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1.
内蒙古额尔古纳市虎拉林金矿床成矿流体包裹体研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过矿床流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和激光拉曼光谱成分分析,研究成矿流体性质,探讨了矿床成因类型.研究结果表明,流体包裹体以气液两相包裹体为主,少量含CO2三相、含子矿物三相和纯气相包裹体等.成矿流体均一温度为320~360℃,盐度为19.2%~21.8%,密度为0.73~0.90 g/cm3,估算成矿压力为92.1~129.1 MPa,成矿深度为3.07~4.3km.成矿流体气相成分以H2O为主,其次为CO2、CH4和N2,微量的C6H6、C2H6和C3H8等,总体属H2O-CO2-NaCl体系.成矿流体是一种不混溶流体,主要来源于深部岩浆,并可能有幔源组分参与.金主要是以金氯配合物的形式迁移.矿床的地质-地球化学特征与隐爆角砾岩型金矿类似,应属隐爆角砾岩型金矿床.  相似文献   

2.
显微红外测温是利用红外显微镜研究不透明半透明矿物的流体包裹体丰度和分布特征,并与冷热台相结合进行流体包裹体显微测温分析的一种有效的新技术。云南会泽超大型富锗银铅锌矿床是分布于川滇黔接壤区典型的会泽型(HZT)铅锌矿床。本文以该矿床的闪锌矿、方解石流体包裹体为例,应用显微红外测温技术发现闪锌矿中发育大量流体包裹体,按其相态可分为6类:纯气相(V)、富液相气液两相(L+V)、富气相气液两相(L+V)、纯液相(L)、含子矿物三相(L+V+S)、含CO2三相(LCO2+LH2O+VCO2)包裹体,而在热液方解石中仅发现富液相气液两相(L+V)、纯液相(L)包裹体。闪锌矿中的流体包裹体均一温度集中在2个区间:150~221℃和320~364℃;而盐度变化范围较大,主要集中于3个区间:12.0%~18.0%、5.0%~11.0%、1.1%~5.0%。不同世代闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度大致反映成矿流体演化的全过程,而方解石流体包裹体均一温度主要反映成矿流体演化的中晚阶段,而且与脉石矿物(方解石)共生的闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度也高于方解石包裹体均一温度;反映了闪锌矿流体包裹体较方解石更能反映成矿流体的信息,进一步揭示从早成矿阶段到晚成矿阶段,成矿流体大致经历了中高温-中盐度→中低温-中盐度→中低温-中低盐度的演化过程。通过压力校正后的流体包裹体捕获温度反映了早成矿阶段成矿流体呈中高温,进一步证实了该矿床并非低温矿床。通过矿床对比研究,不仅反映了该矿床明显不同于典型的MVT铅锌矿床,而且表明了显微红外测温技术为该类矿床成矿流体p-T-x条件及矿床成因的研究提供了新方法与途径,并将在金属矿床成矿流体的研究领域发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
永新金矿床是早白垩世晚期形成的浅成低温热液型金矿床。对其主要金银系列矿物和碲化物研究显示:金银系列矿物中Au质量分数为65.092%~90.713%(平均为83.942%),Ag为5.652%~16.632%(平均为11.285%);以自然金和银金矿为主,成色集中在870.2~941.3(平均为881.1),主要以包体金、粒间金和裂隙金的形式存在,粒径集中在10~20 μm;碲化物主要有辉碲铋矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿和碲铅矿等,以碲银矿数量最多,主要包裹于黄铁矿内部或产于裂隙中,常与自然金和方铅矿连生,粒径多为5~20 μm。综合研究碲化物组合特征、不同标高金矿物的成色、Te/Au值等认为,永新金矿床碲化物形成时成矿流体的lgf(Te2)介于-15.2~-9.4范围,lgf(S2)介于-16.7~-14.0范围,矿床与火山或次火山热液有关,具备中浅成成矿特征,深部尚有较大成矿潜力。  相似文献   

