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针对中深部（1 500~4 000 m）地热资源深井同轴“保水取热”科学评价问题,以COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场耦合数值计算软件为模拟平台,构建垂直单井岩-水耦合传热模型,以西安地区地层与地温特征为模拟背景,计算分析2种地温梯度（0.027、0.030℃/m）与4种注水口流速（0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00 m/s）工况下深层（3 500 m）地热单井套管换热能力。同时,建立5种井间距下的群井数值模型,分析不同井间距下群井中心井的出口温度变化规律。模拟结果显示:地温梯度越大,进出口温差越大,单位时间换热量与单位延米换热量越大;入口注水流速越大,进出口温差越小,但单位时间换热量与单位延米换热量越大,即地温梯度、流速越大,深层垂直钻孔套管换热的效率越高;西安地区3 500 m井深工况下,相邻地热井的间距为30 m时能够保证其地层温度不会相互干扰。研究结论可为深层地热开发利用提供科学参考。移动阅读 相似文献
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积极推进中深层地热能供暖技术,是践行国家碳达峰碳中和“双碳”目标的重要举措。中深层同轴套管式换热系统可避免对地下水资源和环境造成损害,且影响要素之间存在着复杂的非线性相互作用。基于中深层同轴套管式换热器的理论分析和数学描述,建立地热井分层换热模型,并验证其可靠性;以陕西关中盆地某中深层地热井为依托,采用数值模拟方法对各项因素影响下的地热井换热性能及连续运行过程的取热能力进行系统分析。结果表明：采用均质模型、分层模型计算地热井出水温度与实测值最大相对误差分别为14.08%、11.50%,平均误差分别为7.29%、6.93%,分层模型较均质模型具有较高的计算精度;影响因素中地热井深度、地温梯度及地层导热系数对取热功率影响最为显著,在一定程度上取热功率与地温梯度、进水温度、内管导热系数基本呈线性关系,且固井材料导热系数对传热过程具有热阻效应;中深层地热井取热量随运行年限的增加而降低,前5个供暖季取热量降幅较大,之后取热量降幅减缓,经过50个供暖季,年平均取热功率下降15.59%,将地温下降值超过1℃视为地温场受到影响,地温场平均受影响半径约为65 m,此外,由于地层的差异性,地热井周围地层温... 相似文献
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中深层地热单井换热是一种"取热不取水"开发地热能的技术,该技术具有不破坏地下水环境、取热量大等优势,但目前就深度3 000 m以上的单井换热数值计算研究较少,本文针对西安地区地热地质条件,采用数值法计算了不同井型结构（L型定向井、丛式定向井）的中深层地热单井在连续运行一个采暖季情景下的换热量。计算结果表明:同一流速及地温梯度下,在系统连续运行120 d后,L型定向井的出口温度、单位时间取热量及延米取热量高于丛式定向井;同一流速下,地温梯度越大其出口温度越高,单位时间取热量及延米取热量也越大;同一地温梯度下,流速越大其出口温度越低,单位时间取热量及延米取热量越大。丛式定向井井斜30°的出口温度、单位时间取热量及延米取热量高于井斜45°,随着流速的增加,两种井斜下的出口温度、单位时间取热量及延米取热量的差异逐渐减小。从出口温度、单位时间取热量及延米取热量角度考虑,L型定向井的换热效率优于丛式定向井;从钻井施工的难易程度角度考虑,丛式定向井优于L型定向井;丛式定向井的两种井斜结构中,井斜30°的丛式定向井优于井斜45°。所得不同工况的计算结果,可为中深层地热的开发与利用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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中深层地热井下同轴换热器具有取热量大、出口水温高的特点,近年来受到供热行业的高度关注。目前的研究主要是对单个供热周期内的中深层地热井下同轴换热器的换热性能进行分析,缺乏对其长期换热性能的相关研究。本文根据中深层地热井下同轴换热器供暖季供热、非供暖季停歇运行的特点,基于能量守恒方程建立换热器的数值换热模型,并采用有限体积法对模型进行离散,通过Matlab平台数值分析其在长期运行过程中换热性能的变化规律。结果表明:换热器的换热性能随着运行年份逐渐下降,且下降程度逐年减小,最终达到准稳态。其中,次年平均换热量的下降比例最大,且换热器埋深越大,换热量的下降比例越小。埋深为2 000、2 500、3 000 m换热器的次年平均换热量的下降比例依次为4.00%,3.78%和3.56%,第30年的平均换热量较第1年分别下降13.7%、13.1%、12.4%。岩体温度逐年下降,其受干扰半径逐年增加。在30 a运行期间,埋深2 000 m的换热器在每年供热季结束时的岩体温度受干扰半径从13 m增加至105 m。此外,换热器深度越大,其周围岩体温度受干扰半径越大。本研究结果阐明了中深层地热井下同轴换热器在长期取热过程中换热性能的变化规律,对换热器长期取热的设计具有指导意义。 相似文献
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利用北京市35个现场换热孔岩土热响应试验数据,分析了地质条件和埋管形式对地埋管换热器换热性能的影响。研究结果表明地质条件对地埋管换热性能具有显著影响:地层初始平均温度每变化1℃,换热能力相差8%左右;基岩地层的地埋管换热能力平均比松散层高35%;换热孔处地下水流速从0.14 m/d增至0.91 m/d, Pe值从18增加至113,由于热对流换热作用加强,延米换热量提升13%。在相同地质条件下,套管式换热器冬季延米取热量比双U型换热器高约40%;换热深度从150 m增加至300 m时,双U型和套管式换热器延米取热量均略有升高。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2019,(6)
关中盆地中深层地热资源丰富,为关中地区冬季供暖提供了保障。作为深层能地热开发利用的示范项目,首次在西安凹陷中施工了2 000m以深的两对U型对接井,对接井水平段长200m,形成了闭式地埋管换热器,且静置时间超过2年,能够反映初始地温。地层初始地温是深层地热井换热能力计算关键参数,高精度的测量可保证数据的可靠性。利用进口直读式热电偶测温探头,对上述2组对接井(4口)初始地层温度进行了测量,并利用线性回归的方法计算了地温梯度。结果显示,在垂向上和平面上,4口井地温都表现出高度的重合性,显示区内对接井地温和地下流场稳定,地热能开采潜力大; 4口地热井单井地温梯度变化范围为3. 45～3. 47℃/hm,平均3. 46±0. 01℃/hm,地温梯度异常是由于关中盆地地壳厚度较薄,以及相对高的地幔热流的热传导和深大断裂沟通的水体热对流相互叠加造成的;蓝田-灞河组分布稳定、富水性好、渗透率高和导热性强,为区域稳定的热储层,根据地温和地温梯度的变化规律,建议区内对接井对接层段为1 866m以深的蓝田-灞河组,以保证最大的换热效率和持续稳定的热源;通过测井资料验证,对接井在1 500～1 600m存在地温异常,与地层地下水活动和地层含砂量高相关。 相似文献
