共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(1)
孔隙度是地质勘探、储层评价及产能预测的重要基础参数.本文利用理想岩心和对实际岩样图像进行数字图像处理建立数字岩心,在此基础上进行二雏超声波数值模拟计算,开展孔洞型储层孔隙度预测研究.研究表明:wyllie平均时间公式在孔洞型地层中并非完全不适用,其适用性由孔洞尺寸及孔洞密度共同控制;当孔密度为0.08~0.064(个/mm~2)时实测孔隙度-波速关系背离wyllie理论计算值,当孔密度大于0.096(个/mm~2)时实测孔隙度-波速的关系趋近wyllie计算值;定孔隙度时,孔隙密度-品质因数呈Q~(-1)=aln(ρ)+b对数规律变化;定孔隙密度时,孔隙度-品质因数呈φ=aQ~(-1)+b线性规律变化,预测模型的系数直接受到孔隙密度的影响,孔隙密度越大则b值越大. 相似文献
2.
利用高压三轴容器,对华北地区九种典型岩石的密度和弹性波速度随压力的变化关系进行了实验研究。实验的最高压力达到10,500巴。实验中利用电阻应变片测量岩石的体积变化从而得到密度的变化。用高频脉冲法测量了弹性波速度。由得到的密度参数和波速参数计算出高压下岩石的声阻抗。根据体应变和波速随压力变化的曲线估算了岩石的体积模量,裂纹孔隙度,裂纹闭合压力,波速达到稳定变化时的压力以及波速达到稳定变化时的值与常压下的波速值的差。对这些参数在地学及爆破工程上的应用进行了简单的讨论。 相似文献
3.
4.
二氧化碳地质封存是减少温室气体排放和减缓温室效应的重要手段.二氧化碳封存的一个重要组成部分是地震监测,即用地震的方法监测封存后的二氧化碳的分布变化.为了实现这个目标,需要建立储层参数与地震性质之间的关系(岩石物理模型)和从地震监测数据中反演获得储层流体的饱和度等参数.首先,本文以Biot理论为基础,结合多相流模型研究了多个物理参数(孔隙度、二氧化碳饱和度、温度和压力等)对同时含有二氧化碳和水的孔隙介质的波速和衰减等属性的影响.结果表明:孔隙度和二氧化碳饱和度对岩石的频散和衰减属性影响强烈,而温度和压力通过孔隙流体性质对岩石的波速产生影响.然后,本文基于含多相流的Biot理论,应用抗干扰能力强、且具有更好的局部搜索能力和抗早熟能力的自适应杂交遗传算法对实际数据进行了反演研究.对岩心实验数据的反演研究表明了算法的有效性,而且表明含多相流的Biot理论能够很好地解释水和二氧化碳饱和岩石的波速特征.最后,我们将自适应杂交遗传算法应用于实际封存项目的地震监测数据,获得了封存后不同时期的二氧化碳饱和度,达到了用地震方法监测二氧化碳分布的目的. 相似文献
5.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(3)
双相介质储层的物性参数对地震勘探技术和油气田的开发具有十分重要的意义,由于人造岩心样品具有实验参数可控、性能稳定、重复性好等特点,被广泛应用于地震物理模拟的相关研究.本文对采用石英砂和环氧树脂胶结成型的双相介质人造岩心样品进行了测试分析,主要研究了样品孔隙度及含水饱和度对其声学特性的影响,尤其是讨论了含水饱和度变化对双相介质人造岩心纵、横波速度和弹性参数的影响.实验结果表明,当双相介质人造岩心样品孔隙度小于10%时,纵波波速会随样品含水饱和度的增加而呈现上升趋势;当样品孔隙度介于10%至25%之间时,纵波波速呈现出加速线性上升的趋势;当样品孔隙度大于25%时,纵波波速会先下降,在含水饱和度在0.4~0.5时达到最低值,然后开始上升,逐渐恢复到比含水饱和度为0时略高的范围,而其横波速度随含水饱和度增加未出现明显变化.通过对比双相介质人造岩心饱水前后弹性模量的变化特征,发现泊松比ν是弹性参数中识别流体最敏感的指示因子. 相似文献
6.
