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1.
滨海湿地是介于陆地生态系统和水生生态系统之间的特殊生态系统,是珍贵的湿地资源,具有重要的生态系统功能。掌握滨海湿地的分布状况对于我国滨海湿地自然资源的保护和管理意义重大。文章基于2018—2019年“哨兵2号”卫星10 m分辨率多光谱影像,完成广东、广西和海南滨海湿地的遥感制图;对岩石海岸、砂石海滩、淤泥质海滩、潮间盐水沼泽、红树林、河口水域、河口三角洲/沙洲/沙岛、海岸性咸水湖、海岸性淡水湖、浅海水域共10个亚类建立解译标志,通过目视解译,对滨海湿地进行分类和统计。研究结果显示：广东、广西和海南滨海湿地面积共计1 377 140 hm2,各地滨海湿地面积与岸线长度基本呈正相关,海岸线越长,滨海湿地面积越大,各地典型滨海湿地的类型也不相同。 相似文献
2.
We present a case study of the organizational framework of the Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA), which was implemented to promote the use of ecosystem-based management (EBM) at a regional level. GOMA is a state-led initiative formed to protect and restore coastal and marine resources of the Gulf of Mexico. Representatives of the US Gulf States, together with their federal partners, clearly defined ecological, social, and economic short- and long-term objectives to be reached through regional collaborations. The aim of this paper is to show how GOMA, and particularly the Ecosystem Integration and Assessment Priority Issue Team, in its attempt to apply ecosystem approaches to manage marine resources, modified the common organizational scheme by implementing partnerships at various governmental (federal, state, local) and nongovernmental levels. We address the following major points considered to be of importance for EBM implementation: (1) multilevel cooperation, (2) stakeholders’ involvement, (3) sharing of information, (4) bridging science and policy, and (5) consensus-based decision making. 相似文献
3.
Mark F. Forst 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(6):294-306
The primary role of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management model was to arbitrate conflicts between stakeholders in a living and natural resource environment characterized by a common property and open access doctrine. A chronology of events describes how the development and acceptance of an ecosystems approach policy began to converge and coincide with the spread and development of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Those organizations that gave representation to the conservation ethic became internationally recognized as surrogate natural resource ‘users’, the interests of which possessed commonality with all stakeholder interests in general. The tenants of conservation policy were therefore largely employed to decide the merits of disputes over ocean and coastal resources.In the 1990s, scientists created a forum to debate, better define, and institutionalize a sound basis for ecosystem management theory and practice. Protocols were developed that embedded science in living and natural resources planning and management. These protocols were shaped and adopted to serve an evermore contemporary Integrated Coastal Zone Management model. Improvements in methodology include the use of adaptive management, ecological modeling and monitoring, appropriate temporal and spatial scales, salient indicators, and stakeholder participation. This contemporary approach is dependent upon recognizing the benefits inherent in utilizing instruments capable of managing resources on a holistic level.Bioregional planning and zoning accommodate the successful management of resources on this level. It is a direct outcome of the convergence of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and the ecosystems approach. Bioregional zoning schemes are capable of traversing the private property and common property doctrines that define the respective terrestrial and aquatic environments of the coastal zone.A comparative case study of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the Belize Marine Protected Area Program is included as an annex, the analysis of which is predicated upon the principles espoused in the literature. 相似文献
4.
随着沿海经济带的开发建设,海洋生态环境承受着巨大压力,湿地、河口、海湾、海岛等重要生态系统面临前所未有的威胁。对海洋生态的保护修复已经迫在眉睫、刻不容缓。文章基于辽宁省海洋资源环境的特征,结合海域开发利用及海洋生态修复现状,探索辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题,并提出生态修复重点及对策建议,截至2017年,累计整治修复岸线长度约140km,整治修复海域面积超过50km~2。辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题有:近岸局部海域水体污染、生态受损;湿地、滩涂面积有缩减趋势;河口生态系统脆弱,生物多样性指数降低;海湾生态功能退化;海岛生态环境失衡。辽宁省应重点开展海湾环境综合治理以及滨海湿地、岸滩、岛礁等整治修复工作。 相似文献
5.
