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Real-Time Synchronous Integration of Radar and Raingauge Measurements Based on the Quasi Same-Rain-Volume Sampling 
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下载免费PDF全文 A technique for real-time synchronous integration of radar and raingauge measurements based on the concept of the quasi same-rain-volume sampling(QSVS)is presented.Because of the temporal and spatial discrepancies and resolution differences,the integration of radar measurements with raingauge observations has long been a difficult task.Observations indicate that there exists a correlation that conforms to the power law between hourly accumulated raingauge measurement(QG)and detected radar echo(ZOH)over the raingauge.On the basis of this,a concept of the QSVS and five direct correspondent formulas of radar and raingauge samples are built up,aiming to eliminate the temporal and spatial discrepancies.A convenient and practical sampling method-the time integral vertical synchronous sampling(TIVS)is proposed and the ZOH-QG relationship is studied.It is significant that under the fixed exponent,the coefficient AB or AM varies flexibly in accordance with the temporal and spatial variability of natural precipitation,having the function of synchronously integrating the Z-R conversion and the gauge adjustment into a single equation,and thus the precipitation estimation errors caused by detecting resolution differences between radar and raingauge can be obviously mitigated.The real-time synchronous integration technique using the ZOH-QG relationship to estimate the ground hourly rainfall accumulation is called the radar-gauge synchronous integration method(RASIM).The experiments of two cases show that the accuracy of estimated surface hourly rainfall accumulation within 230 km is about 90%,and the average relative error for the point estimation over the whole process is about 20%.Through the detailed analysis of the applicability of TIVS in three environmental fields with various wind drifts,the physical essence of TIVS is explored: it is an approximate QSVS.By analyzing the data pairs of radar and raingauge,an effective quality-control procedure is established,which can greatly improve the stability and rationarity of the ZOH-QG relationship.The forecasting product of hourly rainfall accumulation derived from the RASIM has been put into operation.It is demonstrated that the RASIM plays an important role in the quantitative monitoring and forecasting of short-term torrential rainfall. 相似文献
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雷达-雨量计-粒子激光探测仪联合估算降水量 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了提高区域降水量观测的空间分辨率, 提出了雷达-雨量计-粒子激光探测仪联合校准法。首先, 利用粒子激光探测仪观测到的滴谱资料建立实时的Z-I关系, 然后, 利用变分法对同时有雷达回波和雨量计资料的点的实测校准因子进行校准, 获得最优校准因子分析场, 最后, 对有雨量计的点取雨量计实际观测值, 没有雨量计的点利用最优校准因子分析场估算降水。利用此方法对辽宁省2007年5月15日一次天气过程进行降水量估算, 结果表明: 雷达-雨量计-粒子激光探测仪联合校准法结合了雨量站观测资料单点精度高和雷达资料时空分辨率高的优点, 提高了降水量的估算精度, 更好地反映了降水的空间分布。 相似文献
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分组Z—I关系及其在淮河流域雷达测雨中应用 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
本文使用713雷达及其数字化终端,对淮河正阳关以上流域进行了定量测量降雨的试验。用最优化处理方法,按DBZ值大小分组统计,得到了这一地区Z-I关系的序列。然后,用这组关系得到降雨的雷达估算值。试验结果表明,距雷达50－100km之间的区域雷达定量测雨的精度较好。和雨量计测值比较,雷达估算的单站一小时雨量的平均相对误差为46％,单站过程雨量的平均相对误差为30％。雷达定量测雨可以作为常规雨量站网的补充,准实时地提供多种雨情信息。 相似文献
