共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
近海水域有机物污染,引起海水富营养化,是形成赤潮的主要原因。赤潮不仅给渔业生产、海水养殖业带来重大损失,而且破坏了海洋环境,危及人民的健康。近年来,我国沿海赤潮时有发生,应加强对有发生赤潮潜在危险海区的经常性观测和监测;切实控制沿海工业和生活污水的任意排放;科学、合理地开发利用海洋资源;推广科学养殖技术,防止海水养殖自身污染;大力开展有关赤潮科学的研究,特别是赤潮的防治方法和技术研究,避免或减少赤潮造成的危害 相似文献
2.
概述了我国海水养殖业在快速发展过程中由于出现养殖产业规划滞后和养殖生态环境恶化而带来的若干问题。简要介绍"浙江省重点养殖海湾养殖生态和养殖容量研究"的立项背景和研究目的,鱼类、贝类和大型藻类的养殖容量研究方法以及相关的主要研究成果,展示了近海养殖生态和养殖容量的研究思路,为相关研究的进一步展开提供了一个范例。海水养殖的长远发展必须走可持续发展之路,良好的沿岸生态环境、资源与环境的和谐是支撑海水养殖业健康、持续发展的前提。总结了我国海水养殖业管理取得的进步并指出尚存在的问题。针对海水养殖业保持可持续发展的基本途径,提出了海水养殖业的规划管理和海水养殖技术改进等方面的科学建议。 相似文献
3.
我国水产养殖业发展迅速,水产品总产量居世界首位,同时也面临着严峻挑战。由于水产良种开发技术滞后,缺乏高产、优质、抗逆能力强的优良品种,种质退化现象严重,病害日趋加剧,粗放式无序开发导致养殖水域生态环境不断恶化,严重制约我国海水养殖业稳定、健康、持续发展。为全面贯 相似文献
4.
海水养殖环境细菌耐药性的危害 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为解决人口、资源、环境等人类面临的重大问题,海洋作为地球上尚未充分开发的重要疆域而备受重视。中国以海水养殖业为基础的“蓝色农业”在缓解人口增长对陆地农业的压力,促进沿海地区经济的发展中正发挥着重要作用。然而,近10年来,世界范围内海水微生物流行性和暴发性病害相继发生,严重制约了海水养殖业的健康发展(相建海,2003)。为了防治细菌性病害,大量的抗生素药类被应用于养殖过程的各个阶段,巨大的选择压力导致了海水养殖水域耐药细菌的种类和数量的显著增加,养殖生物耐药病原菌病害的发生也越来越频繁,微生物病害防治的难度越来越大… 相似文献
5.
6.
为解决人口、资源、环境等人类面临的重大问题，海洋作为地球上尚未充分开发的重要疆域而备受重视。中国以海水养殖业为基础的“蓝色农业”在缓解人口增长对陆地农业的压力，促进沿海地区经济的发展中正发挥着重要作用。然而，近10年来，世界范围内海水微生物流行性和暴发性病害相继发生，严重制约了海水养殖业的健康发展(相建海，2003)。为了防治细菌性病害，大量的抗生素药类被应用于养殖过程的各个阶段，巨大的选择压力导致了海水养殖水域耐药细菌的种类和数量的显著增加，养殖生物耐药病原菌病害的发生也越来越频繁，微生物病害防治的难度越来越大。更严重的问题是这样培养的水产养殖品往往携带耐药细菌，通过食物链传递，将对人类健康和生命安全直接构成威胁(Sorum et al.，2002)。一些海产生物病原菌本身也是人类病原菌，如一些海洋弧菌(French et al.，1989；Wong et al.，2000)，这些水陆两栖人畜共患病原菌耐药性的获得及这种病害的发生和流行将会给人类带来灾难性的后果。另外，由于大多耐药因子的可传播性，海水养殖环境中正常菌群的耐药性同样是一个不可忽视的严峻问题(Sorum et al.，2002)。大多数抗性决定子(耐药基因)是在可移动和传递的遗传载体，如质粒或接合转座子上，可在不同菌株甚至是不同种属细菌间相互传递(Ferber，1998；OBrien，2002)。再加上养殖水体的半封闭性(池养中的定期或不定期的换水)或全开放性(滩涂或近海的网箱或筏式养殖)，耐药细菌有可能被潮汐和海流带入近岸的非养殖区及海滨旅游区，通过菌间遗传物质的传递，耐药基因有可能被传入环境中的人体病原菌，大大增加了人体耐药病原菌病害发生和流行的可能性及危害程度(Miranda et al.，2001；Thayumanavan et al.，2003)。