The Mexican coast can be regionalized according to the main economic activities performed in it; for the purpose of this work we are considering five regions: North Pacific, Mar de Cortes, outh Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. According to the national census, the population of the coastal zone in Mexico is increasing at a higher rate than the national average. The main industries located in the coastal and marine zones are oil and gas, fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, maritime transportation and ports, chemical industries, and minerals. Mexico has developed an environmental legal framework based on the Ley General del Equilibrio Ecologico y la Proteccion al Ambiente (LGEEPA), and the coastal management paradigm is strengthened through several other legal tools developed specifically for this purpose. There are three management strategies identified in this work for the coastal zone in Mexico: (1) Agency Leadership, (2) Protected Areas, and (3) Land Ordinance. Each one of these strategies includes stages for eventually developing an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan that considers vertical and horizontal integration, scientific research of natural resources and ecosystems, and socioeconomic issues. 相似文献
6.
我国热带生物海岸的现状及生态系统的修复与重建 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
评述了以红树林和珊瑚礁为代表的我国热带生物海岸的分布及其面积、生物群落的破坏、海岸保护与管理、科学研究等各个方面的现状，以及生态系统修复与重建技术研究进展，指出热带生物海岸及其上的红树林、珊瑚礁热带海岸生态系统具有特殊的资源价值和生态效益，对热带海岸社会经济可持续发展的十分重要；另一方面对日益频繁的人类开发活动和自然环境变异十分敏感和脆弱，而且其直接经济价值相对较低而通常易于被忽视，随着我国自然环境变异十分敏感和脆弱，而且其直接经济价值相对较低而通常易于被忽视，随着我国社会经济近20年来的快速发展，导致热带海岸地区人口、资源、环境压力加剧，热带生物海岸红树林和珊瑚礁资源已经受到生态破坏性开发活动的极大破坏而急需保护。尽管政府采取了保护管理的各种措施，包括相关法律、自然保护区、科学研究、生态系统修复与重建的实验、研究和推广，但是总体上衰退的趋势尚未扭转，热带生物海岸在我国河口海岸生态环境变异和资源可持续利用研究中具有特别重要要的意义，应该加强我国热带生物海岸的调查、监测、评估、研究，以适应热带生物海岸和相关生态系统的保护、管理、恢复、重建和可持续发展的紧迫要求。 相似文献
7.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2000,43(10-11):927-936
The perspectives of an efficient coastal management organization for the Tamaulipas Coastal Zone in Mexico are analyzed. With seven coastal municipalities, Tamaulipas has nevertheless 430 km of littoral and the largest estuarine area in the country (231,200 ha). The main activities there are: cattle breeding, fisheries and local manufacturing and urban development is actively increasing, concentrating in the Tampico-Ciudad Madero “Metropolis.” All of this affects significantly the many important natural ecosystems present. Following a comprehensive literature search and field visits to the area, it was made clear that the State's coastal zone is largely unknown scientifically. The organization of the Country Administration for its management of natural resources is overviewed and the criteria for the selection of the nine areas considered prioritary for ecological protection or conservation are explained. The main challenges facing the area with respect to an efficient coastal management are: (1) to close the gap in its scientific knowledge and make available all existing and future information to interested parties, (2) to modify the Administration organization to make the application of legal tools more efficient (3) to encourage open discussion, exchange of ideas and interactive forums among the different sectors (scientific, administrative, public and private organizations). 相似文献
8.
《Marine Policy》2015
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is becoming increasingly used in the sustainable management of marine and coastal ecosystems. However, limitations on time and resources often restrict the data available for MSP and limit public engagement and participation in the MSP process. While citizen science is being increasingly used to provide fine-scale environmental data across large terrestrial planning areas, there has been little uptake in MSP to date. This paper demonstrates how consistent citizen observations can be used to identify hotspots of good and poor environmental health across a MSP region, and where environmental health has improved or degraded in the past five years; information that is difficult to obtain by other means. The study demonstrates how citizen science provides valuable insight into environmental health across a MSP region, while fostering a supportive space for the public to contribute their own observations and participate in the planning process. 相似文献
9.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(2-4):283-317
The Amatique Bay is an estuarine ecosystem with great ecological and socioeconomics value due to its diversity of environments, biotic resources and the human activities it supports. However, until the mid-1990’s, the absense of planning and use of ecological criteria in its development have resulted in the environmental deterioration of the ecosystem and its resources. In this constribution the most important ecological aspects of the ecosystem, its economical development, environmental problems, and guidelines for its management are analyzed, putting the ecosystem as focus for planning and management of the Atlantic Coast of Guatemala. The approach enables the analysis of the sectorial levels including tourism, hunting and fishing, agriculture and livestock farming, urbanization, oil-related activities, ports and means of communications, and finally the integration of these activities into the ecosystem and habitats in the region providing management guidelines. In conclusion, it is recommended that the integrated management plan for the Atlantic Coast of Guatemala be grounded in a development strategy based on scientific knowledge, integrating the ecosystem, the economics, and the policy, geared towards the solutions of the priority problem and definition of planning and development policies. 相似文献
10.