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雄安新区地热资源丰富,本文通过对地热井资料的收集分析,并对单井地温梯度值进行计算,结合区域资料,编制本区盖层地温梯度等值线图,并分析了地温梯度值纵横向变化规律及影响因素。本区地温梯度值基本上都在3.0℃/100m以上,局部达到6.0℃/100m;平面上,地温梯度值总体特征是北高南低、中间高两侧低的特点;纵向上,盖层地温梯度值高,热储层内部地温梯度值低;其地温场的变化主要受地质构造、地层岩性、盖层、水文地质条件等因素控制,其中由于地质构造的影响,加上岩石热导率之间的差异,造成来自地幔的热量向上传递过程中重新分配,向背斜核部集中,导致盖层局部地温梯度值高。 相似文献
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中深层套管式换热器的热提取具有“取热不取水”的特点,是我国北方地区稳妥推进中深层地热能供暖的重要技术之一。针对当前中深层套管式换热器在长期热提取期间供热性能不明的问题,本文基于可持续供热的运行特点,建立数值换热模型分析换热器水温、性能系数随运行年份的变化规律,并针对性地开展设计优化研究。结果表明:在可持续供热过程中,换热器水温在前5年的下降程度较为明显,运行至20年以后,基本不发生变化。换热器季节性能系数的下降程度受岩土体导热系数的影响较大,在1.5 W/(m·K)条件下的SPF1、SPF2分别下降11.50%和10.56%,在3.0 W/(m·K)条件下的SPF1、SPF2则分别下降4.73%和4.23%。岩土体导热系数越小,换热器供热性能的下降程度越明显。基于可持续供热性能的变化规律,提出以“准稳态特征年”的供热性能为基准进行设计,并综合考虑运行要求与节能性要求优化换热器的运行条件,明确了在不同地热特征参数、埋管深度下的最优运行流速与最佳供热负荷的分布情况,对中深层套管式换热器的高效可持续供热设... 相似文献
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中深层同轴地埋管地热供热技术在我国北方城镇供热领域兴起并广泛应用。陕北地区地热资源丰富,但地温梯度略低且岩土热物性参数特性不同,地质参数影响中深层同轴地埋管的取热性能。采用OpenGeoSys开源数值模拟平台建立三维中深层同轴地埋管耦合地层传热计算模型,并基于陕北地区典型地质参数,研究不同设计参数对中深层同轴地埋管取热性能的影响及全生命周期技术经济性,优选出地热工程最佳工艺参数。结果表明,中深层同轴地埋管的外管径与埋深增大均能提升取热能力。相较于外管径,埋深对取热能力的提升效果更为显著,埋深从2 500 m增加到3 500 m,取热量增加了77.3%。依据工程实践,当外管外径×厚度大于177.80 mm×9.19 mm时所对应的平均能源成本因其钻井成本陡增而增大。在给定工况参数下,推荐中深层同轴地埋管的最佳外管外径×厚度为177.80 mm×9.19 mm,埋深为3 200 m,此时平均能源成本为0.524元/(kW·h),经济效益最优。 相似文献
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This study aims to model temperature distributions in an aquifer thermal extraction (ATE) system that contains a single extraction well in a thin confined aquifer. The aquifer is bounded by hot dry rocks with different thermomechanical properties and thicknesses. Based on the heat convection–conduction equation, a mathematical model is developed to describe the spatial and temporal temperature distributions of the ATE systems. The mechanisms of heat transfer in the model involve horizontal convection and thermal conduction in the aquifer, and vertical thermal conduction in both rocks. A semi‐analytical solution in dimensionless form is developed using the Laplace transform technique and its corresponding time‐domain result is computed by the modified Crump method. In addition, the steady‐state solution is obtained by applying the final value theorem. The simulation results from the semi‐analytical solution indicate that the aquifer temperature distributions are affected by aquifer thickness, the thermomechanical properties of the aquifer and rocks, geothermal gradient, outer boundary temperatures of the rocks, extraction rate, and operating time. The present solution can be used as a preliminary tool for assessing heat extraction efficiency in ATE systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
套管式地埋管换热器是深层地源热泵系统常用的换热装置。基于流体流动换热方程,建立套管式地埋管换热器与周围岩体之间的传热模型。以第一个供暖季为例,分析内管导热系数和循环水流量对换热性能的影响,并引入换热器效能对热短路现象进行评估,研究结果显示:内管导热系数越大,热短路现象越显著;热短路使内外管中循环水温差降低,管内出现热堆积,导致换热器换热功率降低;套管式地埋管换热器的换热功率随循环水流量的增大逐渐增大;内外管之间存在热短路时,出口水温随循环水流量的增大先升高后降低,随着流量增大,换热器效能增大。研究成果可为深层地源热泵系统中地埋管换热器的设计提供借鉴。 相似文献
13.
