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目的:探讨新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)患者治疗前后的临床特征以及影像表现。方法:选取2019年12月至2020年3月在南通大学附属南通第三医院收治的30例COVID-19患者作为研究对象,对其入院治疗前后的临床症状、实验室指标及CT影像学表现进行分析。结果:入组患者中,发热者占83.3%,胸闷气促者占23.3%,头痛占10%,肌肉酸痛占10%,低氧血症占7%;实验室检查中,淋巴细胞计数、淋巴细胞百分比、C反应蛋白、肌酸激酶及谷丙转氨酶治疗前后的差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05);CT表现肺内无病变者占6.7%,呈单纯磨玻璃样影者占16.7%,呈混合型改变者占76.7%,其中磨玻璃影伴局部实变占23.3%,磨玻璃影伴纤维化灶占20%,磨玻璃影伴局灶实变及纤维化灶占30%,病灶周围出现晕征占40%,小叶间隔增厚占20%,病灶内血管增粗者占23.3%,病灶内出现充气支气管征占30%。结论:COVID-19的主要临床症状为发热、咳嗽;实验室检查包括白细胞计数减低,淋巴细胞百分比下降,血沉加快;胸部影像表现为片絮状磨玻璃影,可合并实变及纤维化。 相似文献
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目的:总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019-nCoV)的X线、CT表现,为临床提供影像学诊断依据。材料与方法:收集2020年1月21日至2月25日我院发热门诊的1028例患者,均进行X线检查,其中18例核酸检测确诊为2019-nCoV,6例同日行CT检查,9例于1周内进行影像学复查。结果:18例确诊的2019-nCoV患者,4例X线表现为肺纹理增重,14例X线表现为肺内单发或多发病灶。好发部位为肺下叶,单侧肺下叶病灶9例,双肺下叶病灶3例,双下肺合并双肺上叶病灶2例。6例同日进行CT检查,1例CT正常,3例发现X线胸片未显示的小片状磨玻璃影,2例CT显示的病灶较X线片多,CT表现以双肺胸膜下分布为主,可伴空气支气管征且小叶间隔增厚。6例患者1周内复查X线片,3例复查CT,其中1例CT显示磨玻璃影吸收,8例显示病变进展,范围较前增大和病灶增多,以双下肺外带为著。结论:新冠肺炎胸部X线及CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床病史和实验室检查可作出明确诊断。 相似文献
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目的:探讨多发创伤性假性肺囊肿的CT表现及随访变化规律.方法:回顾性分析30例临床和影像学随访证实的多发创伤性假性肺囊肿患者的资料.结果:30例胸部多合并肺挫伤、肋骨骨折、血气胸.本组创伤性假性囊肿均为多发,平均4.6个病灶,大小:2mm×4 mm～13.5 cm×6.2 cm.首次CT距外伤后1小时～5天,随访1天～15月,平均4.3月.首次CT可表现为多发单纯血肿、肺挫伤合并多发血肿、肺挫伤合并多发气囊囊肿或气液囊肿.随访中近胸膜下血肿可因血肿破裂或肋骨骨折造成的迟发性气胸等原因内部再出现气囊改变,单纯性血肿可在随访中表现为含气或不含气,其余含气病灶多渐变小、变实,直至完全吸收或后遗疤痕索条.液囊可为单纯性或合并晕征.气液囊可表现为楔形征、银镯征、进水皮球征或杯中液体征、花生壳征、三角烧瓶征等征象.3例首次CT检查后2小时内死亡,死亡原因2例为合并广泛挫伤及气胸,1例合并肝脾出血.其余病例除针对伴发疾病对症治疗外,肺假性囊肿均经保守治疗治愈,囊肿吸收时间长短多与大小呈正相关.结论:CT可清晰显示多发创伤性假性肺囊肿的形态及演变、伴发症,是本病首选的影像学检查方法. 相似文献
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目的:探讨多发创伤性假性肺囊肿的CT表现及随访变化规律。方法:回顾性分析30例临床和影像学随访证实的多发创伤性假性肺囊肿患者的资料。结果:30例胸部多合并肺挫伤、肋骨骨折、血气胸。本组创伤性假性囊肿均为多发,平均4.6个病灶,大小:2mm×4mm～13.5cm×6.2cm。首次CT距外伤后1小时～5天,随访1天～15月,平均4.3月。首次CT可表现为多发单纯血肿、肺挫伤合并多发血肿、肺挫伤合并多发气囊囊肿或气液囊肿。随访中近胸膜下血肿可因血肿破裂或肋骨骨折造成的迟发性气胸等原因内部再出现气囊改变,单纯性血肿可在随访中表现为含气或不含气,其余含气病灶多渐变小、变实,直至完全吸收或后遗疤痕索条。液囊可为单纯性或合并晕征。气液囊可表现为楔形征、银镯征、进水皮球征或杯中液体征、花生壳征、三角烧瓶征等征象。3例首次CT检查后2小时内死亡,死亡原因2例为合并广泛挫伤及气胸,1例合并肝脾出血。其余病例除针对伴发疾病对症治疗外,肺假性囊肿均经保守治疗治愈,囊肿吸收时间长短多与大小呈正相关。结论:CT可清晰显示多发创伤性假性肺囊肿的形态及演变、伴发症,是本病首选的影像学检查方法。 相似文献