随着人口的增加以及经济的发展,盐城海岸湿地资源利用变化不断加剧.在从时间变化和空间差异角度对盐城海岸湿地资源利用现状进行宏观分析的基础上,文章具体分析了湿地资源利用对水环境和生物多样性的生态效应.结果表明:水质不断恶化,生物多样性受到严重威胁,海岸湿地景观斑块数增加,平均斑块面积减小,破碎化程度加大.进而提出盐城海岸湿地资源可持续利用的生态优化方案,包括生态功能规划、生态产业规划、生态系统管理等措施,以此缓减由于不合理的开发利用对海岸湿地资源的压力,实现其良好状态的维持和海岸湿地资源的可持续利用. 相似文献
11.
《Marine Policy》2014
Sustainable development depends on maintaining ecosystem services which are concentrated in coastal marine and estuarine ecosystems. Analyses of the science needed to manage human uses of ecosystem services have concentrated on terrestrial ecosystems. Our focus is on the provision of multidisciplinary data needed to inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches (EBAs) for maintaining coastal ecosystem services based on comparative ecosystem analyses. Key indicators of pressures on coastal ecosystems, ecosystem states and the impacts of changes in states on services are identified for monitoring and analysis at a global coastal network of sentinel sites nested in the ocean-climate observing system. Biodiversity is targeted as the “master” indicator because of its importance to a broad spectrum of services. Ultimately, successful implementation of EBAs will depend on establishing integrated, holistic approaches to ocean governance that oversee the development of integrated, operational ocean observing systems based on the data and information requirements specified by a broad spectrum of stakeholders for sustainable development. Sustained engagement of such a spectrum of stakeholders on a global scale is not feasible. The global coastal network will need to be customized locally and regionally based on priorities established by stakeholders in their respective regions. The E.U. Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the U.S. Recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force are important examples of emerging regional scale approaches. The effectiveness of these policies will depend on the co-evolution of ocean policy and the observing system under the auspices of integrated ocean governance. 相似文献
12.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(8):671-697
The coastal and marine environments and resources of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden are globally significant and generally in a healthy state. Current regional issues include localized destruction of coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves; declines in some fisheries; exploitation of some endangered species; pollution from the development and transport of petroleum; and disposal of industrial and municipal wastes. The underlying causes of these issues are the natural vulnerability of the Red Sea due to its semi-enclosed nature; economic reliance on the petroleum industry; significant navigation risks; a rapidly increasing coastal population and associated developments; lack of fisheries information, surveillance and management; poor coastal zone planning; and limited technical expertise. Strategic actions addressing these issues will need to be implemented regionally and focus on coastal zone management that integrates environmental planning, environmental assessment and review; training and institutional development; public awareness and participation; information gathering especially fisheries statistics; reducing navigation risks; and the development of resource management and conservation strategies. 相似文献
13.