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雷达和卫星资料对江淮暴雨数值模拟的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将“713”测雨雷达和GMS卫星云图资料引入PSU／NCAR中尺度模型，以改变初始湿度场，对两个不同类型的江淮暴雨过程进行了数值模拟敏感试验，并与控制试验作了比较分析。结果表明：加入雷达和卫星资料，能通过水汽和辐合上升运动的调整有效降水过程，引入雷达和（或）卫星资料所产生的影响有所不同。 相似文献
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利用2000-2004年711雷达观测的稳定性层状云降雨回波资料，结合雨滴谱和地面雨量自记资料，使用统计方法，分析了引起稳定性层状云降雨量大小改变的因子，得出稳定性层状云降雨量大小除与雷达回波强度关系最为密切外，还和云顶高度、暖云厚度等因素有关，分析了产生误差的原因，建立了多元回归方程，为使用雷达回波对降雨量的估算提供了一种方法。 相似文献
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根据１９８０—１９８７年巴家咀水库流域各水文站及雨量站的流量和降雨强度资料，建立了一个利用中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所平凉雷达站的双线偏振雷达实时遥测降雨的雷达回波资料进行实时水文预报的模式。当接收到以无线电方式传输来的雷达资料后，该模式可进行包括各子流域的降雨总量、径流、汇流及到达水库的流量、洪峰流量和时间等水文参量的预报，并在计算机监视器上显示，在打印机上打印并存盘。这一方法与普通水文预报方法相比具有及时并能了解云发展趋势等优点。这一模式的建立及应用为防汛指挥、水库的调度提供了可靠、直观的依据，它将气象部门的高科技成果用于水文领域，开拓了气象雷达的应用范围，使雷达在暴洪监测中更好地发挥作用 相似文献
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Abstract A pilot project concerning the measurement of rainfall by polarization diversity radar, conducted jointly by the Alberta Research Council and the University of Essex in the summer of 1989, is described. The objective of the experiment was to test the theory that differential propagation phase shift can give a better estimate of rainfall with high rain rates (about 30 mm h?1 and greater) than reflectivity measurements. The project comprised a field experiment that was conducted in central Alberta during the period 20 July to 2 August 1989. The field experiment involved observing storms within about a 70‐km radius from Red Deer with the ARC S‐band polarization diversity radar and measuring rainfall at the ground through a network of fixed, volunteer observers and a mobile storm‐chase operation. Theory describing how differential propagation phase may be extracted from the data recorded by the radar system is given. Data collected on three days during the experiment (27 July, 29 July and 2 August) have been analysed and the results are presented. A total of 31 samples of total rainfall amount were collected on these days. All but three of the 31 radar rainfall amount predictions obtained from the differential propagation phase are within a factor of 2 of the rainfall observed at the ground. In fact, the average ratio of the total rainfall amount predicted from the differential propagation phase to the total rainfall amount measured at the ground is 1.16 for the 31 samples. This suggests that, on average, the total rainfall amount predicted from the differential propagation phase is only 16% higher than that measured at the ground. Of the 31 events, over a third involved some contamination of the differential propagation phase measurement through hail. Furthermore, because the KDP technique does not rely on parameters dependent on precipitation characteristics or adjustment factors, the technique can be validated in a convenient location and then applied anywhere. On the other hand, the radar rainfall amount estimates derived from Z‐R relations represent, in general, a large overestimation of the rainfall amount observed at the ground, especially when hail is present. No attempt was made to adjust or calibrate the radar rainfall estimates with raingauge data. 相似文献