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目的:探讨临床普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎的CT表现。方法:收集22例符合新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)临床普通型诊断标准的患者,均于确诊前行肺部CT检查,评估肺内病变的CT征象并记录例数,基于有无磨玻璃样病变(GGO)有无实变、病变数量(单发和多发)的病例数分别列表,基于肺内病变区域(胸膜下区和非胸膜下区)将有无GGO、有无实变的病例数分别列表,采用χ2检验行统计学分析。结果:男性7例,女性15例,单发病灶8例,多发病灶14例。19例(86.4%)出现GGO,15例(68.2%)出现实变,3例(13.6%)出现纤维化改变。铺路石征1例,支气管壁稍增厚2例,小支气管充气征4例,晕结节征1例。21例(95.5%)出现肺胸膜下区病灶,6例(27.3%)出现非胸膜下区病灶。14例多发者均双肺受累,累及右肺上叶11例(50.0%)、右肺中叶7例(31.8%)、右肺下叶15例(68.2%)、左肺上叶15例(68.2%)、左肺下叶10例(45.5%)。肺受累程度Ⅰ级者19例(86.4%)、Ⅱ级者2例(9.1%)、Ⅲ级者1例(4.5%)。左侧少量胸腔积液1例。有无GGO两组之间单发和多发者存在统计学差异(P=0.036),肺的胸膜下区和非胸膜下区两组之间有无GGO及有无实变者均存在统计学差异(P<0.001,P=0.010)。结论:普通型新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎CT征象具有多样性,但仍有一些特征,有助于快速识别。 相似文献
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杨峰 《CT理论与应用研究》2018,27(2):263-268
目的:探讨螺旋CT在肺撕裂伤的诊断及动态观察中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析20例肺撕裂伤的CT表现。结果:20例患者共发现45个病灶,右肺25个,左肺20个。CT表现为肺气囊9个、肺气液囊12个、胸膜下气泡影15个、肺血肿7个及楔形含气裂隙2个。肺撕裂伤周围均合并不同程度的肺挫伤。45个病灶中,26个病灶位于肺表面或胸膜下,5个病灶位于肺深部,14个病灶位于脊柱旁。20例患者均伴有肋骨骨折,8例患者合并血气胸。CT动态观察,发现7个肺气囊腔内见液体进入,形成肺气液囊;胸膜下气泡影6例形成血气胸,5例出现肺血肿伴胸腔积液;1~2月肺气囊、肺气液囊及肺血肿吸收和缩小。结论:肺气囊、肺气液囊及胸膜下气泡影是肺撕裂伤特征性CT表现,肺楔形含气裂隙是该病特有的CT征象。CT检查是早期发现、诊断和动态观察肺撕裂伤最有效的影像检查方法。 相似文献
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目的:研究宿主免疫功能低下并发肺结核的CT影像表现特征。方法:搜集38例免疫功能低下并发肺结核患者的临床及CT影像资料,从病变类型、分布、大小、形态、性质以及淋巴结改变等方面进行分析。结果:免疫功能低下并发肺结核患者的CT影像表现以浸润型肺结核为主,病变广泛分布,主要表现为实变阴影(38/38,100%)、多发性结节(21/38,55%)、空洞(16/38,42.1%)、淋巴结改变(11/38,28.9%),多伴有肺气肿、纤维条索硬化、钙化、支气管狭窄或扩张、胸膜改变等征象。结论:宿主免疫功能低下并发肺结核的CT影像学表现复杂多样、多变,发病部位及CT征象均不典型;病变范围广,多性质病灶共存且易扩展播散,肺受损严重、预后差为其特点。CT检查结合病史及临床资料对明确诊断有积极意义。 相似文献
