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1.
The paper presents results of the study of assemblages of clastic heavy minerals and geochemical features of some assemblages in several Permian-Mesozoic cherty and siliceous-clayey sequences of Sikhote Alin. They are composed of pelagic and hemipelagic sediments of the Panthalassa (Paleopacific) Ocean. Four typical mineral assemblages and their environments are established. In one of the ocean segments, where sedimentary cover formed during the Late Paleozoic-Early Cretaceous, the Permian pelagic domain was characterized by the amphibole-pyroxene assemblage with heavy minerals derived from ophiolites. The Triassic-Jurassic stage was marked by development of the clinopyroxene assemblage with heavy minerals derived from intraplate alkaline volcanic complexes. Middle-Late Jurassic hemipelagic sediments host the zircon-clinopyroxene assemblage with a greater role of continental environments and the presence of volcanic products of the convergence zone. Another segment of the ocean accumulated red cherts and siliceous-clayey sediments during the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous under the influence of island-arc volcanism. 相似文献
2.
The composition of sand-silt and pelite fractions of deep-sea sediments deposited under different hydrodynamic conditions
was studied. Assemblages of clastic, clayey, biogenic, and authigenic minerals formed under the influence of surface and bottom
currents were traced. It is shown that biogenic opal, fine-dispersed celestobarite, and authigenic protosyngenetic ferromanganese
micronodules, which are composed of only manganese phases, represent indicators of cyclonic gyres characterized by enhanced
bioproductivity. Collophane (bone detritus), phillipsite, palagonite, and large celestobarite crystals prevail in mineral
assemblages below the anticyclonic gyres, whereas ore micronodules are depleted in manganese. Surface and bottom currents
control the distribution of clastic (terrigenous edaphogenic, terrestrial-volcanogenic) and clay minerals, as well as biogenic
opal in the form of Ethmodiscus frustules in sediments. Edaphogenic mineral assemblages represent the reliable indicators of bottom currents. 相似文献
3.
南海西部海域的物源研究程度相对较低,尤其对中段的物源有较大的争议。通常认为中部没有大河注入,其物源主要来自其南北的湄公河和红河。笔者通过对该区表层沉积物的系统取样及碎屑矿物分析鉴定认为,碎屑矿物主要分布于南部陆架区和中部陆坡区域。根据因子分析,南海西部碎屑矿物可以明显分为南部、中部、北部三区。南区陆架碎屑矿物主要由重矿物金红石、锐钛矿、白钛矿、锆石、透闪石、十字石及轻矿物石英、长石等组成,原岩应以岩浆岩类为主,包括部分变质岩;中区陆坡以十字石、透闪石、电气石、褐铁矿及黑云母、白云母为主,原岩可能主要为变质岩类;北区陆坡碎屑矿物少,组合特征不明显。各区不仅组合特征明显不同,且各区分界明显,表明其物质来源明显不同,南区物源主要来自红河和加里曼丹岛;中部海域的碎屑矿物组合与中南半岛大量出露的变质岩基本吻合,表明其物源主要来自中南半岛,而不是来自其南北的湄公河和红河。 相似文献
4.
本研究以广东曲仁煤田两套红色地层为对象。工作中各选择了中侏罗统和上白垩统一个完整的地层剖面,进行碎屑重矿物组合、标志特征,重矿物成因和演变,韵律特征和矿物或熟度等研究,初步查明了它们的蚀源母岩类型;揭示了重矿物组合和区域岩石类型变化的原因;指出以重矿物为标志的韵律性和标志层的存在;探讨了矿物成熟度在重矿物研究中的意义;进而提出了划分、对比两套红层的重矿物标志。 相似文献
5.