大量抗生素的使用还改变了养殖海域及临近自然海区细菌群落的结构及种类和功能多样性，破坏了生态平衡和海洋正常的生命过程(Chelossi et al.，2003)。养殖水域作为可能的抗药因子的孳生地、储藏库和扩散源(Miranda et al.，2002；Rhodes et al.，2000)，已引起了全球性的关注。世界上一些水产养殖国家相继开展了养殖水体耐药细菌的调查研究，并有一些国家已对养殖中抗生素的种类、使用方法、使用剂量、残存量及检测标准进行了行政化的规范和管理(李爱华，2002)。目前我国对海水养殖水体细菌耐药危害的认识明显不足，许多需要进行的研究尚未开展，为更有效地防治耐药细菌病害，避免耐药基因在海洋环境中的广泛传播扩散，保护海洋生态环境及资源，提高养殖产品卫生质量，保护海滨旅游环境及人民群众身体健康，在我国开展海水养殖环境耐药细菌及其抗性机理的调查研究已是刻不容缓，这项工作的重点应在于查清耐药因子的源及其传播途径和动态，并在此基础上寻找治理的科学办法，以达到防患于未然的目的。20世纪滥采乱捕导致的近海渔业资源的严重衰竭是一个非常深刻的教训，希望这种急功近利、涸泽而渔的状况不会再度在海产养殖业中出现。我们应该把海洋细菌耐药性的研究提升到直接关系到人类生存和发展的环境和资源问题的高度来对待，避免海洋成为耐药因子孳生、繁衍、传播和扩散的潘多拉魔盒。 相似文献
7.
工厂化海水养殖废水处理技术 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
近20年来,由于中国工厂化海水养殖业的迅猛发展,沿海育苗场及养殖场废水排放量与日俱增,近海水域环境严重恶化,从而导致了近岸海域生态系统失衡、赤潮频发、病害滋生。为了保护海洋环境,减少疾病传播,确保工厂化海水养殖业的可持续发展,国家环保总局在“十五”发展规划中对废水的处理做出了明确规定,国家科委下达了国家海洋高新技术发 相似文献
8.
由于近海水域生态环境因素的变化 ,赤潮生物常常侵袭到海水养殖池塘中 ,给养殖业造成严重威胁。根据多次处理海水养殖池塘受赤潮生物危害的经验 ,对赤潮的认识、常用赤潮治理药物的使用、赤潮生物大量形成后的处理方法作一些简要介绍。 相似文献
9.
弧菌（Vibrio）与渔业生物及与人类病害评述 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在搜集阅读相关文献的基础上,评述了弧菌作为河口近海生态系成员、养殖水域的优势菌种,以其高度多样性和适应性特征,在一定条件下暴发性增长,导致渔业生物大批致病死亡;同时,它还以水产生物为载体,感染人群,导致急性肠道疾病,甚至霍乱的发生而危及生命。文中提出加强弧菌基础研究以有效防止渔业生物和人类的病害。 相似文献
10.
为研究近海扇贝养殖水域水质、细菌种群分布规律以及微生物群落多样性对环境因子的响应,2019年5月至10月采集了青岛市崂山湾青山村近海栉孔扇贝养殖水域不同站位的海水样本,通过高通量测序方法分析了不同月份海水样本微生物群落结构和多样性的差异,探讨了环境因子与微生物群落结构的相关性。结果表明:①检测到变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门 (Firmicutes)等 52 个 细 菌 门,115 个 纲,其 中 变 形 菌 门 为 优 势 菌 门,主 要 包 括 γ-Proteobacteria 和α-Proteobacteria纲;②2019年9月,养殖区水样中细菌多样性升高,弧菌多样性下降,且细菌细胞数量达到最高点,说明该 养 殖 区 存 在 爆 发 弧 菌 病 的 可 能 性;③RDA 冗 余 分 析 表 明,浊 度 (P =0.027)对 养 殖 密 区 细 菌 OUT(OperationalTaxonomicUnits)水平的物种组成和群落结构具有显著的影响,硝酸盐(P=0.017)、浊度(P=0.033)对养殖疏区 OTU 水平的物种组成和群落结构具有显著的影响;④不同区域细菌门水平环境因子相关性 Heatmap图分析表明,养殖活动会影响近海细菌群落结构与环境因子的作用程度,从而增加病害发生的可能性。本研究可为贝类疾病的防治及近海海域生态系统的健康发展提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
11.
