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1.
目前北京地区开展的断层位移测量,是用一等基线测量和一等水准测量的要求进行作业的。其目的是为较大地震的中长期预报和地震科学研究提供依据。基线测量和水准测量的观侧包含着一定的误差,现行的规范细则规定了一定的限差,这种限差一般是中误差的2-3倍。当观测误差大于相邻两期的变化量时,在一般情况下可以说明断层没有什么活动,属正常的范围。当相邻两期的变化量大于观测允许误差时,有两种可能,一种可能说明断层有活动,另一种可能是外界干扰的影响。这种变化量不一定是地震的前兆。在讨论复测周期之前,必须了解目前观测结果所达到的精度。据统计,目前基线观测相对比较稳定。因此,本文着重分析短水准测量的精度,以此为基础分析各测点的观测周期。 相似文献
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河源地电台全空间地电阻率试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
河源地电台开展的深孔短极距试验观测，其电极深度达６５ｍ左右，μ值（Ｈ／Ｌ）达２．４。这种近似全空间的地电阻率观测方法，经试验证明在降低地电台站地表环境干扰因素的影响，提高观测精度，降低线路造价和维护费用等诸方面的效果是明显的． 相似文献
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拉科斯特重力仪干扰因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据多年重力监测工作情况，结合拉科斯特重力仪的结构特点，对仪器在观测中的干扰因素进行分析，认为影响仪器观测精度的干扰因素有两类：一类是仪器本身产生的系统误差，如格值误差、零飘及弹性后效等；另一类是外界干扰因素，如振动、温度、人为观测方法不当等，如果在观测中能消除或减小这些干扰因素影响，拉科斯特重力仪就可能达到更高的观测精度。 相似文献
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合肥台跨断层短水准测量场地位于郯庐断裂带南段．1987年后测量资料长期趋势变化主要是西端点（A点）场地受荷载变迁等环境条件改变的干扰造成的。2007年新建支线10—S段,经改造形成跨断层测线B—S段,2008-01-01～2008—12-31试测,试测结果表明：10一S段观测精度优于原线路的10—A段;跨断层B—S段观测资料2008年9月以前变化平稳．9月以后的趋势性变化可能是肥东邶．5级地震的震前反映。由此认为：跨断层短水准测量测线布设既要有利于断层形变信息提取,又要能有效地分析排除干扰。并要进行多组的观测。增加检核条件。 相似文献
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一、目的意义在垂直形变测量中,水准标尺每米真长改正的精度,是影响成果质量的主要因素。尺改误差是一种系统影响,它和高差大小成比例增减,因此,对高差较大的山区水准测量而言,其影响就更为显著,这与形变测量高精度的要求,是很不相适应的。 相似文献
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结合清原地震台台站水准1985年前后观测成果精度的变化，总结了提高台站短水准观测成果精度的几点主要成功措施。它们是：选择最佳视线长度；拓宽线路、增高视线、减弱折光影响；改造仪器站条件；固定观测时间和人员；确定好观测光段。 相似文献
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浅析影响水汞测值的几个因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过几年实际工作及实验研究分析认为：（１）测汞仪自身在观测室室温超过２５℃时,便产生零漂现象,且随温度的升高而零漂值增大。（２）观测时间的长短直接影响两平行样间的观测误差,时间越长,误差越大。（３）捕汞管的严格筛选是水汞观测的重要一环。（４）最后给出排除各种影响因素的方法及结论。 相似文献
11.
A first-order leveling survey across the northeast part of the Yellowstone caldera in September 1998 showed that the central
caldera floor near Le Hardy Rapids rose 24±5 mm relative to the caldera rim at Lake Butte since the previous survey in September
1995. Annual surveys along the same traverse from 1985 to 1995 tracked progressive subsidence near Le Hardy Rapids at an average
rate of –19±1 mm/year. Earlier, less frequent surveys measured net uplift in the same area during 1923–1976 (14±1 mm/year)
and 1976–1984 (22±1 mm/year). The resumption of uplift following a decade of subsidence was first detected by satellite synthetic
aperture radar interferometry, which revealed approximately 15 mm of uplift in the vicinity of Le Hardy Rapids from July 1995
to June 1997. Radar interferograms show that the center of subsidence shifted from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the northeast
part of the caldera during August 1992 to June 1993 to the Mallard Lake resurgent dome in the southwest part during June 1993
to August 1995. Uplift began at the Sour Creek dome during August 1995 to September 1996 and spread to the Mallard Lake dome
by June 1997. The rapidity of these changes and the spatial pattern of surface deformation suggest that ground movements are
caused at least in part by accumulation and migration of fluids in two sill-like bodies at 5–10 km depth, near the interface
between Yellowstone's magmatic and deep hydrothermal systems.
