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1.
In the present study, a widely used reactive dye, Color Index (C.I.) Reactive Blue 268 was utilized for mycoremediation by Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from textile effluent. Complete decolorization of the test dye (0.1 g L?1) was recorded within 6 days of static incubation at 27 °C in Czapek Dox broth (CDB). However, the isolate was unable to utilize the dye as a sole source of energy in Czapek Dox agar and CDB in absence of sucrose and obligate requirement of a labile carbon source, i.e., sucrose needed for induction of decolorization. Biosorption seems to play the pivotal role in decolorization as evident by coloring of the fungal biomass as that of dye color. The optimal conditions for the highest decolorization were found at 30 °C and pH 6.0 with 6-day-old inoculums supplemented with sucrose (10 g L?1) and ammonium chloride (2 g L?1) as a carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. The response of the isolate to increasing dye concentrations was found to be growth inhibitory. Surprisingly, about 65 % of dye decolorization was recorded with heat-inactivated biomass powder within 6 days of static incubation supporting the fact of fungal biosorption. Results of this study have established the candidature of the isolate for biotechnological removal of dyes from disreputable dying effluents.  相似文献   

2.
Textile effluents are considered among the most polluted wastewaters all over the world. Among different textile processes, dyeing is the operation that produces the most important amounts of chemical pollution. Many studies have been carried out toward the treatment of these hazardous effluents, and a variety of techniques have been applied for this aim. In this work, the effluents coming from different steps of the dyeing cycle were treated following different mixtures of baths using membrane technology. Nanofiltration (NF) experiments were performed for color removal, but membrane fouling still a major limitation. To enhance NF performances, microfiltration (MF) was carried out as pretreatment to NF. The results showed almost above 99 % of color and turbidity removal and also an important decrease in COD, chloride and salts contents with an improvement in the MF and NF stabilized fluxes of different mixtures compared to that corresponding to the dyeing effluent treated separately. In order to accomplish a full reuse cycle, dyeing experiments were performed using the combined system (MF/NF) permeates. Results were evaluated regarding total color difference between samples and a standard test done with fresh water.  相似文献   

3.
In this research, physical, chemical and biological treatability of Tehran solid waste leachate was studied. Results indicate that the amount of COD for the fresh raw leachate of Tehran is equal to 66,608 mg/l. The leachate is transferred to an equalization tank for storage and pH control process. After neutralization, leachate is introduced to an up flow and down flow anaerobic reactor. The effluent of anaerobic reactor is conducted to a sequencing batch reactor. Sequence batch reactor (SBR) effluent was pumped in to sand and activated carbon filters, after chemical coagulation and clarification. Results showed that anaerobic reactor with detention time of 3 days had a 35% COD removal and increasing the detention time to 4.5 days would improve the COD removal to 45%. Nutrient adjustment with phosphorus and nitrogen increased the initial 23% efficiency of sequence batch reactor to 44%. The effluent COD of SBR reactor was 21,309 mg/l. Recycling of aerobic reactor effluent with incoming feed to anaerobic reactor reduced the anaerobic reactor influent COD to 20,000 mg/l and this caused 53% and 57% COD removal in the anaerobic and aerobic effluent, respectively. The total systems COD performance increased to 80% and SBR effluent COD eventually reduced to 4,000 mg/l. Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes were practiced to make the 4,000 mg/l effluent COD comply with environmental standards of Iran. The optimum coagulant found to be ferric chloride with the dosage of 50 mg/l at pH of 12, which reduced 10% of COD to an amount of 3,676 mg/l. The effluent was stored in a tank and then pumped in to pressure sand filter and afterwards to activated carbon filter. The COD removal was three and 90% for sand and activated carbon filters, respectively. The total process reduced the remaining COD to 36 mg/l, which is in compliance with environmental standards of Iran.  相似文献   

4.
人工快速渗滤复合系统处理洗浴污水的试验研究   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  
针对传统污水快速渗滤土地处理系统水力负荷低，占地面积大的弱点，提出了采用人工砂和天然砂作为渗滤介质建立复合系统的试验方案，并以洗浴污水为研究对象进行了5个月的室内试验研究。结果表明，复合系统具有较高的水力负荷和较好的去污效果，其COD，BOD5，SS和阴离子洗涤剂（以MBAS代表）的平均去除率分别为86.25%,86.75%,98.95%和90.86%。处理出水中COD，BOD5，SS和阴离子洗涤剂的平均浓度分别为17.30,5.84,0.3和0.18mg/l。  相似文献   