本文在实验室中对四组来自不同地区的致密砂岩和页岩的波速和波速各向异性开展了研究.结合扫描电镜分析和波速应力敏感性测试,分析了引起致密砂岩和页岩各向异性的主要影响因素及规律.研究结果:(1)层理和微裂隙是引起致密砂岩各向异性的主要影响因素,而页岩的各向异性主要由定向发育的矿物成分导致,本研究中所用的致密砂岩各向异性强于页岩的各向异性.(2)平行地层方向的岩石波速高于垂直地层方向的岩石波速,超声波速随着应力增加而增加(3)波速各向异性随应力的变化分为两阶段,第一阶段随应力增加而减弱的应力各向异性,与定向排列的微裂隙相关.第二阶段随应力不再发生变化的材料各向异性,与基质中的矿物成分相关.(4)利用体积应变获得的裂隙孔隙度,以及矿物成分含量验证了这两类各向异性,应力各向异性与裂隙密度成正比,材料各向异性与黏土矿物含量线性相关.(5)根据波速各向异性随应力变化的两阶段,可以定量区分裂隙和基质(矿物)对岩石各向异性的影响,研究结果对体积压裂的裂缝扩展具有重要的意义. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
基于等效介质理论分析川中低孔砂岩的骨架结构分析(英文) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
川中广安地区的致密含气砂岩储层具有分布广,丰度低的特点。采自该地区的砂岩样本孔隙度普遍偏低,孔隙连通性差。本文采用Mori-Tanaka模型分析致密砂岩样本的波速观测数据,基于理论与实验分析,给出了该地区砂岩骨架的物理模型。通过经验关系获取基质模量,将实验数据与Mori-Tanaka模型在不同孔隙形态时的预测值进行对比,结果显示实验数据与低纵横比的软孔模型比较接近。综合考虑基质模量和孔隙形态变化的影响,分析表明在矿物成分变化不大的情况下,样本的等效孔隙纵横比随孔隙度增加有上升的趋势。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
The shape and location of clay within sandstones have a large impact on the P‐wave and S‐wave velocities of the rock. They also have a large effect on reservoir properties and the interpretation of those properties from seismic data and well logs. Numerical models of different distributions of clay – structural, laminar and dispersed clay – can lead to an understanding of these effects. Clay which is located between quartz grains, structural clay, will reduce the P‐wave and S‐wave velocities of the rock. If the clay particles become aligned or form layers, the velocities perpendicular to the alignment will be reduced further. S‐wave velocities decrease more rapidly than P‐wave velocities with increasing clay content, and therefore Poisson's ratios will increase as the velocities decrease. These effects are more pronounced for compacted sandstones. Small amounts of clay that are located in the pore space will have little effect on the P‐wave velocity due to the competing influence of the density effect and pore‐fluid stiffening. The S‐wave velocity will decrease due to the density effect and thus the Poisson's ratio will increase. When there is sufficient clay to bridge the gaps between the quartz grains, P‐wave and S‐wave velocities rise rapidly and the Poisson's ratios decrease. These effects are more pronounced for under‐compacted sandstones. These general results are only slightly modified when the intrinsic anisotropy of the clay material is taken into account. Numerical models indicate that there is a strong, nearly linear relationship between P‐wave and S‐wave velocity which is almost independent of clay distribution. S‐wave velocities can be predicted reasonably accurately from P‐wave velocities based on empirical relationships. However, this does not provide any connection between the elastic and petrophysical properties of the rocks. Numerical modelling offers this connection but requires the inclusion of clay distribution and anisotropy to provide a model that is consistent with both the elastic and petrophysical properties. If clay distribution is ignored, predicting porosities from P‐wave or S‐wave data, for example, can result in large errors. Estimation of the clay distribution from P‐wave and S‐wave velocities requires good estimates of the porosity and clay volume and verification from petrographic analyses of core or cuttings. For a real data example, numerical models of the elastic properties suggest the predominance of dispersed clay in a fluvial sand from matching P‐wave and S‐wave velocity well log data using log‐based estimates of the clay volume and porosity. This is consistent with an interpretation of other log data. 相似文献
13.
华北地区剪切波速与深度之间统计关系的通用模型特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
剪切波速是区别土动力学和静力学的重要参数,其影响因素包括土层埋深、颗粒形状、颗粒比重、压缩模量、孔隙比、含水率和密度等,其中土层埋深对剪切波速的变化影响较大。本文搜集整理了华北地区10个城市的928个钻孔共10703个测点的剪切波速与土层埋深之间的经验统计关系,探讨华北地区剪切波速随深度变化的特征,并从岩性条件、沉积环境等方面分析其原因。通过对比分析,给出了华北地区黏性土和砂类土剪切波速随深度变化的最佳拟合经验统计关系,并进行实例验证,所得结果可为缺乏数据的区域提供一定参考。 相似文献
14.
We measured in the laboratory ultrasonic compressional and shear‐wave velocity and attenuation (0.7–1.0 MHz) and low‐frequency (2 Hz) electrical resistivity on 63 sandstone samples with a wide range of petrophysical properties to study the influence of reservoir porosity, permeability and clay content on the joint elastic‐electrical properties of reservoir sandstones. P‐ and S‐wave velocities were found to be linearly correlated with apparent electrical formation factor on a semi‐logarithmic scale for both clean and clay‐rich sandstones; P‐ and S‐wave attenuations showed a bell‐shaped correlation (partial for S‐waves) with apparent electrical formation factor. The joint elastic‐electrical properties provide a way to discriminate between sandstones with similar porosities but with different clay contents. The laboratory results can be used to estimate sandstone reservoir permeability from seismic velocity and apparent formation factor obtained from co‐located seismic and controlled source electromagnetic surveys. 相似文献
15.