王金士 《中国地球化学学报》1991,10(1):88-98
REE geochemical studies of surficial sediment samples from the Yellow Sea of China have shown:(1)The average content of RE2O3 in the Yellow Sea sediments is 175 ppm,close to that in the East China Sea sediments.The REE distribution patterns in the Yellow Sea sediments are also similar to anomalies.These REE characteristics are typical of the continental crust.(2)The contents of REE are controlled mainly by the sediment grain size,i.e.,REE contents increase gradually with decreasing sediment grain size.REE are present mainly in clay minerals.In addition,REE contents are controlled obviously by heavy minerals.REE abundances in heavy minerals are much greater than those in light minerals.(3)Correlation analysis shows that REE have a close relationship with siderophile elements,especially Ti,which has the largest correlation coefficient relative to REE.Terrigenous clastic materials subjected to weathering and transport are suggested to be the main source of REE in the Yellow Sea sediments. 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田北部下二叠统山1段和盒8段物源分析及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着苏里格气田北部山1段、盒8段碎屑岩气藏的不断发现,其物源引起了人们的重视。为了查明苏里格气田北部山1段、盒8段的物源问题,应用数理统计的方法,结合碎屑组分特征、重矿物分布特征、岩屑类型、石英颗粒的阴极发光等特征,对苏里格气田北部地区山1段、盒8段的物源进行了系统的研究。结果表明：苏里格气田北部地区在山1段、盒8段沉积时期,受到北部和东北部2个物源方向的影响,物源区为盆地北缘的阿拉善-阴山古陆。物源与苏里格气田北部地区沉积体系的展布格局和储集砂体的物性具有密切的关系 相似文献
7.
中国北方元古宙沉积岩中自生稀土矿物特征及其意义--以北京、大连地区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大连震旦系十三里台组首次发现自生稀土元素矿物独居石后 ,在北京十三陵中元古代长城系常州沟组、串岭沟组和大红峪组又发现了自生的独居石以及其他磷酸盐和硅酸盐稀土矿物。自生稀土矿物的形成和岩石中稀土元素含量较高有关 ;电子探针背散射图像和 P、Th、L a、Ce、Nd、Y等元素面分布图像研究表明 ,沉积岩中的自生稀土矿物与岩浆岩、变质岩和碎屑成因的截然不同。本文首次报道了元古宙长城系常州沟组沉积岩中碎屑锆石边部成岩过程中形成的自生磷钇矿。中国北方元古宙泥砂质碎屑沉积岩普遍具有高稀土组合 ,许多地区都可能存在独居石等自生稀土矿物 ,如天津蓟县、辽西、辽南和宣化等地 ,为利用离子探针 (SHRIMP)确定其同位素地质年代提供了可能。此外 ,本文对比了大连震旦系自生独居石和内蒙白云鄂博矿区东矿的独居石晶形和化学成分的相似性 ,再一次提出中国北方元古宙富稀土地层可能是内蒙古白云鄂博巨型稀土元素矿床的矿源层问题。 相似文献
8.
分析旧司阶—吴家坪阶额济纳旗及其邻区主要地层中的碎屑岩重矿物组合特征,结合区域地质特征、碎屑岩岩石学特征、碎屑锆石测年资料、古水流方向、沉积体系特征等,阐述了石炭系—二叠系沉积物的物源体系。重矿物组合特征显示,研究区北部黑鹰山-额济纳旗坳陷和南部的柳园-芒汗超克坳陷的碎屑岩重矿物组合类型和含量都有差异,指示它们来自不同的物源区;碎屑锆石测年资料显示,绿园-拐子湖凹陷的埋汗哈达剖面埋汗哈达组碎屑锆石的年龄可分为2类：436Ma±13Ma和1467Ma±110Ma,古水流方向也显示有北部物源区存在,说明沉积物源受敦煌－阿拉善－狼山古陆和马鬃山-拐子湖隆起带的双重作用;北部坳陷沉积物源来自马鬃山-拐子湖隆起带。 相似文献
9.