4.
架底金矿是近年来在黔西南新发现的主要赋存于玄武岩中的大型微细粒浸染型金矿床。为查明其成矿流体特征,探讨流体成矿机制,针对矿床不同成矿阶段采取流体包裹体样品开展工作。根据野外观察和室内分析,架底金矿热液成矿期可分为3个阶段:黄铁矿阶段、烟灰色石英阶段和硫化物阶段,其中烟灰色石英阶段为主要成矿阶段。流体包裹体以NaCl-H2O和CO2-NaCl-H2O型为主,黄铁矿阶段富CO2包裹体,均一温度（Th）为211~231℃,盐度（wt）为2.10~7.60（% NaCl equiv）;烟灰色石英阶段见大量NaCl-H2O和CO2-NaCl-H2O型包裹体,均一温度（Th）为182~218℃,盐度（wt）为1.40~5.90（% NaCl equiv）;硫化物阶段包裹体均一温度（Th）普遍小于183℃,盐度（wt）为0.90~5.30（% NaCl equiv）。激光拉曼光谱分析显示包裹体中含CO2、CH4、N2、SO2等气相组分,随着成矿流体均一温度、盐度和密度的不断下降,包裹体中气相组分种类也趋于简单。通过计算成矿流体的ρ、P、pH、Eh和fO2等物理化学参数,表明成矿环境具有中低温、低盐度、低密度、近中性、相对还原及低氧逸度的特征。流体包裹体组合变化表明成矿作用发生在流体CO2含量不断降低的过程,主成矿阶段流体混合和区域伸展构造引起流体沸腾作用强烈,大量金属成分（黄铁矿、自然金等）快速沉淀形成金矿体。   相似文献   

5.
于明杰  王玉往  毛启贵  王京彬  张锐  程奋维  付王伟 《地球科学》2018,43(9):3100-3111, 3125
琼库都克银多金属矿床位于新疆哈密地区的小石头泉矿区中部,是矿区目前为止最大的银多金属矿床,目前人们对该矿床的成矿机制研究有待深入.在详细矿床地质特征的研究基础上,开展了石英流体包裹体显微测温分析、群体包裹体的气液相成分分析以及稳定同位素（H、O同位素）分析.结果显示,琼库都克矿床的原生石英流体包裹体类型主要为富液相的水溶液包裹体,个体较小;成矿早期阶段（Ⅰ阶段）流体包裹体的均一温度变化于152~280 ℃,盐度ω（NaCleqv）变化范围为2.73%~13.50%;主成矿阶段（Ⅱ阶段）流体包裹体的均一温度变化范围为131~261 ℃,盐度ω（NaCleqv）变化范围为0.35%~9.59%,总体表现出中-低温、中-低盐度的成矿流体特征,从Ⅰ阶段到Ⅱ阶段,成矿流体的均一温度和盐度均有所降低,表明温度和盐度的降低可能为金属沉淀的成矿机制.流体包裹体的气相成分中绝大部分为H2O,其次含有一定的CO2,并含有少量N2以及CH4和C2H6等还原性气体;液相成分中阳离子主要为Na+、K+,阴离子以Cl-占绝大多数,部分含SO42-,表明琼库都克矿床的成矿流体富含挥发分,为H2O-NaCl型热液体系.主成矿阶段包裹体的δDH2O值范围为-89.5‰~-85.1‰,δ18OH2O值为-8.671‰~-5.94‰,结合包裹体成分分析,显示矿床主成矿阶段的成矿热液为大气降水与岩浆水的混合来源.矿床地质特征、流体包裹体的研究结果以及氢氧同位素特征显示,琼库都克矿床为浅成低温热液型矿床.   相似文献   

6.
四川乌斯河铅锌矿床是赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩中的大型铅锌矿床.本次研究结合最新的野外地质现象发现该矿床除存在前人所强调的沉积成矿作用以外,热液成矿作用非常明显.对该矿床流体包裹体进行细致的岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼研究,揭示成矿流体特征,并探讨成矿机制.研究结果显示该矿床包裹体类型较为单一,以气液两相为主,均一温度主要集中于120~260 ℃,平均盐度为10.0% NaCl eqv,压力为32~68 MPa,成矿流体为中-低温、中等盐度.激光拉曼测试显示包裹体气相成分含有CH4、H2S、C2H6、C2H2、N2和NH3,为多元共存的流体体系.在热驱动力下(120~260 ℃),流体混合作用提供了物质基础(SO42-)、催化剂(Mg2+)和还原剂(有机质、CH4和H2S)促使硫酸盐热化学还原反应(TSR)启动.TSR反应过程中流体pH发生变化,进一步促进了金属硫化物沉淀.   相似文献   