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“7.15”宜昌大暴雨的地形影响特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖北地形复杂,受地形影响产生的局地强降水造成的灾害很多。2010年7月15日宜昌地区的强降水是在满足大尺度降水条件下受地形作用加强的局地暴雨。本文利用实况高空、地面、加密自动站、雷达以及LAPS再分析资料对背景场、低层流场、雷达回波等几个方面进行了分析。得出：冷空气南下和副热带高压的加强促进低层风场的调整,在大尺度降水条件下,地形对低层风场的辐合作用触发了局地强降水的发生。此次过程中地形对降水的触发主要有两方面的作用：一方面为地形迎风坡抬升触发作用,另一方面为地形对近地层流场的影响造成的辐合触发。 相似文献
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本文利用非静力中尺度模式MM5对1998年7月20日－21日发生在湖北东部地区的特大暴雨过程作数值模拟，同时将不同时间的雷达和卫星资料适时加入模式改变当时模式中的水汽场，并与控制试验进行比较分析，结果表明：加入雷达和卫星资料后的数值模拟，由于修正了暴雨区及其邻近区域对流层中低层水汽场，雨区位置和雨量中心值比仅用探空资料的控制试验更接近实况。雷达与卫星资料引入模式对于24小时降雨产生的效果不同，雷达资料的影响是局部的，范围较小，卫星资料影响范围较大，而且适时加入雷达、卫星资料能够及时通过水汽场修正，使24小时预报的雨区范围和中心强度与实况更加接近，而二者结合起来的效果与降水系统的特征有关。 相似文献
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基于SWAN产品的短时强降水雷达特征及预警分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用SWAN产品和自动站雨量资料,详细对比分析了2010~2012年区域性暴雨中的短时强降水雷达特征,结果表明:(1)短时强降水具有反射率因子大,液态水含量高、回波顶高,强回波厚度大等特征,在每隔6min的SWAN拼图产品中,短时强降水通常满足:3km高度处CAPPI回波≥30dBZ,组合反射率CR中心强度≥40dBZ,VIL>5kg/m2,45dBZ以上的回波中心厚度(H)≥3km,这些参数的变化可以作为短时强降水的预警临近指标。(2)现有SWAN产品中的QPE/QPF产品对未来逐小时的雨量和落区具有一定的预报能力,但QPE产品估测1h累计降水量更接近于实况雨量,在监测到有上述强回波发展时,可通过分析QPE产品和回波特征及预警指标对短时强降水过程进行预报。 相似文献
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A heavy rainfall case related to Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) over
the Korean Peninsula was selected to investigate the impact of radar data
assimilation on a heavy rainfall forecast. The Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation
system with tuning of the length scale of the background error covariance
and observation error parameters was used to assimilate radar radial
velocity and reflectivity data. The radar data used in the assimilation
experiments were preprocessed using quality-control procedures and
interpolated/thinned into Cartesian coordinates by the SPRINT/CEDRIC
packages. Sensitivity experiments were carried out in order to determine the
optimal values of the assimilation window length and the update frequency
used for the rapid update cycle and incremental analysis update experiments.
The assimilation of radar data has a positive influence on the heavy
rainfall forecast. Quantitative features of the heavy rainfall case, such as
the maximum rainfall amount and Root Mean Squared Differences (RMSDs) of
zonal/meridional wind components, were improved by tuning of the length
scale and observation error parameters. Qualitative features of the case,
such as the maximum rainfall position and time series of hourly rainfall,
were enhanced by an incremental analysis update technique. The positive
effects of the radar data assimilation and the tuning of the length scale
and observation error parameters were clearly shown by the 3DVAR increment. 相似文献
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用雷达反演资料诊断江苏地区一次暴雨过程 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对2010年7月12日发生在江苏中部地区一次暴雨天气过程产生的原因、多普勒雷达图像产品特征及由雷达数据反演的物理量场进行了诊断分析和定量评估,得出如下结论:雷达径向速度图像特征变化反映了风场辐合辐散特征的变化,有助于了解雨势增减情况。多普勒雷达径向速度提取的散度数据与NCEP散度数据整体趋势上是一致的,但辐合辐散中心区位置及强度存在差别,雷达反演散度强度较NCEP大4~5倍,天气过程变化期间两者散度在垂直高度场的配置调整均能反映降水动力场变化;400hPa及以下高度反演的平均散度更可信;对于雨强小于等于16mm/h的降水天气过程效果更好。由雷达基数据定量计算得到的平均散度特征和垂直速度随时间和高度的变化,能较好的反映出强降水过程的动力学特性;雷电频次与强降水出现时次有一定相关性,约有1~2h提前量,雷电发生随时间演变与雷达回波强度时空分布较为吻合,云底动能施力参量一定程度可以描述闪电增长情况,较降雨量约有40min左右的提前量,有一定预警能力。 相似文献