共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
地表水入渗对垃圾填埋场水质水量影响的数值模拟分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将填埋垃圾视作一种特殊土体,建立了综合描述垃圾填埋场内渗滤液水分的饱和-非饱和渗流、垃圾土体沉降变形、有机污染物的释放、迁移、转化,以及微生物的生长、衰减等物理化学过程的多场耦合仿真分析模型,将任意的Lagrangian- Eulerian（ALE）方法引入到模型求解中,基于自行开发的仿真分析程序,开展了地表水入渗对垃圾填埋场水质、水量影响的数值仿真分析研究。模拟结果表明：300 d的非饱和水分入渗及内源水产生可使填埋单元内渗滤液饱和液面最高达6 m;地表水入渗对水相可溶性可降解有机物浓度和厌氧微生物浓度具有显著的影响,并间接地影响固相可溶性可降解有机物和微生物的浓度分布。 相似文献
2.
3.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的重金属与土体发生物理化学反应,可能导致土体微观结构的改变,重金属等有毒物质得以扩散、运移,威胁人体健康和周边环境。为探究重金属污染对黄土宏观持水性及微观结构的影响,采用轴平移技术测得铅污染黄土的土-水特征曲线。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、压汞（MIP）、X射线衍射（XRD）和Zeta电位试验,阐明细观结构变化特征。结果表明：铅污染黄土的进气值随铅离子浓度的增加而减小,当铅污染浓度由0 mg/kg增加至2 000 mg/kg时,进气值从19.18 kPa下降至12.12 kPa;铅污染导致持水性能降低,渗透系数随铅离子浓度的增加而增加,饱和渗透系数从7.92×10–8 m/s增加到3.73×10–7 m/s;铅污染引起的物理化学反应及Zeta电位的降低导致絮凝结构形成,小孔隙占比减小,中孔隙占比增加;铅污染引起的微观结构演化与宏观持水性和渗透性具有良好的对应关系。该研究结果可为重金属污染场地非饱和渗流及溶质运移等问题的研究提供重要参数。 相似文献
4.
蒸发蒸腾覆盖层相比传统覆盖层有许多优势,目前这种覆盖层主要应用于干旱和半干旱地区,但研究湿润地区垃圾填埋场蒸发蒸腾覆盖层的水分运移规律和工作性能很有必要。通过二维饱和-非饱和模型,分析覆盖层厚度、土壤类型、植被条件、气候条件等设计参数对蒸发蒸腾覆盖层防渗性能的影响,并对覆盖层中的水分运移规律及其工作性能和适用性进行研究。研究结果表明,随着覆盖层厚度和叶面积指数LAI增加,蒸发蒸腾覆盖层的最终透水量（穿过覆盖层水分）呈减小趋势,但覆盖层厚度和叶面积指数较大时透水量减小趋势不明显;拥有较大储水能力和适当渗透系数的覆盖层能够有效地减少透水量;降雨的季节性分布对蒸发蒸腾覆盖层性能有很大影响,当多雨期与高温期分布一致时,蒸发蒸腾覆盖层的性能可满足设计要求;在非饱和条件下,毛细阻滞型覆盖层利用粗-细粒土之间水力特性的差异形成毛细阻滞效应减少水分向下入渗,其防渗性能优于单一土层型覆盖层,但在不利气象条件组合下,该毛细阻滞作用可能失效, 其防渗性能将大大下降。 相似文献
5.
高模数硅酸钾（简称PS）对西北干旱区的土遗址具有明显的加固效果,其加固后的土体也具有较好的渗透性。采用VJ-T非饱和土渗透仪和常规压力板仪测试了PS加固前后饱和样的渗透系数和非饱和土的土-水特征曲线(SWCC),并利用相关模型预测了非饱和土的渗透系数。结果显示,PS加固以后,在各个含水条件下的渗透性都有一定程度的提高,7%PS加固样表现非常明显。其原因是PS与土颗粒进行了非常复杂的物理化学变化,在反应中颗粒的几何形状发生变化,大量棱角弱化或消失,土颗粒磨圆度变好。同时,孔隙壁变得光滑、平直,孔隙弯曲因子减小,有效孔隙增大,这些因素导致了非饱和黏土的渗透性能有较大幅度提高。电镜测试分析了PS加固以后黏土颗粒及孔隙的变化,较好地验证了渗透性试验的结果 相似文献
6.