重矿物分析对于判断沉积盆地的物源方向和物源区的母岩性质是有效的,但具有局限性：①对无重矿物或者仅能提供极少量重矿物的母岩判别力较差;②它不能准确判断物源区沉积物的主要运移通道。因此,进行盆地物源分析还需要重视综合研究,即①通过重矿物的矿物学、重矿物组合研究,判断物源区的母岩类型,推测母岩岩性演化;②通过沉积岩矿物成分与结构研究,判别物源区是否存在重矿物无法辨认的母岩类型和沉积物的搬运距离;③通过沉积体系分析,尤其是砂分散体系的编图,能有效地判断物源区的方位和圈定各物源的具体影响范围;④利用古构造图判别物源区的主要沉积物运移通道及其方位;⑤编制沉积盆地－物源区古环境图,以此来弥补重矿物分析物源所带来的缺陷。 相似文献
10.
龙江盆地是新厘定的松辽盆地外围中新生代盆地之一。有关该盆地中的沉积物特征及物源区大地构造背景是亟待解决的问题之一。通过对龙江盆地中侏罗统万宝组碎屑岩的砂岩碎屑组分、重矿物组合、岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学等进行研究,可以推测出物源的相关特征:(1)砂岩碎屑组分和重矿物组合反映了万宝组母岩以中酸性岩浆岩和中低级变质岩为主、含有少量中基性岩浆岩的特点;(2)地球化学特征显示,龙江盆地万宝组沉积物轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损,配分曲线表现出平缓的右倾模式,微量元素呈规律性变化,富集高场强元素(HFSE)Cs、Th、U,亏损Nb、P和Ti,具有与上地壳相似的地球化学特征;(3)碎屑锆石显示4组年龄峰值,主要峰值为167 5Ma,次要峰值为236 4Ma、309 1Ma和363 2Ma,反映了万宝组沉积物具有多物源的特点,母岩主要来自于中侏罗世火山岩,其次来自于晚泥盆世三叠纪的岩浆活动产物。综合分析认为,龙江盆地万宝组的物源具有长英质和中性火山岩特征,大部分来自于上地壳,原岩形成于活动大陆边缘背景下的大陆岛弧环境,中侏罗世沉积演化可能受到与古太平洋板块俯冲作用和蒙古鄂霍茨克缝合带演化双重作用的影响。该研究成果可为龙江盆地沉积演化分析和古地理环境恢复提供重要依据。 相似文献
11.
鄂尔多斯盆地东南部中侏罗统延安组物源分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中侏罗统延安组是鄂尔多斯盆地东南部的一套重要的含油气层系.通过对砂岩中碎屑岩成分、重矿物组合、石英的阴极发光及其泥岩微量地球化学等特征的研究,结合露头剖面古水流方向的测定,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东南部中侏罗统延安组物源区的母岩性质、物源方向及其构造环境.结果表明,研究区延安组古水流和主要物源方向来自北东、北西方向.母岩主要为北缘阴山、东北缘吕梁山和西北缘阿拉善地区太古代及早元古代的花岗岩类、片麻岩系和浅变质岩系,并且推断这些地区从晚古生代开始,就长期为全盆地的沉积提供稳定的物源.这将对盆地的油气进行进一步勘探及开发和周缘地质构造研究具有重要的意义. 相似文献
12.
新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
酒西盆地普遍缺失上白垩统-始新统,在渐新世晚期开始接受沉积,并形成厚约3．9km的中下第三系一第四系河流相沉积约,不整合覆盖于下白垩统上。渐新统火烧沟组仅在盆地北部出露,往盆地南部尖灭,古流向向南,其物源区应在北部,可能和阿尔金断裂的活动有关。白杨河组全盆均有分布,北祁连山中也有沉积。山中-盆内沉积相由山麓相转变为河湖相,变化明显;古流向大致向北,说明当时祁连山开始隆升,成为白杨河组的物源区。对酒西盆地中、新生界的重矿物进行了系统分析,白杨河组重矿物绝对含量的脉动增加明显,显示白杨河组沉积物源发生变化,原因可能是北祁连山开始隆升,酒西盆地的沉积物源由北转向南侧的祁连山。重矿物的相对含量以及ATi,GZi和ZTR特征值也指示了白杨河组时期矿物成熟度低,构造活动强烈,可能对应着北祁连山的开始隆升。 相似文献
13.