A graphical model for haloanhydrite components and P-wave velocity: A case study of haloanhydrites in Amu Darya Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tong-Cui Guo Hong-Jun Wang Long-Xin Mu Xing-Yang Zhang Zhi Ma Yu Tian Hao-Chen Li 《应用地球物理》2016,13(3):459-468
Wave velocities in haloanhydrites are difficult to determine and significantly depend on the mineralogy. We used petrophysical parameters to study the wave velocity in haloanhydrites in the Amur Darya Basin and constructed a template of the relation between haloanhydrite mineralogy (anhydrite, salt, mudstone, and pore water) and wave velocities. We used the relation between the P-wave moduli ratio and porosity as constraint and constructed a graphical model (petrophysical template) for the relation between wave velocity, mineral content and porosity. We tested the graphical model using rock core and well logging data. 相似文献
16.
Angus I. Best Lucy M. MacGregor Jeremy Sothcott Tim A. Minshull 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(4):777-786
Improvements in the joint inversion of seismic and marine controlled source electromagnetic data sets will require better constrained models of the joint elastic‐electrical properties of reservoir rocks. Various effective medium models were compared to a novel laboratory data set of elastic velocity and electrical resistivity (obtained on 67 reservoir sandstone samples saturated with 35 g/l brine at a differential pressure of 8 MPa) with mixed results. Hence, we developed a new three‐phase effective medium model for sandstones with pore‐filling clay minerals based on the combined self‐consistent approximation and differential effective medium model. We found that using a critical porosity of 0.5 and an aspect ratio of 1 for all three components, the proposed model gave accurate model predictions of the observed magnitudes of P‐wave velocity and electrical resistivity and of the divergent trends of clean and clay‐rich sandstones at higher porosities. Using only a few well‐constrained input parameters, the new model offers a practical way to predict in situ porosity and clay content in brine saturated sandstones from co‐located P‐wave velocity and electrical resistivity data sets. 相似文献
17.
在对山西大同市区3个主要地貌单元共72个钻孔的剪切波速资料分析整理的基础上,利用指数形式的剪切波速与深度经验公式,对测点较多的粉质黏土、粉土、粗砂三类土层的剪切波速Vs与土层深度H的关系进行统计回归,并将实测剪切波速值与利用上述统计结果得到的预测值进行对比检验,结果表明,分地貌单元各类土层的Vs-H经验关系是可靠的,符合当地岩土特征,可用于对该地区地层剪切波速进行推测。 相似文献
18.
We develop a semi‐empirical model which combines the theoretical model of Xu and White and the empirical formula of Han, Nur and Morgan in sand–clay environments. This new model may be used for petrophysical interpretation of P‐ and S‐wave velocities. In particular, we are able to obtain an independent estimation of aspect ratios based on log data and seismic velocity, and also the relationship between velocities and other reservoir parameters (e.g. porosity and clay content), thus providing a prediction of shear‐wave velocity. To achieve this, we first use Kuster and Toksöz's theory to derive bulk and shear moduli in a sand–clay mixture. Secondly, Xu and White's model is combined with an artificial neural network to invert the depth‐dependent variation of pore aspect ratios. Finally these aspect ratio results are linked to the empirical formula of Han, Nur and Morgan, using a multiple regression algorithm for petrophysical interpretation. Tests on field data from a North Sea reservoir show that this semi‐empirical model provides simple but satisfactory results for the prediction of shear‐wave velocities and the estimation of reservoir parameters. 相似文献
19.
20.
Continuous, single-channel reflection profiling has been carried out in PVC-lined boreholes, primarily with the aim of ascertaining the position of an old subsurface gas storage tunnel on a proposed dam site. Tube wave reflection patterns thus generated have been interpreted in terms of sediment rigidity and shear wave velocity, and these results could be compared with some independent data. It is interesting to note that, within the well section penetrating Tertiary clays, the velocity of the hydraulic transients apparently was not affected by the PVC casing, which might be explained by a tight coupling between casing and clay wall. In such situations, tube waves turn out a straightforward tool for the determination of shear wave velocity and the derivation of dynamic elastic moduli of unconsolidated sediments. Further applications of the study of the distribution of seismic velocities on the dam site dealt with the consolidation history of the clays. A level of abnormally low P-wave velocities has been detected and interpreted as a gas-charged horizon which, by its coincidence with the base level of clay diapirs, might be considered to have contributed to clay flowage in past geological times. Data about maximum past burial depth, derived from shear wave velocities, turned out to be in agreement with results from consolidation testing. 相似文献