5.
Among dairy effluents, bactofugate (B) and decreaming racking water (D) were identified as the most polluting due to their organic load content expressed in the chemical oxygen demand (156–240 g·L?1). Joining the plant wastewater, such effluents contribute to the increase of the polluting load of the wastewater treatment plant input which disturbs the treatment performance. This work proposes an upstream segregation of those dairy effluents for combined physical–chemical and biological treatment. An experimental design was proposed to investigate initial pH, applied temperature and exposure time factor effects on the thermal coagulation process. The fermentation of the resulted supernatants using Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis was performed. The optimized thermal coagulation pretreatment was obtained at (pH; T(°C); t(min)): 6, 60 °C and 5 min, with both (B) and (D) effluents. Resulted clarified whey sugar, protein and fat contents were assessed. The physical–chemical treatment resulted in considerable organic matter removal: 45% for (B) samples and 31% for (D) samples of proteins content and almost the total fat content. However, there is no considerable effect on the sugar content reduction, which remains responsible for the major fraction of the whey residual chemical oxygen demand (COD). Clarified whey fermentation using Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis strain induced important sugar consumption rates. Therefore, important sugar consumption rates were recorded and the COD removal efficiency was improved. The recorded global COD removal efficiency was of about 93%. The proposed combined physical–chemical and biological processes for dairy effluents pretreatment allowed not only to reduce the effluents polluting load, but also to valorize wheys by producing valuable components.  相似文献   

6.
A novel biosorbent synthesized from Ficus racemosa leaves based on the treatment using NaOH was applied for removal of Acid Blue 25 from aqueous solution. The synthesized biosorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. NaOH treatment was demonstrated to remove lignin content from the biomass and to induce the development of significant pores. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of important operating parameters such as pH (range of 2–10), biosorbent dose (range of 1–10 g/L), contact time (range of 0–5 h), initial dye concentration (range of 50–400 mg/L) and temperature (range of 293–323 K) on the extent of removal of Acid Blue 25. The established optimum conditions were pH of 2, biosorbent dose of 4 g/L, contact time of 3 h and temperature of 323 K, yielding maximum removal of dye. Pseudo-second-order model was found to best fit the kinetic data. Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models were found to best fit the equilibrium data. The obtained thermodynamic parameters confirmed endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption. The study established the utility of novel biosorbent for removal of Acid Blue 25 with higher adsorption capacities (83.33 mg/g) as compared to the more commonly used adsorbents. Desorption-adsorption  studies conducted for seven cycles indicated potential reusability of synthesized biosorbent for the treatment of dye effluents.  相似文献   

7.
This paper reports the results of the treatment of a yarn dyeing effluent using an integrated biological–chemical oxidation process. In particular, the biological unit was based on a sequencing batch biofilter granular sludge reactor (SBBGR), while the chemical treatment consisted of an ozonation step. Biological treatment alone was first performed as a reference for comparison. While biological treatment did not produce an effluent for direct discharge, the integrated process assured good treatment results, with satisfactory removal of chemical oxygen demand (up to 89.8 %), total nitrogen (up to 88.2 %), surfactants (up to 90.7 %) and colour (up to 99 %), with an ozone dose of 110 mg of ozone per litre of wastewater. Biomass characterization by fluorescence in situ hybridization has revealed that filamentous bacteria represented about 20 % of biomass (coherently with high sludge volume index values); thanks to its special design, SBBGR guaranteed, however, stable treatment performances and low effluent suspended solids concentrations, while conventional activated sludge systems suffer from sludge bulking and even treatment failure in such a condition. Furthermore, biomass characterization has evidenced the presence of a shortcut nitrification–denitrification process.  相似文献   