Energy piles are bi-functional foundation elements used as structural support as well as ground heat exchangers for shallow geothermal energy systems. Because they are relatively short, energy piles may be partially embedded in unsaturated soils. Saturation conditions influence the thermal properties of the ground and therefore the heat exchange rate, which in turn affects the efficiency of energy piles. This paper combines analytical, experimental and numerical investigations to evaluate the heat exchange rate of energy piles partially or fully embedded in unsaturated soils. The proposed analytical solution is based on the cylindrical heat source theory that treats the soil as a semi-infinite, homogeneous, and isotropic medium. The solution from this theory is multiplied by a function developed analytically in this paper and the outcome is the heat exchange rate for energy piles in unsaturated soils. The proposed function depends on soil saturation, soil and pile thermal properties, and pile geometry. The analytical solution was compared against a finite element solution; which was in turn validated against results from laboratory experiments. Very satisfactory agreements between the analytical, numerical and experimental outputs were observed. The proposed method can be used for a quick and simple evaluation of the efficiency of energy piles in unsaturated conditions. The proposed analytical solution can also be a useful tool for the verification of numerical codes developed for the design of energy piles in unsaturated soils. 相似文献
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The heat flow content in vitrinite reflectance (VR) observations is studied based on a simple model of burial at a constant
rate. The model is made dimensionless, and it has just one parameter except for the paleo heat flow. The question of existence
and uniqueness of a solution is studied, and there exist in general no paleo heat flow that will reproduce a given VR-depth
curve. But a solution is unique if it exists. A computed VR-depth function is shown to be smooth, even for piecewise constant
heat flow histories. The paleo heat flow can be obtained from a VR-depth function after two times with derivations. It is
also shown how the present day thermal gradient can be obtained by derivation of a VR-depth representation. The one-parameter
model allows for approximate expressions for the optimal paleo heat flow as a step function. The results obtained from the
one-parameter model is also compared with similar results from a real case study from the North Sea using a state-of-the-art
basin simulator. 相似文献
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介绍了郑州市东区深层地热的特征,把深层地热资源划分为三层：埋藏深度320～850 m的第一地热储层,热储岩性为新近系中细砂层,热储平均厚度1553 m。热储温度33°C,地温梯度2.5～3.5°C/100 m。埋藏深度850～1 200m的第二热储层储岩性为新近系细砂、中细砂层,热储总厚度86～187m,热储温度45°... 相似文献
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The backfilling materials of borehole heat exchangers (BHE), particularly the grout material, must provide a suitable thermal contact and ensure durability to the induced thermal stresses because of the heat loading. In this paper, the thermal stresses that occurred in BHEs because of heat injection or extraction is investigated with an analytical solution of a hollow cylinder model that is adapted for time‐dependent heat loading, the geometry of a BHE, and the thermo‐mechanical properties of surrounding ground conditions. Firstly, the hollow cylinder model is solved with the considered boundary conditions in 2D plane stress. Secondly, the temperature differences at the inner and outer circles of the cylinder are