Received: 30 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 April 1999 相似文献
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滇西南打洛断裂位于青藏高原向SE方向物质挤出的最前端,其构造活动记录了青藏高原东南缘最新构造活动信息。通过卫星影像分析、现场追踪调查、探槽开挖、年代样品测试、断错微地貌高精度测绘等工作,对打洛断裂晚第四纪活动特征进行深入研究。结果表明,打洛断裂是一条全新世活动的左旋走滑断裂,晚第四纪水平滑动速率上限值为(2.5±0.1)mm/a,下限值为(0.8±0.1)mm/a,平均约(1.7±0.9)mm/a。假定断裂滑动速率基本保持恒定,根据沿断裂地质体最大位错约(11.2±0.5)km,估算其走滑活动构造转换时代应为(4.4~14.9)Ma B.P.。断裂最近一次构造活动时间为(360±30)a850±30a B.P.。 相似文献
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A quantitative research for present-time crustal motion in Fujian Province, China and its marginal sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on the Chinese mainland GPS network (1994～1996), Fujian GPS network (1995～1997), cross fault deformation network (1982～1998), precise leveling network (1973～1980) and focal mechanism solutions of the recent several tens years, we synthetically and quantitatively studied the present-time crustal motion of the southeast coast of Chinese mainland-Fujian and its marginal sea. We find that this area with its mainland together moves toward SE with a rather constant velocity of 11.2(3.0 mm/a. At the same time, there is a motion from the Quanzhou bay pointing to hinterland, with a major orientation of NW, extending toward two sides, and with an average velocity of 3.0(2.6 mm/a. The faults orienting NE show compressing motions, and the ones orienting NW show extending motions. The present-time strain field derived from crustal deformation is consistent with seismic stress field derived from the focal mechanism solutions and the tectonic stress field derived from geology data. The principal stress of compression orients NW (NWW) - SE (SEE). Demarcated by the NW orienting faults of the Quanzhou bay and Jinjiang-Yongan, the crustal motions show regional characteristics: the southwest of Fujian and the boundary of Fujian and Guangdong are areas of rising, the northeast of Fujian are areas of sinking. The horizontal strain rate and the fault motion of the former are both greater than the later. The side-transferring motion of Hymalaya collision zone and the compression of the west pacific subduction zone affect the motion of the research area. The amount of motion affected by the former is larger than the later, but the former is homogeneous and the later is not, which indicates that the events of strong earthquakes in this region relate more directly with western pacific subduction zone. 相似文献
15.
Daniel Dzurisin 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(1-2):83-91
Personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey's Cascades Volcano Observatory conducted first-order, class-II leveling surveys
near Lassen Peak, California, in 1991 and at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, in 1985, 1986, and 1994. Near Lassen Peak no significant
vertical displacements had occurred along either of two traverses, 33 and 44 km long, since second-order surveys in 1932 and
1934. At Newberry, however, the 1994 survey suggests that the volcano's summit area had risen as much as 97±22 mm with respect
to a third-order survey in 1931. The 1931 and 1994 surveys measured a 37-km-long, east–west traverse across the entire volcano.
The 1985 and 1986 surveys, on the other hand, measured only a 9-km-long traverse across the summit caldera with only one benchmark
in common with the 1931 survey. Comparison of the 1985, 1986, and 1994 surveys revealed no significant differential displacements
inside the caldera. A possible mechanism for uplift during 1931–1994 is injection of approximately 0.06 km3 of magma at a depth of approximately 10 km beneath the volcano's summit. The average magma supply rate of approximately 1×10–3 km3/year would be generally consistent with the volcano's growth rate averaged over its 600,000-year history (0.7–1.7×10–3 km3/year).
Received: 10 September 1998 / Accepted: 4 December 1998 相似文献
16.
Li Zhonghua Su Youjing and Liu ZhuyinSeismological Bureau of Yunnan Province Kunming China 《中国地震研究》1998,(4)
Results of analysis of variation of cross fault short-baseline and short-range leveling in Western Yunnan Earthquake Test Site (WYETS), results show that among five observation stations of cross fault short-baseline and short-range leveling in WYETS before the Lijiang MS7.0 Earthquake occurred in February 1996 only Yongsheng observation station (epicentral distance 82 km) located at Chenghai fault shows great variation about one year before the earthquake. And the nearest observation station, Lijiang (epicentral distance 42 km); presents great coseismic variation, but does not show obvious anomalous variation before the earthquake. There are no significant variations related to the earthquake at the other three observation stations. Two methods are used in analysis of the observed data and some valuable results have been obtained. 相似文献
17.