7.
青山金矿床是一个赋存于石炭系沉积岩中的中-小微细粒浸染型金矿床.采用原子吸收光谱、气相色谱仪等分析技术,利用地球化学热力学理论,对青山金矿床开展了成矿流体成分分析和热力学计算,解析了该矿床成矿物理化学条件及金的迁移形式和沉淀机制.结果显示,成矿流体呈弱酸性、弱还原性,为重碳酸钙亚型,可大致视为CO2-H2O-NaCl体系,来源于古大气降水,并且后期受到了大气降水的混合.成矿早期流体中的金主要以氯络合物形式[Au（Cl）4]-迁移,主成矿期与晚期流体中金以硫络合物形式[Au（HS）2]-迁移.成矿流体温度、盐度、pH值、Eh值、氧逸度等物理化学条件的变化、后期大气降水的混合、水-岩反应及硫酸盐还原菌是造成本矿床金沉淀的主要因素.  相似文献   

8.
CO2作为岩溶作用的驱动力,在岩溶作用中起着关键作用。岩溶区特有的地上地下二元结构表明,洞穴系统作为地下空间的窗口,对其CO2及δ13CCO2研究是十分必要的。本研究对贵州绥阳麻黄洞上覆土壤空气CO2、洞穴内部和外部大气参数以及CO2浓度和δ13CCO2进行了为期12个月的监测,监测结果表明:（1）麻黄洞洞穴空气和上覆土壤空气CO2与δ13CCO2均呈现出明显的时空变化规律,表现出雨季CO2浓度高、δ13CCO2偏轻,旱季CO2浓度低、δ13CCO2偏重的特征。（2）土壤CO2是内源性CO...  相似文献   

9.
乌日尼图钨钼矿位于内蒙古苏尼特左旗境内,是近几年该区新发现的较大规模的钨钼矿床.钨钼矿体主要产于燕山期花岗岩体的内外接触带附近,以细脉状矿化类型为主.该矿床中的流体包裹体主要发育气液两相、富气相、富液相和纯液相包裹体等类型.包裹体均一温度为130.0~371.7 ℃(峰值为160.0~260.0 ℃),盐度为0.2%~15.9% NaCl eqv(峰值为0.2%~12.5% NaCl eqv),属于中低温、中低盐度钨钼矿床.激光拉曼和群体包裹体成分分析结果表明,流体体系气相成分以H2O、CO2为主,其次为N2、O2以及少量CO、CH4、C2H2、C2H4和C2H6等; 液相成分以Ca2+、Na+、SO42-、Cl-为主,其次为K+、F-、NO3-、Mg2+以及少量Br-和Li+.成矿流体为H2O-NaCl-CO2体系.流体包裹体氢氧同位素分析表明,成矿流体的δ18O水的含量范围为-2.11%~-0.11%,δD水的含量范围为-85%~-108%,成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合物.结合矿床地质和成矿流体特征,认为该矿床为与燕山期岩浆活动有关的中低温热液石英脉型钨钼矿床,成矿物质以深源为主.   相似文献   

10.
重庆雪玉洞洞内CO2浓度之高,在国内外皆罕见,但此洞穴系统碳循环特征及控制因素仍不清楚.利用土壤二氧化碳分压(PCO2-soil)、洞内大气二氧化碳分压(PCO2-cave)、地下河水二氧化碳分压(PCO2-eq)、方解石饱和指数(SIc)、地下河水溶解无机碳同位素(δ13CDIC)等指标来研究雪玉洞洞内CO2浓度变化、控制因素以及地下河对洞内碳循环的影响.结果表明:雪玉洞上覆PCO2-soil雨季高,旱季低;降雨量是控制上覆PCO2-soil的重要因子.雪玉洞PCO2-cave变化规律明显,暖季高,冷季低;温度变化导致洞内外气流频繁交换是PCO2-cave突变的重要原因,地下河水CO2脱气能够在短时间内让PCO2-cave上升到较高值.雨季由于土壤CO2效应,地下河水具有低SIc、高PCO2-eq特性,矿化度较高,并且部分月份地下河水具有溶蚀性;旱季由于土壤CO2效应及降雨较少,地下河水呈现高SIc、低PCO2-eq特性,矿化度较低,以沉积为主.   相似文献   