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目的:分析腮腺Warthin瘤CT、MRI影像学表现,提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的37例腮腺Warthin瘤CT、MRI表现。其中男32例,女5例。年龄27～80岁,平均59岁,50岁以上26例(70.2%)。有吸烟史30例(81%)。结果:37例共56个病灶,单侧单发28例(28个病灶),单侧多发4例(12个病灶),双侧多发5例(16个病灶);CT及MRI表现:病灶长径0.5～4.8cm,呈圆形或椭圆形,边界清楚,内部密度或信号均匀或不均;CT增强扫描病灶实质部分呈早期明显强化,MRI增强扫描病灶呈不均匀强化。结论:腮腺Warthin瘤有一定的临床和CT、MRI特点,结合患者年龄、性别及病史,可提高对其诊断准确率,减少误诊。 相似文献
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目的:研究新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的CT特征。方法:回顾性分析26例确诊为COVID-19患者的病例资料(男14例,女12例),分析其胸部高分辨CT表现,重点观察病变形态、分布以及病变区有无肺血管增粗、支气管充气征、小叶间隔增厚。结果:26例COVID-19患者中病变分布于肺周围区20例,其中17例胸膜下区;18例累及双肺,8例累及一侧肺;单个肺叶受累6例,2~4叶受累10例,5叶受累10例;单发病灶3例,多发病灶23例;以单纯磨玻璃密度影(pGGO)为主要表现19例,混合性磨玻璃密度影(mGGO)11例,肺实变伴周围磨玻璃密度影(GGO)4例;1例初次CT检查表现为直径3mm大小的磨玻璃密度影,4天后复查CT时病灶明显增大,呈斑片状混合磨玻璃密度影;病变区血管增粗17例,占65.4%;支气管充气征15例,占57.7%;小叶间隔增厚16例,占61.5%;以铺路石征为主要表现8例,占30.8%。单侧少量胸腔积液3例,纵隔淋巴结增大1例。结论:COVID-19的高分辨CT表现具有一定特征,双肺多发磨玻璃密度影伴病变区血管增粗、支气管充气征及小叶间隔增厚提示临床诊断。 相似文献
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目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）各临床分型的CT表现,分析人工智能辅助技术的应用价值。方法:结合“uAI新冠肺炎智能辅助分析系统”回顾性分析2020年1月23日至2020年2月25日收治的临床及CT资料完整的44例COVID-19病例。结果:①CT表现临床轻型患者4例,胸部CT呈阴性。临床普通型患者32例,CT表现为单侧或双肺多发病灶,呈片样或楔形样磨玻璃影,其内可见血管及支气管穿行,常伴有小叶间隔增厚,可见“铺路石”征及支气管充气征,部分病变内部可见小范围肺实变。临床重型/危重型病例共8例,CT表现为病变范围广泛,磨玻璃影、实变及纤维条索混杂,多伴有“铺路石”征、支气管充气征。②人工智能辅助诊断软件病灶标记范围与肉眼观察相比具有较好的一致性。4例轻型患者病灶总体积显示为零。32例临床普通型患者病灶总体积为（109.9±94.9） cm3,病灶内部磨玻璃影体积为（55.3±50.4） cm3,实变体积为（34.9±35.0） cm3。8例重型/危重型患者病灶总体积为（858.1±351.9） cm3,病灶内部磨玻璃影体积（486.7±204.0） cm3,实变体积（204.1±119.3） cm3。普通型、重型/危重型患者的病灶总体积、内部磨玻璃体积及实变体积组间的差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.001）。以人工智能辅助诊断软件提供的各肺叶病灶占比进行统计,临床普通型患者肺损伤评分为（3.8±1.2）分,重型/危重型患者肺损伤评分为（10.4±5.1）分,二者之间的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线显示以5.5分为肺损伤界值时,预测临床分型的效能最高,ROC曲线下面积为0.996。结论:COVID-19的CT表现为多发的肺外围或胸膜下的磨玻璃影,其内含正常走行的血管及支气管,病变范围增大、增多或实变代表病情进展。人工智能辅助技术可有效识别COVID-19病灶,提供病灶总体积、内部磨玻璃影及实变体积相关数据,对患者肺损伤程度进行准确量化评分,为临床预后评估提供帮助,同时提高影像医师的工作效率。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献