Jeremy Hills Margaret Carlisle Martin Le Tissier David Muir Caroline Robinson 《Marine Policy》2009,33(6):887
Management of the coastal zone often focuses on “islands” of high value ecosystems, in terms of economic value or conservation. However, integrated management requires landscape-level analysis of all ecosystem values. The biodiversity portfolio analysis (BPA) method is derived from the logic used in share (equity) portfolio management in terms of balancing within a portfolio the returns with the risks. Optimising the returns from a share portfolio, or a suite of ecosystems in a landscape, is dependent on the relationship between the units in terms of risk and return. Three case studies are then presented to test the applicability of the BPA method at the international (North West Europe), regional (Durham Heritage Coast, UK) and local (part of South Uist, Outer Hebrides, UK) spatial scale. The Biodiversity Portfolio Analysis for NW Europe showed that risk and return were highly correlated in the studied Member States. The ranking of risk and return, with the highest first, was Ireland > UK > France=Netherlands > Belgium. For these Member States the risks to ecosystem service provision were positively correlated with GNI (r=0.97, P<0.01); suggesting that the higher the economic importance of coastal and marine resources in a Member State the more at risk the resources are. The regional and local case studies were more focussed on providing information on which to base Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) decision making; both case studies used stakeholder participation to determine risks and returns. The conclusions from these two case studies show how the BPA method can be useful in terms of setting ICZM priorities and in addressing local coastal issues. The BPA involves making a number of assumptions, however, it does provide coastal managers with a potential tool to strategically plan due to increased awareness of the interaction between the ecosystems in the portfolio.There is a need for such techniques, which involve stakeholder participation and which create objective outcomes, to support the implementation of ICZM. 相似文献
14.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):527-545
In this paper, we address the implications of changing social-ecological feedback links for a sustainable management of coastal regions applying an ecosystem management perspective. This case study focuses on user patterns of fish resources in the Central Baltic Sea archipelago consisting of three sub-regions: Stockholm archipelago, Sweden, the Åland islands and the archipelago of SW Finland. The transition from a region, mainly relying on a mixture of local natural resources towards a region more dominated by the recreational demands of nearby large urban areas, has altered user patterns of fish resources. This transition has partly followed different pathways in the three sub-regions depending on how socio-economic driving forces have been manifested in management actions. Nevertheless, functioning ecosystems are still the basis for the delivery of ecosystem services and a living archipelago system. The significance of capturing and (re)building feedback links into management regarding knowledge on ecosystem services for a sustainable ecosystem management is discussed. 相似文献
15.
《Marine Policy》2014
Tropical fisheries are in decline around world as a result of diverse anthropogenic threats. These threats are intimately linked to biodiversity and conservation values because of the heavy dependence of both fisheries and high value marine and coastal wetlands on coastal ecosystem health. Consequently, if the widespread degradation of coastal ecosystems can be halted and remediated, there are substantial benefits to fisheries output, ecosystem resilience, food security, livelihoods, recreation and the protection of ecological assets of national and global significance. The extent, intactness and quality of Australia׳s tropical coastal ecosystems has declined markedly since European settlement, due to the cumulative impact of many small encroachments and local barrier construction on the extent and productivity of coastal wetlands, mangroves and seagrass meadows. Additionally, coastal ecosystem dependent biota has been excluded from large areas of critical habitats. Despite these changes, coastal fisheries show no clear declines that could not be explained by changes in effort. This lack of detectable decline is probably partly attributable to the short history of available fisheries catch data. However, it is also likely that it reflects the offsetting of lost natural productivity by greatly increased anthropogenic nutrient loads; a substantial problem as governments are committed to large scale, long term efforts to reduce discharges of nutrients to coastal waters. This possibility underlines the importance of rejuvenating lost coastal productivity. Evaluation of past remediation efforts show that documented success is rare, due to a complex of factors including ineffective prioritisation, a lack of necessary knowledge and resources, and inefficient monitoring and evaluation. Past experiences from Australia׳s tropics and around the world, together with current ecological understanding, suggests some generally desirable characteristics to enhance the likelihood of successful remediation and repair actions. 相似文献
16.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):681-700
The southern Mexican states on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico produce approximately 85% of the total national oil production. The region has also attracted attention due its important economic influence in terms of fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture, and for its ecosystem diversity. The justification for more integrated approaches to aquaculture development is significant, as coastal aquaculture has brought economic and employment benefits to both national economies and coastal people. The aim of this study is the analysis of Mecoacan fishing communities’ perception on coastal resources management and to assess group awareness of the potential benefits and impacts of coastal aquaculture. Although aquaculture practices have been implemented as an alternative to fishing and to improve current levels of fisheries production, the results showed that conditions within Mecoacan fisheries have deteriorated significantly, as collective aggregation is not producing a positive outcome for the local communities. However, fishermen regarded the restructuring of fishing organisations as a means of integrating employment and income generation alternatives such as aquaculture practices. Therefore, a key to success will be to demonstrate the ability of good coastal management to promote capacity building within coastal communities in the context of a participatory intervention strategy through formal and informal organisations. 相似文献
17.
The Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP) is a community-based coastal management initiative that has been underway on Canada's east coast for the past 6 years. Coalitions of local stakeholders have been assisted by government in taking a lead role for the planning and management activities in 13 coastal ecosystems throughout Atlantic Canada. The program was initiated and originally facilitated by the federal government (Environment Canada) but has come to be led and owned at the local level. The objective is to have all those affecting and/or affected by local decisions involved in this process. In ACAP, the traditional role of government is shared with the local roundtables that are established in each coastal ecosystem. Instead of government departments being the lead agencies that set policy and priorities, the communities assume this function and the government agencies become partners in responding to their identified needs. ACAP is a practical demonstration of the joint management, or collective governance approach to Integrated Coastal Management and offers lessons to governments and coastal communities looking to establish lasting partnership approaches that have the potential to achieve the sustainable development of coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2000,43(6):475-494
A survey of coastal and marine resource use conflicts in Tanzania was carried out to highlight them, investigate their origin and finally, suggest ways of minimizing them. Although Tanzania is putting emphasis on environmental issues, including coastal zone management, integrated coastal area management has not yet been integrated into the government management structure/approach. Many conflicts are the result of sectoral approach to coastal and marine resources management, and improper or poor implementation of government policies. Additionally, the local coastal community, who are the foremost stakeholder, were most often not involved in the planning, decision and implementation of many projects and policies even those that affect them directly. Ignorance about the linkages of coastal and marine ecosystems and resources is also an important factor. I suggest that integrated coastal area management which is the foundation for sustainable development, as far as coastal and marine resources are concerned, should be integrated into the government administrative structure. A lead agency with full authority on all activities on the coastal area, including issuance of permits for environmental sensitive businesses/activities, should be nominated or established. This will reduce conflicts by bringing about national coordination of coastal area management. 相似文献
19.
Salvador E. Lluch-Cota Eugenio A. Aragón-Noriega David Aurioles-Gamboa Richard C. Brusca Roberto Cortés-Altamirano Alfonso Esquivel-Herrera Michel E. Hendrickx Hugo Herrera-Cervantes Miguel Lavín Daniel B. Lluch-Cota Silvio G. Marinone Sofia Ortega-García Alejandro Parés-Sierra Mauricio Ramírez-Rodríguez Richard A. Schwartzlose Arturo P. Sierra-Beltrán 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,73(1):1-26
The Gulf of California is unique because of its geographical location and conformation. It hosts diverse ecosystems and important fisheries that support industry and provide livelihood to coastal settlements. It is also the site of interests and problems, and an intense interaction among managers, producers, and conservationists. In this report, we scrutinize the abiotic (hydrography, climate, ocean circulation, and chemistry) and biotic (phyto- and zooplankton, fish, invertebrates, marine mammals, birds, and turtles) components of the marine ecosystem, and some particular aspects of climate variability, endemisms, harmful algal blooms, oxygen minimum layer, and pollution. We also review the current conditions and conflicts around the main fisheries (shrimp, small and large pelagic fishes, squid, artisanal and sportfishing), the most important human activity in the Gulf of California. We cover some aspects of management and conservation of fisheries, especially the claimed overexploitation of fish resources and the ecosystems, and review proposals for creating networks of marine protected areas. We conclude by identifying main needs for information and research, particularly the integration of data bases, the implementation of models and paleoreconstructions, establishment of monitoring programs, and the evaluation of fishing impacts and management actions. 相似文献
20.
Ecosystem-based management is now widely accepted as the standard strategy for achieving sustainable delivery of marine and estuarine ecosystem services. The ubiquity and rate of change in marine ecosystems necessitate incorporating visions of future ecosystem states into ecosystem management strategies. Creating visions of the future enables policy makers to set realistic objectives and targets, and to explore the consequences of potential management decisions on ecosystems under multiple potential scenarios of change. Several classes of futures are used in marine ecosystem management program, and three are highlighted here: visioning, predictive models, and scenario analysis. Each approach is briefly described, and their use in current marine ecosystem management programs in North America is reviewed. In particular, the importance of using scenario analysis to identify and incorporate the influence of exogenous drivers into management strategies is highlighted. Then, some of the perils and promises associated with each approach are described, and a way forward is proposed that incorporates multiple types of future envisioning approaches into management programs. Key contributions of future analyses include highlighting connections and trade-offs among ecosystem components, setting realistic targets, and incorporating exogenous drivers, and their uncertainties, into ecosystem management programs. 相似文献