Due to increasing population growth and anthropogenic pollution in the coastal zone, contamination of water and seafood with pathogens is probably responsible for the greatest number of human morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Hence, regular monitoring of waterborne pathogens is required to safeguard public health. Current techniques rely on the culturing of nonpathogenic indicator organisms (e.g. Escherichia coli or coliforms) for detection by inference. However, recent epidemiological evidence shows poor correlation between concentrations of E. coli/coliform and waterborne pathogens. Moreover, traditional methods are slow, not cost-effective, unable to distinguish harmful from benign strains, and fail to detect viable but nonculturable pathogens. The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has provided rapid and highly sensitive methods for the specific detection of pathogenic microorganisms. This paper briefly reviews some DNA-based technologies for waterborne pathogen detection, and describes our recent development of two new DNA-based technologies—quantitative multiplex PCR (Q-mPCR) and DNA microarray—that allow simultaneous and cost-effective detection and quantification of numerous pathogens in a single sample, which is superior to the culture methods currently in use. 相似文献
12.
《Marine Policy》2017
Norway is the world's largest producer of farmed salmon. Aquaculture is the country's second largest export industry and thus vital for employment in coastal areas of Norway. The industry is dependent on public acceptance and good standing in local communities in order to gain access to new sites and to be able to sell its product. Public opinion (and assumptions about public opinion) on aquaculture may influence the industry's framework conditions and policy. Being located in coastal and rural areas, the industry must rely on the media to spread information to the public about the industry. Therefore, the media are an important source of information about farmed salmon, and the way the media present aquaculture issues has an impact on public opinion as well as authorities. This article examines how the aquaculture industry is portrayed in Norwegian newspapers and discusses how media topics and media framing may influence public opinion. The analysis shows that the most frequent topics covered in Norwegian newspapers are connected to the environment, aquaculture industry, and politics, where the concerns about the environment are dominant within the risk frame. The negative images portrayed by the media have a strong agenda-setting force and may skew public opinion to a narrow focus on environmental risks, influencing both the debate's content and the regulators’ increased emphasis on environmental risks. This is strengthened further by the focus on sustainability, where the focus is solely on the dimension of environment, making other sustainability dimensions less prominent in the media coverage. 相似文献
13.
14.
The growing aquaculture industry is projected to feature ever more prominently in the lives and economies of rural coastal communities in Atlantic Canada and around the world. Both private industry and government have a responsibility to ensure employment opportunities created in aquaculture take place in healthy, safe environments. However, systematic occupational health and safety (OHS) research within this industry, an important prevention tool, is still in its infancy. With particular emphasis on marine aquaculture in Atlantic Canada, we provide a detailed outline of the structure of the industry from feed production through to processing, identify potential OHS hazards associated with each of these activities and make recommendations for future research and action. 相似文献
15.
16.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(8):763-796
Bangladesh has vast coastal and marine resources along its south edge. Due to the geographical position and climatic condition, the coastal area of the country is known as one of the highly productive areas of the world. Bangladesh is rich not only in terms of its vast water areas but also in terms of the biological diversity. One of the unique features of the coastal areas is the influence of the mangrove forests, which support a high number of fishes and other commercially important aquatic organisms. The biological and ecological values of the Bay of Bengal have been pointed out by many authors. The coastal and marine fisheries have been playing considerable roles not only in the social and economic development of the country but also in the regional ecological balance. A large number of commercially important fishes have long been exploited which are of high export values. Shrimp aquaculture has become a highly traded export-oriented industry for the last few decades. In spite of having bright prospects, marine aquaculture on a commercial basis as well as marine stock enhancement and sea ranching are yet to be developed. The marine fisheries sector has been suffering from chronic disintegration and mismanagement that have led to many consequences. Most of the commercially important fish stocks are either overexploited or under threat. Marine pollution has reached a level that could create an unmanageable situation in the near future; coastal shrimp farming has generated considerable debates due to its adverse environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The Bay of Bengal and its coastal areas are one of the most poorly studied areas of the world although it possesses high potential for further stock improvement. Proper attention is needed in every aspect of exploitation, handling and processing, export and marketing as well as in biological and institutional management strategies. The Bay of Bengal has been increasingly important for local development as well as for a global perspective. The coastal and marine fisheries of the Bay of Bengal are briefly reviewed in this paper to provide a salient feature of the available information and resource base and to identify future research and management needs. 相似文献
17.