垃圾卫生填埋结构对地质环境效应的控制研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
张澄博 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,(Z1)
通过大量的现场调查、室内外试验及综合分析,以多种手段较系统地研究了垃圾及其渗滤液成分组成与变化规律,填埋场的地理—地质条件,填埋结构单元的控制机理,填埋结构控制作用的数学模拟和垃圾卫生填埋结构优化设计系统及其应用。首先,根据实际调查资料的统计结果,论述垃圾成分受到生活水平、能耗结构、季节、地域等多种因素的影响,并分析垃圾产量和成分变化的一般规律。以试验和现场监测为基础,详细研究垃圾渗滤液成分的变化特征,探讨垃圾的分解过程,指出垃圾渗滤液成分具有以有机质及其分解产物为主的高浓度、强污染特性,总体上具有随时间呈负指数衰减的动态变化规律。结合成都长安垃圾填埋场,首次详细、系统地从试验和模型计算两方面研究填埋结构对地质环境效应的控制作用。控制作用体现在两个方面：一方面,是填埋结构的各个组成部分（衬里、垃圾层、填土层）能够有效地去除污染物质,由于填埋体类似于一个生物反应器,有机质发生生物降解,分解的终极产物（如ＮＨ＋４）可被填土层和衬里吸附;另一方面,通过改变衬里、填土层的厚度与密度,可以控制渗滤液在填埋体内的水动力条件,从而控制渗滤液下渗对地下水造成的污染。在试验结果的基础上,建立模拟模型,完整系统地研究渗滤液水头 相似文献
7.
城市固体废弃物好氧填埋的可行性研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
在我国，城市固体废弃物(MSW)多用厌氧填埋法处理，该方法有降解速度慢、气体不易控制等缺点。通过好氧填埋法与厌氧填埋法处理MSW的对比实验，得出利用好氧填埋处理MSW，使有机物降解率明显高于厌氧法。同时，根据垃圾场内部含氧量及湿度等因素将会影响好氧填埋效果，并在借鉴半好氧填埋技术的基础上，最终提出用分层通风来提高供氧效率，并与污水回灌等方法结合，不但解决垃圾场内部含水量不足问题，还能加快场内有机物的降解，使其迅速稳定。 相似文献
8.
土坡失稳的有效降雨量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
降雨易引起花岗岩残积土边坡失稳。在分析降雨对边坡土体含水率影响的基础上,通过饱和度和含水率的关系推求出土体从非饱和过渡到饱和的有效降雨量。结果表明：对土质边坡,并非所有的降雨都会引起边坡的失稳,降雨入渗使边坡土体从非饱和向饱和状态发展,当边坡土体饱和度达到一定程度的时候易产生边坡失稳;土坡存在饱和区和非饱和区的临界深度,降雨对边坡的影响即为使得该深度以上的土体从非饱和过渡到饱和的过程,须采取不同的抗剪强度来计算处于临界深度上下两部分土体的稳定状态。研究结果对确定土坡失稳的降雨量阀值、进一步认识滑坡失稳机制,对滑坡的预测预报具有理论及实际意义。 相似文献
9.
吸力是非饱和土研究的重点也是其难点。重点在于自然界中诸多物理现象可以用吸力去解释，难点在于非饱和土吸力的量化测试技术现在还不成熟。非饱和土作为地球表层广泛存在的三相组合材料，其力学性质远远比饱和土复杂，归根结底在于土中水气界面形成的弯液面收缩膜，导致了土体孔隙产生吸力。非饱和土体的强度变形特征就是其内部吸力不断变化的宏观表现形式，其宏观物理力学性质与吸力之间存在一个桥梁——微观结构。对非饱和土微观结构和吸力理论、试验研究的整体把握是完善土力学的一个重要方法。开展对非饱和土液桥动态结构演化及吸力力链分布特性的研究，是全面了解非饱和土力学性能的重要基础之一，也是深入把握和量化非饱和土吸力的重要手段。 相似文献
10.
非饱和土体中的部分气体极容易在入渗过程中被封闭在孔隙或裂隙中,形成互不连通的与外界隔绝的封闭气泡。封闭气泡的存在阻碍了水相的流动,使土体的渗透性能降低,从而对土体的入渗速率产生不可忽视的影响。在分析前人研究成果的基础上,结合室内一维积水入渗试验结果,初步探讨了封闭气泡的形成原因,及其对土体入渗性能的影响机制,对研究非饱和土中水气二相流规律有重要指导意义。试验结果表明：积水入渗时,土体中存在封闭气泡,封闭气泡的含量与土性、干密度和初始含水率等有关。干密度越大,封闭气泡占据孔隙空间越大,阻渗作用越明显,干密度相同时,黏性土中封闭气泡对入渗的阻碍作用较砂性土明显;初始含水率较小时,封闭气泡含量相对较大。由于封闭气泡的存在,入渗稳定时的传输区土体含水率只有土样饱和含水率的80 %左右。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
15.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
16.
正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
18.
正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
19.
正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
20.
正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献