11.
Abstract: The Bulawan deposit is located in the porphyry copper belt of southwest Negros island, Philippines. Propylitic, K–feldspar, sericitic, and carbonate alteration types can be distinguished in the deposit. Propylite alteration occurs mainly in Cretaceous-Eocene andesitic lavas and agglomerates while K–feldspar, sericite and carbonate alteration types occur mostly in the Middle Miocene dacite porphyry breccia pipes and stocks which were intruded into the andesites. K-feldspar zones occur in the inner parts of the sericitized zone. Sericite alteration overprinted the propylitized and K-feldspar alteration zones, at lower temperature than epidote and chlorite in the propylitized zone. Carbonate alteration is associated with the mineralization in the center of the breccia pipes and along faults. Mineralization consists of gold-silver telluride ores that are hosted by the carbonate– and sericite-altered dacite porphyry breccia pipes. The Bulawan ores occur mainly as disseminations, but unlike many epithermal gold deposits, lack classical epithermal colloform and crustiform quartz veins. The ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and tetrahedite-tennantite with minor amounts of electrum, calaverite, petzite, sylvanite, hessite, tellurobismuthite, coloradoite, altaite, and rucklidgeite. Electrum and telluride minerals are associated mostly with calcite and dolomite-ankerite minerals. Fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite in clasts of propylitized andesite in the breccia pipes homogenize from about 300° to 400°C while fluid inclusions in quartz, calcite and sphalerite within the dacite porphyry breccia pipes homogenize between 300° to 310°C. The ores were formed around 300°C from hydrothermal solutions with salinity of about 6. 6 wt % NaCl equivalent. The presence of sylvanite and calaverite as intergrowths with each other, and the Ag content of calaverite are consistent with the above temperature estimate. Based on paragenesis, the Bulawan deposit formed in a pyrite-stable environment, with pH between 3. 4 and 5. 5, fO2 between 10-32 to 10-30 atm, fS2 between 10-9.8 to 10-7.8 atm, fTe2 between 10-8.9 to 10-6.5 atm, and total sulfur content about 10-2.8 molal. The dominant reduced sulfur species in the ore solutions may have been H2S(aq), and the likely aqueous tellurium species were H2Te(aq) and H2TeO3(aq). The ore minerals in the Bulawan deposit were probably formed by mixing of slightly saline and low salinity fluids.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract. The Yuryang gold deposit, comprising a Te‐bearing Au‐Ag vein mineralization, is located in the Cheonan area of the Republic of Korea. The deposit is hosted in Precambrian gneiss and closely related to pegmatite. The mineralized veins display massive quartz textures, with weak alteration adjacent to the veins. The ore mineralization is simple, with a low Ag/Au ratio of 1.5:1, due to the paucity of Ag‐phases. Ore mineralization took place in two different mineral assemblages with paragenetic time; early Fe‐sulfide mineralization and late Fe‐sulfide and Au‐Te mineralization. The early Fe‐sulfide mineralization (pyrite + sphalerite) occurred typically along the vein margins, and the subsequent Au‐Te mineralization is characterized by fracture fillings of galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, Te‐bearing minerals (petzite, altaite, hessite and Bi‐Te mineral) and electrum. Fluid inclusions characteristically contain CO2 and can be classified into four types (Ia, Ib, IIa and IIb) according to the phase behavior. The pressure corrected temperatures (≥500d?C) indicate that the deposit was formed at a distinctively high temperature from fluids with moderate to low salinity (<12 wt% equiv. NaCl) and CH4 (1?22 mole %). The sphalerite geo‐barometry yield an estimated pressure about 3.5 ?2.1 kbar. The dominant ore‐deposition mechanisms were CO2 effervescence and concomitant H2S volatilization, which triggered sulfidation and gold mineralization. The measured and calculated isotopic compositions of fluids (δ18OH2O = 10.3 to 12.4 %o; δDH2O = ‐52 to ‐77 %o) may indicate that the gold deposition originated from S‐type magmatic waters. The physicochemical conditions observed in the Yuryang gold deposit indicate that the Jurassic gold deposits in the Cheonan area, including the Yuryang gold deposit are compatible with deposition of the intrusion‐related Au‐Te veins from deeply sourced fluids generated by the late Jurassic Daebo magmatism.  相似文献   