After the Yutian M_S7.3 earthquake,the authors instantly collected 1Hz high frequency data of the 4 reference stations within 350 km around the epicenter,and calculated the GNSS data with the TRACK module. The results showed that:( 1) The co-seismic displacement of Yutian station,about 54 km from the epicenter,is the most obvious,particularly in the EW component,with a change of about 52.5 ± 11mm,which is more than three times the mean-square error of calculating precision.( 2) In the Yutian reference station,the biggest variation in the EW component appeared within 1 minute after the earthquake.( 3) The change in the NS component is not great. 相似文献
18.
Uplift of a broad area centered ~6 km west of the summit of South Sister volcano started in September 1997 (onset estimated
from model discussed in this paper) and was continuing when surveyed in August 2006. Surface displacements were measured whenever
possible since August 1992 with satellite radar interferometry (InSAR), annually since August 2001 with GPS and leveling surveys,
and with continuous GPS since May 2001. The average maximum displacement rate from InSAR decreased from 3–5 cm/yr during 1998–2001
to ~1.4 cm/yr during 2004–2006. The other datasets show a similar pattern, i.e., surface uplift and extension rates decreased
over time but deformation continued through August 2006. Our best-fit model to the deformation data is a vertical, prolate,
spheroidal point-pressure source located 4.9–5.4 km below the surface. The source inflation rate decreased exponentially during
2001–2006 with a 1/e decay time of 5.3 ± 1.1 years. The net increase in source volume from September 1997 to August 2006 was 36.5–41.9 x 106 m3. A swarm of ~300 small (M
max = 1.9) earthquakes occurred beneath the deforming area in March 2004; no other unusual seismicity has been noted. Similar
deformation episodes in the past probably would have gone unnoticed if, as we suspect, most are small intrusions that do not
culminate in eruptions. 相似文献
19.
In the list of ’repeating pairs’ or ’doublets’ of earthquakes in China identified by Schaff and Richards using tele-seismic waveform cross-correlation, there were 23 repeating pairs located in Liaoning Province. In this study the waveforms of these events were cross-correlated using records from Liaoning Regional Seismograph Network (LRSN), and the ’repeating events’ in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation were obtained. The result was compared with that of Schaff and Richards and was used for the assessment of the seismic phase picking and event location practice of LRSN. The result shows that ’repeating events’ in the sense of teleseismic waveform cross-correlation and those in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation have significant difference, al-though with some overlap. However, the overall assessment of the location accuracy and the phase pick errors of LRSN by using these two sets of ’repeating events’, respectively, provides similar results, while ’repeating events’ in the sense of regional waveform cross-correlation seem to be better performing in such an assessment. With the assumption that the separation between the ’repeaters’ be less than 1 km, the uncertainty in routine earthquake location of LRSN is estimated to be below 5 km, with the average of 2 km. In the observational bulletins of LRSN the time error in phase picking is estimated to be within ±1s for 94% Pg readings and for 88% Sg readings. 相似文献
20.
大通湖是湖南省最大的养殖湖泊.随着河蚬经济价值的提升,大通湖河蚬Corbicula fluminea(Müller,1774)的开发强度逐年增加.为实现河蚬资源的合理开发,本研究在对大通湖河蚬形态特征、现存量及其时空分布调查分析基础上,重点探讨了养殖和软体动物捕捞对其资源的影响.结果显示,壳长大于6 mm河蚬的平均湿重(BW)、壳长(SL)、壳高(SH)和壳宽(SW)分别为1.41±0.03 g、14.82±0.09 mm、13.73±0.09 mm和9.72±0.06 mm,平均相对高度、圆度和凸度分别为0.930±0.001、0.660±0.001和0.710±0.001.河蚬壳长、壳高、壳宽与湿重的关系分别为:lg BW=-3.45+3.00 lg SL、lg BW=-3.23+2.89 lg SH、lg BW=-2.87+2.97 lg SW,表明河蚬为等速生长.2010 2011年,大通湖河蚬平均密度和生物量均较2009年显著增加.2009年,河蚬主要分布于中北部的蜜蜂夹湖区域,2010年开始,几乎遍布整个大通湖,但整体上呈现由东北向西南逐渐递减的趋势,密度和生物量高值均出现在大通湖中部,蜜蜂夹湖、大西湖与尼古湖交界区域.推测养殖过程中物化产品投入的增加是导致大通湖河蚬现存量快速增加的主要原因之一,软体动物捕捞加速了河蚬分布区域的扩展.据此提出了大通湖河蚬合理开发和有效保护的建议. 相似文献