8.
Pulp and paper mills utilise huge amount of natural resources, inorganic and organic materials along with large volume of water in different stages of paper manufacturing, resulting in a significant volume of effluents. The aim of this work was to investigate the treatment of a bleaching effluent [effluent chlorine free (ECF)] from the cellulose industry with white-rot fungi in an air-lift bioreactor. This effluent was submitted to the biological treatment with three white-rot fungi, and, every 24 h for 120 h, analytical tests were performed to analyse the quality parameters of treatment (COD, phenols, colour, pH). Before and after treatment, the effluent was analysed as its molecular mass distribution and absorptivity in the UV/VIS. Lentinus edodes, Trametes versicolor and Trametes villosa promoted similarly significant reductions in the following characteristics: (a) effluent colour (40–44 %), (b) total phenol (30–51 %) and (c) COD (37–43 %). The UV/visible spectrometry reading of the effluent after the fungi treatment showed a reduction in the absorbance of all wavelengths between 260 and 500 nm. The size exclusion HPLC profile of the effluent was modified, and the treatment promoted changes in the intensity of the peaks associated with compounds of high and low molecular weight. Phenoloxidases were produced during the treatment. T. versicolor produced the highest levels of laccase, and L. edodes was the only fungus that produced peroxidases.  相似文献   

9.
臭氧-超声联用处理聚乙烯醇废水   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本研究采用臭氧-超声（O3/US）联用技术处理聚乙烯醇（PVA）废水,分别考察了PVA初始质量浓度、初始pH、臭氧通入速率、超声功率、超声频率及反应时间对PVA和COD去除效率的影响,并在此基础上通过正交实验确定了降解PVA和COD的最佳实验条件。研究结果表明,超声频率对去除率有显著影响,PVA初始质量浓度对去除效率的影响较大,反应时间、超声功率、臭氧通入速率和初始pH的影响相对较小。通过影响实验和正交实验确定的最佳降解条件为:PVA初始质量浓度100 mg/L、初始pH=9、臭氧通入速率4 g/h、超声功率320 W、超声频率40 kHz、反应时间20 min,此时COD和PVA的去除效率分别为86.4%和99.3%。超声对臭氧降解聚乙烯醇废水具有明显的协同作用,在最佳条件下,臭氧-超声联用技术比单独臭氧技术对PVA的去除率增加了5.1%,对COD去除率增加了19.4%。  相似文献   

10.
The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process followed by the biological aerated filter process was employed to improve the removal of color and recalcitrant compounds from real dyeing wastewater. The highest removal efficiency for color was observed in the anaerobic process, at 8-h hydraulic retention time, seeded with the sludge granule. In the subsequent aerobic process packed with the microbe-immobilized polyethylene glycol media, the removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand increased significantly to 75 %, regardless of the empty bed contact time. The average influent non-biodegradable soluble chemical oxygen demand was 517 mg/L, and the average concentration in effluent from the anaerobic reactor was 363 mg/L, suggesting the removal of some recalcitrant matters together with the degradable ones. The average non-biodegradable soluble chemical oxygen demand in effluent from the aerobic reactor was 87, 93, and 118 mg/L, with the removal efficiency of 76, 74, and 67 %, at 24-, 12-, and 8-h empty bed contact time, respectively. The combined anaerobic sludge blanket and aerobic cell-entrapped process was effective to remove the refractory compounds from real dyeing wastewater as well as in reducing organic loading to meet the effluent discharge limits. This integrated process is considered an effective and economical treatment technology for dyeing wastewater.  相似文献   

11.
采用PAC(聚合氯化铝)与PFS(聚合硫酸铁)混凝剂处理污水，并进行了对比实验。结果表明。在污水COD浓度为920mg／L，PFS折算为Fe2O3的投加量为300mg／L，pH为9．0时，出水COD为406mg／L，COD去除率为55．8％，而PAC折算为Al2O3的投加量为120mg／L时，出水COD为369．8mg／L，COD去除率为59．8％。PAC较PFS对COD的去除率高约4％。  相似文献   