Leila Abdi Hossain Rahimpour-Bonab Mohsen Mirmohammad-Makki Johann Probst Saeed Rezaeian Langeroudi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(19):589
Playas are shallow ephemeral lakes that form in arid and semi-arid regions. Iran has a large number of playas such as Meyghan Playa, which is located in the northeast of Arak city that borders the central Iran and Sanandaj-Sirjan zones. This study aims to investigate the mineralogical, sedimentological, and geochemical characteristics of the playa sediments. In order to determine the palaeoenvironment, we carried out X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Meyghan Playa sediments consist of very fine-grained sediments and contain both evaporite and clastic minerals. The evaporite minerals include calcite, gypsum, halite, glauberite, and thenardite, whereas clastic minerals are quartz and clay. The calcite abundance decreases from the margin to the central portion of the playa but gypsum and halite abundances show an increasing trend from the margin to the center. This observation is consistent with the general zonation of other playas. Variations of calcite and gypsum concentration profiles present increasing and decreasing trends with depth, which could be ascribed to the changes in climatic factors. These factors include brine chemical modifications owing to changes in evaporation and precipitation rates and variations in relative abundance of anions-cations or in the rate of clastic and evaporite minerals due to variations in the freshwater influx (climatic changes) with time. A decrease in calcite and increase in sulfate minerals (especially gypsum) with depth is probably due to the higher water level and rainfall, a more humid climate, and salinity variations. 相似文献
14.
沉积物中重矿物分布受物源区、构造抬升与剥蚀作用、古地貌以及沉积古气候、古环境等多种因素影响,因此沉积重砂矿物的研究可应用于物源区、沉积环境的分析,阐明构造旋回与沉积作用的响应关系。本文通过对塔中地区中1井等6口探井上泥盆统东河砂岩和志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩中重砂矿物分析,提出了塔中东河砂岩重砂矿物主要来自稳定的基底再沉积及花岗岩来源,但受近源的基性火山岩及岩浆期后热液作用影响较大;志留系下砂岩重砂矿物主要来自下覆碳酸盐岩、花岗岩和搬运再沉积物,总体形成于稳定的、多物源的构造-沉积环境,物源方向可能是东南至西北方向。 相似文献
15.
通过对贵州盘县上二叠统钻井资料的研究分析,基于沉积岩石学、沉积学、古生物地史学及沉积地球化学等相标志识别出潮坪沉积以陆源碎屑沉积为主,可细分为砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪和潮沟等5种微相。分析认为:潮坪沉积发育海退型进积层序,沉积物粒度整体较细,分选性较好,发育潮汐层理;混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪微相泥岩中V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ba、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ceanom等地球化学参数指示了各微相沉积水体的缺氧-贫氧-氧化状态、贫氧-氧化状态和还原-贫氧-缺氧-氧化状态,与地质背景吻合性好。 相似文献
16.
本文根据岩相分布、化石组合、粒度、砂矿物、粘土矿物、指相元素以及岩石镜下特征等方面的分析,探讨了盆地布阶各相的沉积环境、物质来源等问题,确认它们为一套局限水体的三角洲-滨岸-滨外沉积,其陆源物质分别来自阿尔卑期变质岩系和区域内中生代沉积盖层;同时,恢复了盆地古地理概貌。 相似文献
17.