13.
Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te2 values ?9 and at log fS2 ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system.  相似文献   

14.
A cervelleite-like mineral, two unnamed silver sulfotellurides in the system Ag-Cu-Te-S [Ag2CuTeS, (Ag,Cu)2TeS], Te-rich polybasite and cadmian tetrahedrite occur in gold-bearing quartz veins in metapelites and faults within brecciated marbles of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit in the Kallianou area (southern Evia Island, Greece). The quartz veins and faults are discordant to syn-metamorphic structures and formed during ductile to brittle deformation in the final stages of exhumation of the Styra Nappe extrusion wedge (~21?Ma). Te-rich polybasite (up to 7.4 wt. % Te), cadmian tetrahedrite (up to 12.4 wt. % Cd), together with electrum (23?C54 wt. % Ag) and the sulfotellurides, are the main silver carriers in the mineralization. The two unnamed sulfotellurides, Ag2CuTeS and (Ag,Cu)2TeS are believed to be new quaternary minerals in the system Ag-Cu-Te-S. These minerals and the cervelleite-like phase could have exsolved from galena during cooling (below 200°C). Initial temperatures for the formation of the sulfotellurides, in the form of hessite-intermediate solid solution, at Kallianou may be up to 300°C under logfS2 values between?~ ?11.5 to ?8.3, and logfTe2 from?~ ?14.8 to ?7.8. The values of logfTe2 and logfS2 during re-equilibration (at ~200°C) were constrained to ?19.5 to ?15.2 and to ?15.8 to ?11.5 respectively.  相似文献   

15.
Ore mineralization and wall rock alteration of Crater Mountain gold deposit, Papua New Guinea, were investigated using ore and host rock samples from drill holes for ore and alteration mineralogical study. The host rocks of the deposit are quartz‐feldspar porphyry, feldspar‐hornblende porphyry, andesitic volcanics and pyroclastics, and basaltic‐andesitic tuff. The main ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and moderate amounts of tetrahedrite, tennantite, pyrrhotite, bornite and enargite. Small amounts of enargite, tetradymite, altaite, heyrovskyite, bismuthinite, bornite, idaite, cubanite, native gold, CuPbS2, an unidentified Bi‐Te‐S mineral and argentopyrite occur as inclusions mainly in pyrite veins and grains. Native gold occurs significantly in the As‐rich pyrite veins in volcanic units, and coexists with Bi‐Te‐S mineral species and rarely with chalcopyrite and cubanite relics. Four mineralization stages were recognized based on the observations of ore textures. Stage I is characterized by quartz‐sericite‐calcite alteration with trace pyrite and chalcopyrite in the monomict diatreme breccias; Stage II is defined by the crystallization of pyrite and by weak quartz‐chlorite‐sericite‐calcite alteration; Stage III is a major ore formation episode where sulfides deposited as disseminated grains and veins that host native gold, and is divided into three sub‐stages; Stage IV is characterized by predominant carbonitization. Gold mineralization occurred in the sub‐stages 2 and 3 in Stage III. The fS2 is considered to have decreased from ～10?2 to 10?14 atm with decreasing temperature of fluid.  相似文献   