12.
吗啉废水的生化处理工艺   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以含有吗啉、甲基吗啉的高浓度有机废水为研究对象,提出了曝气吹脱-吸附-生物处理的联合工艺,并在室内进行了小试实验。结果表明：原废水经过2次曝气吹脱后,ρ(NH3-N)从62 500 mg/L降为431 mg/L,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为26 051 mg/L。通过吸附实验,ρ(COD)从26 051 mg/L降为2 769 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)从412 mg/L降为134 mg/L。在生物处理室内小试实验中,采用了活性污泥反应器与曝气生物滤池相结合的处理工艺。在活性污泥反应系统中,当废水pH为7.5、ρ(DO)为4.3 mg/L、水力停留时间为30 h时,COD的去除率最高,可以达到83.1%。在曝气生物滤池中,当ρ(DO)为3.3 mg/L时,COD去除率最高,达到55.8%。在生物处理的最佳参数条件下进行连续监测,当进水ρ(COD)为2 769 mg/L、出水ρ(COD)平均值为387 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到85.9%。吗啉废水经过此联合工艺的处理,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为387 mg/L。  相似文献   

13.
The photocatalytic degradation of Indigo Caramine dye using commercial TiO2 and fine grained natural rutile has been carried out. The commercial TiO2 and natural rutile were characterized using powder X- ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infra red spectroscopy (FTIR). The study on the photodegradation of Indigo Caramine dye using commercial TiO2 and natural rutile were investigated both under Solar and UV irradiation. The degradation of Indigo Caramine dye was checked by the following parameters like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), %T, irradiation time and duration. In both cases using commercial TiO2 and natural rutile, the COD of the dye solution was reduced from 288 mg/L to less than 20 mg/L, and similarly the %T was increased from 76% to 97% and the percentage decomposition upto 97% within the irradiation duration of 3.5 hrs. The preliminary results obtained on the photodegradation of Indigo Caramine dye are highly encouraging and further work is being carried out for the use of the natural rutile or anatase sources for the other organic decomposition and treatment of industrial effluents.  相似文献   

14.
There are still many difficulties for developing the projects of using treated effluents. In this study, the efficiency of chlorine deoxide in the process of preparing the effluent of Sahebgharanieh Plant of Tehran for reuse purposes has been determind. Major results are as follows: Total COD reductions resulted from effluent treatment by ClO2 solutions having concentrations equal to 1/4, 1/2 and 1/1 of COD samples at one hour contact time have been about 42%, 49% and 59% respectively. Total suspended solids were also reduced by treatment with ClO2 solutions having the certain concentrations mentioned, and the reductions were about 37%,47% and 58% respectively. Besides total and fecal coliforms results indicated that ClO2 apllied was quite efficient in effluent disinfection. The conclusion is that reasonable reductions would be expected in the amounts of remained major pollutants and so reuse applications for some non-potable purposes may become possible. The acidification of chlorite has been used for ClO2 generation as it is better suited to small treatment systems.  相似文献   

15.
During dyeing process, industries consume large quantity of water and subsequently produce large volume of wastewater. This wastewater is rich in color and contains different dyes. Orange II is one of them. In this article, metal-impregnated TiO2 P-25 catalyst was used to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of Orange II dye. Photodegradation percentage was followed spectrophotometrically by the measurements of absorbance at λ max = 483 nm. The effect of copper-impregnated TiO2 P-25 photocatalyst for the degradation of Orange II has been investigated in terms of percentage removal of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). As such 98 % color removal efficiency, 97 % percentage removal of COD and 89 % percentage removal of TOC was achieved with TiO2 P-25/Cu catalysts under typical conditions. Copper-impregnated TiO2 P-25 photocatalyst showed comparatively higher activity than UV/H2O2 homogeneous photodegradation. The relative electrical energy consumption for photocatalytic degradation was considerably lower with TiO2 P-25/Cu photocatalyst than that with homogeneous photodegradation. Transmission electron microscopic analysis was used for catalyst characterization.  相似文献   