Cox R Lowe DR 《Journal of sedimentary research. Section A, Sedimentary petrology and processes : an international journal of SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology)》1995,65(1):1-12
Both sediment recycling and first-cycle input influence the composition of clastic material in sedimentary systems. This paper examines conceptually the roles played by these processes in governing the composition of clastic sediment on a regional scale by outlining the expected effects on sediment composition of protracted sediment recycling and of continuous first-cycle input on a maturing continental block. Generally speaking, long-term recycling tends to enrich sediments in the most chemically and mechanically stable components: quartz in the sand and silt size fractions, and illite among the clay minerals. Sandstones trend towards pure quartz arenites, and mudrocks become more potassic and aluminous. The average grain size of clastic sediment decreases by a combination of progressive attrition of sand grains and ongoing breakdown of primary silicate minerals to finer-grained clay minerals and oxides. Sandstones derived by continuous first-cycle input from an evolving continental crustal source also become increasingly rich in quartz, but in addition become more feldspathic as the proportion of granitic material in the upper continental crust increases during crustal stabilization. Associated mudrocks also become richer in potassium and aluminum, but will have higher K2O/Al2O3 ratios than recycled muds. The average grain size of the sediment may increase with time as the proportion of sand-prone granitic source rocks increases at the expense of more mud-prone volcanic sources. In general, except in instances where chemical weathering is extreme, first-cycle sediments lack the compositional maturity of recycled detritus, and are characterized by the presence of a variety of primary silicate minerals. Sedimentary systems are not usually completely dominated by either recycling or first-cycle detritus. Generally, however, sedimentary systems associated with the earliest phases of formation and accretion of continental crust are characterized by first-cycle input from igneous and metamorphic rocks, whereas those associated with more mature cratons tend to be dominated by recycled sedimentary material. 相似文献
18.
通过对江汉平原主要河流沉积物的重矿物组合、特征矿物以及能够反映沉积物稳定状况、物源及成熟度的重矿物特征指数(ATi,GZi和ZTR)进行对比分析,发现在江汉平原范围内,长江和汉江及其长江主要支流的沉积物中重矿物特征具有显著的差异。长江的重矿物组合模型为： 锆石+绿帘石+辉石+绿泥石+金属矿物,特征矿物是锆石和辉石; 汉江的重矿物组合模型为： 绿帘石+角闪石+石榴石+绿泥石+金属矿物,特征矿物是角闪石、石榴石; 另外,清江、漳河、沮水和玛瑙河的重矿物组合及特征矿物也都完全不同。而且各水系的沉积物的重矿物特征与其源区的岩性分布显示出极好的相关性。研究表明在江汉平原利用重矿物特征及组合模型来进行物源示踪的方法开展水系演化研究是可行的。 相似文献
19.
长江口细颗粒沉积物的粘土矿物及地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
概况 粘土矿物是细粒沉积物中最主要的矿物组成。据长江口泥沙分析资料,在河口地区无论是悬沙或底沙,粒经均以<0.032毫米的颗粒为主,在悬沙中竟占90%以上,底沙中约占75%。因此,研究长江口沉积物的沉积作用、泥沙扩散及航道回淤等项目时,均须以细颗粒沉积物为主要对象。 相似文献
20.
沉积型锂资源成矿作用特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沉积型锂资源作为可利用锂资源的重要组成部分,由于其储量大、分布范围广而备受关注,但对于锂的赋存状态、赋矿沉积岩的沉积特征、成矿物质来源等成矿作用特征观点不一。通过对国内外沉积型锂资源成矿作用的综合分析,文章尝试总结出沉积型锂资源的成矿作用规律。综合国内外沉积型锂资源（矿床）的特征分析,沉积型锂资源主要赋存于黏土岩、铝质黏土岩及铝土矿中,部分分布于绿豆岩（凝灰岩）以及砂岩、泥岩等碎屑岩。锂在其中的赋存状态多样,主要以类质同象或离子吸附形式赋存在绿泥石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石等黏土矿物中,个别为可开采的独立含锂矿物。多数沉积型锂资源沉积在湖相、泻湖相等低能的还原环境中,富锂岩石主要来源于岛弧类长英质火山岩和少量碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩,且源区母岩经历强烈的风化作用,沉积物可能经历再旋回的搬运过程。富锂岩石源于大陆岛弧环境,沉积于被动大陆边缘、裂谷或克拉通盆地。火山岩和含锂地层下伏的碳酸盐岩均可能是沉积型锂资源中锂的来源,成矿源区的不同造成了沉积型锂资源成矿作用的差异。 相似文献