16.
The Mavrokoryfi Cu?CAg?CAu?CTe prospect, northeastern Greece, consists of atypical, high-sulfidation mineralization where precious metals were introduced contemporaneously with advanced argillic alteration from magmatic vapors. It occurs as veins of massive sulfides in zones of silicic and advanced argillic alteration spatially associated with an andesitic lava dome and hyaloclastites. Mineralogical data demonstrate an unusual ore and gangue mineralogy that is compatible with formation under very oxidizing conditions (logfO2 values of >?31.8) at temperatures of 200°C to 250°C. Oxidizing conditions favored the formation of hypogene lead sulfates (anglesite and barian celestite) instead of galena. Selenian acanthite, cadmian freibergite, and argentian goldfieldite are the main carriers of silver in the deposit and are reported in Greece for the first time. They were deposited at logfS2 of ?9 to ?7 and logfTe2 values of ?9 to ?12.5 (250°C). Ag-poor goldfieldite at Mavrokoryfi has up to 3.7 apfu Te and is the most Te-rich goldfieldite yet reported. The mineralization is accompanied by aluminum?Cphosphate?Csulfate minerals of magmatic-hydrothermal origin and an unusual Pb-enrichment. Ore-forming components were likely derived from andesite porphyries.  相似文献   

17.
鸡笼山矽卡岩型金铜矿床是长江中下游成矿带典型的矽卡岩矿床,矿体主要赋存于下三叠统大冶组碳酸盐岩与花岗闪长斑岩接触带内。根据野外观察和镜下鉴定,将成矿过程划分为进矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段,其中石英-硫化物阶段为金和铜的主要成矿阶段。鸡笼山金铜矿床中不同类型矿石的矿相学观察和电子探针微区成分分析(EPMA)表明,金、银主要以自然金、银金矿、碲银矿、硫银铋矿等形式产出,主要载金矿物为黄铜矿和黄铁矿;同时发现鸡笼山金铜矿床中发育大量碲-铋矿物(如辉碲铋矿、针硫铋铅矿等)。成矿流体物理化学性质研究表明,鸡笼山金铜矿床中金银元素在高温热液中主要以氯络合物的形式运移,随着温度降低和流体进一步的演化,金银元素转变为以硫络合物、碲铋化物熔体等形式运移。在石英-硫化物阶段,由于硫化作用与流体的沸腾作用,流体中硫逸度降低,碲逸度升高;当流体处于黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿氧逸度范围、酸碱性呈中性-弱碱性、碲逸度(logf_(Te2))为-10.7~-8.4、硫逸度(logf_(S_2))为-11.4~-10.6时,金、银、铜元素近于同时沉淀,碲、铋和砷元素对金和银元素运移和富集起到了重要作用,最终形成了鸡笼山矽卡岩型金铜矿床。  相似文献   

18.
Auriferous quartz veins are known to exist in more than two dozen prospects, encompassing an area of 500 km2 northward from Serrita township (state of Pernambuco) in northeastern Brazil. Gold-bearing veins occur either with a strike of 70° to 110°, crosscutting muscovite schists of the Middle Proterozoic Salgueiro Group, or with a strike of 330° in granodiorite intrusions in the same schists. Small amounts of pyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite commonly are observed. Sericite, chlorite, and epidote are the most common wall-rock alteration products.

Fluid inclusions were studied in samples of mineralized quartz veins from the Barra Verde III prospect in a small granodiorite body, and from the Ingá, Saburá, and Riacho do Meio prospects in the Salgueiro schists. Some samples of barren quartz veins also were studied for comparison.

Primary and pseudosecondary inclusions in the mineralized veins are triphasic or biphasic aqueous-carbonic at room temperature. The wide range of the CO2/H2O volume ratio (between 2:1 and 1:3) in a single group or trail suggests the coexistence of two immiscible fluids during the penecontemporaneous processes of quartz crystallization, deformation, mineralization, and recrystallization. Total homogenization of these inclusions beginning at 290° to 310°C and 1.3 to 1.8 kbar provides the trapping conditions of the heterogeneous, effervescent fluid. CO2 melting temperatures of ～?57° to °59°C indicate low CH4 or N2 contents. Clathrate melting close to 6.3°C indicates a low salinity of ～6.9% NaCl equiv. In addition, the low CH4 content of the fluid in equilibrium with sulfides and alteration minerals suggests an oxygen fugacity between 10?30 and 10?27, a total sulfur activity of 10?2 to 10°, and a neutral pH of ～5.  相似文献   

