically and migrate onshore under the influence of long‐term sea level rise. Sediment is transported onshore during storm‐induced overwash and inundation. However, on many Dutch Wadden Islands, dune openings are closed off by artificial sand‐drift dikes that prevent the influx of sediment during storms. It has been argued that creating openings in the dune row to allow regular flooding on barrier islands can have a positive effect on the sediment budget, but the dominant hydrodynamic processes and their influence on sediment transport during overwash and inundation are unknown. Here, we present an XBeach model study to investigate how sediment transport during overwash and inundation across the beach of a typical mesotidal Wadden Sea barrier island is influenced by wave, tide and storm surge conditions. Firstly, we validated the model XBeach with field data on waves and currents during island inundation. In general, the XBeach model performed well. Secondly, we studied the long‐term sediment transport across the barrier island. We distinguished six representative inundation classes, ranging from frequently occurring, low‐energy events to infrequent, high‐energy events, and simulated the hydrodynamics and sediment transport during these events. An analysis of the model simulations shows that larger storm events cause larger cross‐shore sediment transport, but the net sediment exchange during a storm levels off or even becomes smaller for the largest inundation classes because it is counteracted by larger mean water levels in the Wadden Sea that oppose or even reverse sediment transport during inundation. When taking into account the frequency of occurrence of storms we conclude that the cumulative effect of relatively mild storms on long‐term cross‐shore sediment transport is much larger than that of the large storm events. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Kenichiro Tani Richard S. Fiske Yoshihiko Tamura Yukari Kido Jiro Naka Hiroshi Shukuno Rika Takeuchi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(5):547-562
Sumisu volcano was the site of an eruption during 30–60 ka that introduced ∼48–50 km3 of rhyolite tephra into the open-ocean environment at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc. The resulting caldera is 8 × 10 km
in diameter, has steep inner walls 550–780 m high, and a floor averaging 900 m below sea level. In the course of five research
cruises to the Sumisu area, a manned submersible, two ROVs, a Deep-Tow camera sled, and dredge samples were used to study
the caldera and surrounding areas. These studies were augmented by newly acquired single-channel seismic profiles and multi-beam
seafloor swath-mapping. Caldera-wall traverses show that pre-caldera eruptions built a complex of overlapping dacitic and
basaltic edifices, that eventually grew above sea level to form an island about 200 m high. The caldera-forming eruption began
on the island and probably produced a large eruption column. We interpret that prodigious rates of tephra fallback overwhelmed
the Sumisu area, forming huge rafts of floating pumice, choking the nearby water column with hyperconcentrations of slowly
settling tephra, and generating pyroclastic gravity currents of water-saturated pumice that traveled downslope along the sea
floor. Thick, compositionally similar pumice deposits encountered in ODP Leg 126 cores 70 km to the south could have been
deposited by these gravity currents. The caldera-rim, presently at ocean depths of 100–400 m, is mantled by an extensive layer
of coarse dense lithic clasts, but syn-caldera pumice deposits are only thin and locally preserved. The paucity of syn-caldera
pumice could be due to the combined effects of proximal non-deposition and later erosion by strong ocean currents. Post-caldera
edifice instability resulted in the collapse of a 15° sector of the eastern caldera rim and the formation of bathymetrically
conspicuous wavy slump structures that disturb much of the volcano’s surface. 相似文献
18.
Time-optimal path planning in dynamic flows using level set equations: theory and schemes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Tapovan Lolla Pierre F. J. Lermusiaux Mattheus P. Ueckermann Patrick J. Haley Jr. 《Ocean Dynamics》2014,64(10):1373-1397
We develop an accurate partial differential equation-based methodology that predicts the time-optimal paths of autonomous vehicles navigating in any continuous, strong, and dynamic ocean currents, obviating the need for heuristics. The goal is to predict a sequence of steering directions so that vehicles can best utilize or avoid currents to minimize their travel time. Inspired by the level set method, we derive and demonstrate that a modified level set equation governs the time-optimal path in any continuous flow. We show that our algorithm is computationally efficient and apply it to a number of experiments. First, we validate our approach through a simple benchmark application in a Rankine vortex flow for which an analytical solution is available. Next, we apply our methodology to more complex, simulated flow fields such as unsteady double-gyre flows driven by wind stress and flows behind a circular island. These examples show that time-optimal paths for multiple vehicles can be planned even in the presence of complex flows in domains with obstacles. Finally, we present and support through illustrations several remarks that describe specific features of our methodology. 相似文献
19.
Stable isotopes in precipitation sampled at different locations and altitudes over the volcanic island of Cheju, Korea, were analysed to elucidate the circulation patterns of water over the island where groundwater is a major water resource and the characteristics of stable isotopes in precipitation inputs to the hydrological cycle are a very important indicator of groundwater flow. Areal and altitudinal variation of stable isotopes in precipitation showed the contribution of different air masses to the precipitation on mountain slope areas and in the atmosphere above and below the boundary at around 1000 m a.s.l. Seasonal change of the isotopic composition of precipitation also gave a good illustration of the influence of the dominant regional air currents on precipitation inputs. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
China's island and reef coasts are mainly distributed along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. These areas have favorable deep-water conditions and great development potential. The Zhoushan Archipelago is a typical island and reef coast. In the midst of the islands, there are many tidal channels with high water depth and high current velocity. Daishan Island is located on the northern part of the Zhoushan Archipelago. The sea north of Daishan Island can be characterized as having great water depth (generally between 10 and 20 m), high current velocity (the maximum measured value is about 2 m/s), and hyperconcentrated suspended sediment (annual average concentration under normal weather conditions is about 0.6 kg/m3). Sediment transport is influenced by the co-action of waves and currents. Land reclamation can ease the contradiction between the desire for development and the land resource shortage on island and reef coasts. Land reclamation generally starts from deposition-promoting projects on island and reef coasts with hyperconcentration of suspended sediment with the aim of reducing the reclamation cost. Based on the morphodynamic characteristics of the sea area near north of Daishan Island, a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to analyze the co-action of current and waves and the model was verified for spring as well as neap tides in 2007 and 2012. The simulated values of tidal stages, tidal current velocities, tidal current directions, and suspended sediment concentration at 15 stations in 2007 and 9 stations in 2012 were in good agreement with the in-situ measured values. Furthermore, the simulated magnitude and pattern of erosion and sedimentation agreed well with the observations. This model was used to evaluate the effects of a proposed siltation scheme on the hydrodynamic environment and morphological change of the study area. The results of this study can inform the protection, development, and utilization of shoal-channels on island and reef coasts, as well provide a scientific basis for comprehensive maritime protection and development. 相似文献