evaluated with the heat line source models for continuous and discontinuous loading to observe the impact of the heat loading schedule. The developed analytical solution for thermal stress investigation is validated with numerical models. It is demonstrated that the analytical solutions agree well with numerical results for two types of BHE configurations (co‐axial and single U‐shaped pipes). Furthermore, the calculated maximum stresses are compared with the tensile strength of grout materials obtained from Brazilian tests. It is predicted that the thermal contraction of the grout, partially constrained by the surrounding rock, generates tensile stresses that may lead to cracking in the BHE. According to the results, the stiffness of rock has a primary role on the developed tensile stresses, and the relationship between the thermal conductivity of the ground and of the grout induces a proportional impact on the magnitude of thermal stresses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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针对高放射核废深地质处置库近场环境,建立分布热源作用下饱和裂隙岩体三维水流-传热过程中位移和应力的一种半解析计算方法：采用Goodier热弹性位移势和Laplace变换计算由温度梯度产生的温梯位移和应力;考虑单一裂隙的情况,利用经典弹性力学的Boussinesq解和Cerruti解计算为满足边界条件的约束位移和应力,与温梯位移和应力叠加,可得总体热位移和应力;把裂隙面离散为矩形单元集合,采用极坐标系下的解析法计算包含奇点的单元积分,采用数值法计算与分布热源有关和不含奇点的单元积分。与基于裂隙面法向一维热传导假设的一种解析解对比,结果表明,半解析法与解析法的计算结果基本一致,但由于半解析法考虑岩石的三维热传导,因温度时空分布和演变的不同而导致不同的温梯应力。针对一个假想单裂隙岩体三维水流-传热过程,计算温梯位移和应力、约束位移和应力、总体位移和应力;结果表明,裂隙水流-传热可能对位移和应力的分布和演变有显著影响,距离分布热源较近的岩石因升温膨胀受到约束而出现压应力,而距离分布热源较远的岩石则可能因协调收缩受到约束而出现拉应力。 相似文献
19.
济阳坳陷地幔热流和深部温度 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
济阳坳陷深部地热状况对于分析岩石圈深部结构特征、探索该盆地形成和演化的地球动力学过程具有重要意义.依据济阳坳陷最新的钻探资料和深部地球物理探测结果, 按沉积盖层、上、中、下地壳4层结构, 建立了分别代表该区凹陷部位和凸起及斜坡带上的2种地壳结构模型.通过多道能谱分析, 测试了区内4 3块岩心样品的放射性元素U、Th、40K含量, 统计得出了济阳坳陷沉积盖层的平均生热率为(1.40±0.26) μW/m3.在研究大地热流分布的基础上, 结合济阳坳陷地壳各岩层放射性生热率, 采用“剥层”法, 从地表开始, 由浅到深逐步扣除各层段所提供的热量, 得到了济阳坳陷的地幔热流.并且采用相似的方法, 利用一维稳态热传导方程, 分析了地壳上地幔顶部的温度状况.结果表明, 济阳坳陷的地幔热流约为38.4~39.2 mW/m2, 占整个地表总热流量的5 8%;地幔顶部温度约为602~636℃.与世界上其他各类地质构造单元相比, 济阳坳陷无论是地幔热流值或其与地表热流之比值都是比较高的, 其深部地热状态具有介于稳定地区和构造活动区之间的特点. 相似文献
20.
In this paper the effect of transient uplift/erosion on the relationship between surface heat flow and heat generation for
truncated exponential model of radiogenic heat source distribution and basal asthenospheric convection is investigated. Asthenospheric
convection is described by a parameterized model, in the form of a nonlinear heat flux boundary condition involving basal
temperature and mantle internal temperature. This boundary condition has been linearized and the analytical solution of the
problem is obtained by the eigenvalue-eigenfunction expansion method. The analytical solution is used to derive the nature
of surface heat flow and heat generation relationship. The results show that the linear relationship is maintained during
the uplift/erosion and the estimates of the slope of the linear relationship are different from the depth scale of the exponential
model and increase with the rate of uplift/erosion. The estimates of the reduced heat flow also increase with the rate of
uplift/erosion. These results would find applications in the interpretation of linear surface heat flow and heat generation
relationship which is observed in different tectonic environment. 相似文献