19.
The Betam gold deposit, located in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt, is related to a series of milky quartz veins along a NNW-trending shear zone, cutting through pelitic metasedimentary rocks and small masses of pink granite. This shear zone, along with a system of discrete shear and fault zones, was developed late in the deformation history of the area. Although slightly sheared and boudinaged within the shear zone, the auriferous quartz veins are characterised by irregular walls with a steeply plunging ridge-in-groove lineation. Shear geometry of rootless intra-folial folds and asymmetrical strain shadows around the quartz lenses suggests that vein emplacement took place under a brittle–ductile shear regime, clearly post-dating the amphibolite-facies regional metamorphism. Hydrothermal alteration is pervasive in the wallrock metapelites and granite including sericitisation, silicification, sulphidisation and minor carbonatisation. Ore mineralogy includes pyrite, arsenopyrite and subordinate galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and gold. Gold occurs in the quartz veins and adjacent wallrocks as inclusions in pyrite and arsenopyrite, blebs and globules associated with galena, fracture fillings in deformed arsenopyrite or as thin, wire-like rims within or around rhythmic goethite. Presence of refractory gold in arsenopyrite and pyrite is inferred from microprobe analyses. Clustered and intra-granular trail-bound aqueous–carbonic (LCO2 + Laq ± VCO2) inclusions are common in cores of the less deformed quartz crystals, whereas carbonic (LCO2 ± VCO2) and aqueous H2O–NaCl (L + V) inclusions occur along inter-granular and trans-granular trails. Clathrate melting temperatures indicate low salinities of the fluid (3–8 wt.% NaCl eq.). Homogenisation temperatures of the aqueous–carbonic inclusions range between 297 and 323°C, slightly higher than those of the intra-granular and inter-granular aqueous inclusions (263–304°C), which are likely formed during grain boundary migration. Homogenisation temperatures of the trans-granular H2O–NaCl inclusions are much lower (130–221°C), implying different fluids late in the shear zone formation. Fluid densities calculated from aqueous–carbonic inclusions along a single trail are between 0.88 and 0.98 g/cm3, and the resulting isochores suggest trapping pressures of 2–2.6 kbar. Based on the arsenopyrite–pyrite–pyrrhotite cotectic, arsenopyrite (30.4–30.7 wt.% As) associated with gold inclusions indicates a temperature range of 325–344°C. This ore paragenesis constrains f S2 to the range of 10−10 to 10−8.5 bar. Under such conditions, gold was likely transported mainly as bisulphide complexes by low salinity aqueous–carbonic fluids and precipitated because of variations in pH and f O2 through pressure fluctuation and CO2 effervescence as the ore fluids infiltrated the shear zone, along with precipitation of carbonate and sericite. Wallrock sulphidation also likely contributed to destabilising the gold–bisulphide complexes and precipitating gold in the hydrothermal alteration zone adjacent to the mineralised quartz veins.  相似文献   

20.
Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization at the Wunugetu porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, China, include four stages, i.e., the early stage characterized by quartz, K-feldspar and minor mineralization, followed by a molybdenum mineralization stage associated with potassic alteration, copper mineralization associated with sericitization, and the last Pb–Zn mineralization stage associated with carbonation. Hydrothermal quartz contains three types of fluid inclusions, namely aqueous (W-type), daughter mineral-bearing (S-type) and CO2-rich (C-type) inclusion, with the latter two types absent in the late stage. Fluid inclusions in the early stage display homogenization temperatures above 510°C, with salinities up to 75.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The presence of S-type inclusions containing anhydrite and hematite daughter minerals and C-type inclusions indicates an oxidizing, CO2-bearing environment. Fluid inclusions in the Mo- and Cu-mineralization stages yield homogenization temperatures of 342–508°C and 241–336°C, and salinities of 8.6–49.4 and 6.3–35.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The presence of chalcopyrite instead of hematite and anhydrite daughter minerals in S-type inclusions indicates a decreasing of oxygen fugacity. In the late stage, fluid inclusions yield homogenization temperatures of 115–234°C and salinities lower than 12.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent. It is concluded that the early stage fluids were CO2 bearing, magmatic in origin, and characterized by high temperature, high salinity, and high oxygen fugacity. Phase separation occurred during the Mo- and Cu-mineralization stages, resulting in CO2 release, oxygen fugacity decrease and rapid precipitation of sulfides. The late-stage fluids were meteoric in origin and characterized by low temperature, low salinity, and CO2 poor.  相似文献   

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