16.
This study focused on nitritation reactions for the removal of highly concentrated nitrogen from water recycled by a MWTP (Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant) for the preparation of effluent standards which will be strengthened. To examine the changes that occur during a nitritation reaction with a variety of SRT operations when inducing a stable nitritation reaction, a reactor was operated on a laboratory scale in this study. Digestion tank supernatant flowed into a laboratory-scale reactor and organic matter in the effluent under various operation conditions was classified into four types according to ASM standards using the test known as the OUR (Oxygen Uptake Rate)-test. Most organic matter in the digestion tank supernatant appeared to consist of mainly the SI component out of non-biodegradable organic matter. During the operation period of the effluent in the laboratory-scale reactor, if a nitritation reaction occurs in a stable manner, most biodegradable organic matter is removed, consisting of mainly the SI component, like the influent. Particularly, nitrogen was removed after the SS was removed from the organic matters. Moreover, through a multiple correlation analysis between the operation results from a laboratory-scale reaction bath and the organic composition of the effluent, a method to predict the organic composition of effluents that relies on the operation result of the effluent is proposed.  相似文献   

17.
Sewage treatment station in oilfield needs a new process to meet the desired requirements. A new process was proposed to meet the discharge standards, which consisted of the following sub-processes: electrochemical treatment → coagulation treatment → integrated biochemical treatment of moving bed biofilm reactor and membrane bio-reactor → combined treatment process of macroporous adsorption resin. Electrochemical treatment included 5 electrolytic cells, total volume of which was 10 L. The PFS was chosen as the coagulants in the coagulation treatment, and the removal rate of COD could reach 66% when the dosage of PFS was 500 mg/L. The biochemical treatment consisted of anoxic tank, aerobic tank and membrane zone, and the removal rate of COD was about 55–70% when HRT was 12 h. SD300 resin was chosen as the best adsorbent in the treatment using macroporous adsorption resin. In addition, the effluent COD after coagulation treatment process becomes about 180 mg/L, the effluent COD after biological treatment becomes about 50 mg/L, and the last effluent COD with the macroporous adsorption resin becomes about 20 mg/L. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum was used to analyze the differences in types of organic matters in water samples between the raw water and the treated one. The results demonstrated that the new process meets the needs of wastewater treatment.  相似文献   

18.
混凝和膜分离联用处理制药废水二级出水中试试验   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
对东北制药总厂废水处理厂的二级出水采用混凝-超滤-反渗透膜工艺进行中试处理研究。试验结果表明：混凝工艺对浊度和COD的去除率分别在62.0％和22.3％以上;超滤工艺对浊度和COD的去除率分别在87.4％和54.5％以上;反渗透工艺产水脱盐率在97.6％以上。工艺出水满足循环用水水质指标,工艺运行稳定。  相似文献   

19.
表面流人工湿地处理糠醛生产废水的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
根据糠醛生产废水的特点,利用生产企业所处低洼盐碱地改造成表面流人工湿地,废水在湿地内以自然消耗的方式处理,无外排,处理的废水量等于湿地内废水的自然蒸发量、植物的蒸腾量与植物的贮存量。研究表明,经湿地处理后的废水COD去除率平均为94%,TN去除率平均为65%,TOC去除率平均为94.9%。处理后的废水pH值为6.22。  相似文献   

20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2002,17(8):1165-1170
The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of ozonation in unsaturated porous media, and consequently to observe its features and to identify possible limiting factors. Diesel fuel was chosen to represent a complex organic contaminant that is widespread in the environment. In this experiment, the effects of several ozonation features were investigated. Sand was spiked with commercially available diesel fuel (17.024 g diesel/kg dry sand), and packed into a column. Ozone was supplied into the column in a downward direction. When the sand was treated for 7 h at 20 mg ozone/l of air, 40% of the diesel was removed. As the ozone concentration increased from 5 to 20 mg ozone/l, the removal efficiency increased. The removal rate varied significantly depending on the ozone concentration and the treatment duration. At higher ozone concentration, significant quantities of ozone were consumed by the intermediates produced by the ozonation process, and therefore, the removal efficiency and the apparent removal rate of diesel became lowered. The low removal efficiency of diesel results from the high concentrations of normal alkanes. Total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) in the effluent gas was measured using a total hydrocarbon analyzer. The THC decreased with the period of exposure and increasing ozone concentration. Ozonation decreased the gas-extractable fraction and accordingly, the THC decreased. Water-extractable fractions formed by the action of ozone were further oxidized by ozone. Due to the reduction of WEOC (water-extractable organic C) caused by ozone treatment, the potential spread of contamination can be reduced.  相似文献   

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