《Marine Policy》2015
South Australia is among the regions internationally, where there are currently strong drivers for anthropogenic and ecosystem marine planning decisions. Specifically, South Australia, in both State and adjacent Commonwealth Waters, is currently accommodating increasing interests such as oil exploration by multi-national companies in the Great Australian Bight, implementation of recently declared State Marine Parks, an increased public awareness of marine developments, commissioning of a desalinisation plant, government-focused marine science initiatives, long-standing commercial fisheries, a transparent legislative and political stage, and a relatively new aquaculture industry. Amongst this growing diversity in marine-based activities, a dedicated aquaculture legislative framework was created in South Australia with the commencement of the Aquaculture Act 2001 (the Act) to centralise the legislative processes required to underpin aquaculture regulation and administration. This centralisation has helped to create an effective platform to streamline administrative processes, reduce duplication between various government agencies such as planning authorities and environment protection agencies, and ultimately fostered investment in, and growth of, the South Australian aquaculture industry. As such Aquaculture zone policies are a key strategic management tool for sustainable aquaculture development in South Australia into the future. This paper provides a case study (Aquaculture (Zones – Lower Eyre Peninsula) Policy 2013) of the legislated regional marine planning framework for aquaculture development used in South Australia, with a focus on the key functions and processes that may have broader applications. 相似文献
18.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):681-700
The southern Mexican states on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico produce approximately 85% of the total national oil production. The region has also attracted attention due its important economic influence in terms of fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture, and for its ecosystem diversity. The justification for more integrated approaches to aquaculture development is significant, as coastal aquaculture has brought economic and employment benefits to both national economies and coastal people. The aim of this study is the analysis of Mecoacan fishing communities’ perception on coastal resources management and to assess group awareness of the potential benefits and impacts of coastal aquaculture. Although aquaculture practices have been implemented as an alternative to fishing and to improve current levels of fisheries production, the results showed that conditions within Mecoacan fisheries have deteriorated significantly, as collective aggregation is not producing a positive outcome for the local communities. However, fishermen regarded the restructuring of fishing organisations as a means of integrating employment and income generation alternatives such as aquaculture practices. Therefore, a key to success will be to demonstrate the ability of good coastal management to promote capacity building within coastal communities in the context of a participatory intervention strategy through formal and informal organisations. 相似文献
19.
基于浒苔暴发海水池塘的微生物生态特征研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为研究浒苔对海水养殖环境微生物生态的影响,采用Illumia高通量测序技术测定冬季垦区进水区、浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区水体以及底泥中菌群结构,分析进水区、池塘养殖区和排水区的环境微生物结构演变过程。结果表明:（1）γ-变形细菌、α-变形细菌、放线菌、拟杆菌和δ-变形细菌为海水养殖区的优势细菌门类;（2）进水区水体和底泥微生物种类和多样性指数均高于浒苔池塘和排水区;浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区微生物群落结构较为相似;（3）浒苔池塘的水体微生物以异养细菌为主,底泥以脱硫杆菌等厌氧细菌为主,增加了底泥潜在产生硫化氢的危害;（4）进水区水体含有丰度较高的弧菌和鱼立克次氏体等条件致病性病原菌,而浒苔池塘中含量较低,说明浒苔对弧菌等有一定的抑制作用;但浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区中另一种潜在致病菌黄杆菌类的丰度较高,养殖品种务必防患此类病菌感染疾病的发生。本文从微生态学角度全面揭示浒苔对近岸海区、海水池塘和排水区微生态演变过程的影响,发现了浒苔具有抑制和增加不同致病菌的双重作用,这对水产养殖有一定指导,也为浒苔发生原因、预报、预防等研究提供一定理论参考。 相似文献
20.
Study of coastal water zone ecosystem health in Zhejiang Province based on remote sensing data and GIS 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
The coastal ecosystem health assessment is a field of increasing importance. In this paper, a preliminary assessment of ecosystem health in Zhejiang coastal water zone was made, mainly based on remote sensing data and GIS technique. Its spatial and quantitative evaluation was facilitated by the progress of remote sensing and GIS technique development. Firstly, human activities, hydrology and ecosystem problems in the study area were discussed and analyzed. Secondly, from 4 aspects of human stress, physical, chemical and biological responses to anthropogenic activities and natural stress, several indicators such as water transparency (Secchi Disk Depth, SDD), suspended substance concentration, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, chlorophyll, harmful algae bloom, as well as distribution of sewage, sea lanes and port were employed. Thirdly, the Analytic Hierarchical Process was used for indicator weight calculation, and the ecosystem health criteria were established according to the integrative analysis of national water quality criteria, similar coastal ecosystem health research in other places or data inherent properties. The results indicated that from 2005 to 2007 the coastal water ecosystem health value in Zhejiang Province was unhealthy and needs ecological restoration by human intervention. 相似文献