共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
本文利用WRF模式对近海台风“烟花”及“查帕卡”影响2021年7月19日至21日河南极端暴雨的过程进行数值模拟。控制试验（CTL）对台风路径、强度、大尺度环流形势,以及河南暴雨的强度和空间分布型等均给出合理的模拟,基本再现了本次河南极端暴雨的发展过程。敏感性试验表明,在移除台风“烟花”后,副热带高压系统显著南压并在南侧形成东南风急流,河南地区的南风分量减弱、东风增强,东西方向的水汽输送占主导,有利于降水分布型由CTL试验的南—北向转变为东—西向;另一方面,由于低层东南风急流相较于移除“烟花”前的东风急流偏弱,河南降雨区的局地辐合减弱,水汽通量净流入值较CTL试验降低5.81%,且中纬度冷气团西移减慢,引起局地相当位温梯度减弱,最终导致移除台风“烟花”试验的降雨强度偏弱。移除台风“查帕卡”后,大尺度环流形势几乎未受影响,河南南侧的水汽输送略有减弱,因此强降水分布基本与CTL试验类似,降雨强度略有减小。与台风“烟花”相比,“查帕卡”对河南暴雨的影响较弱。 相似文献
2.
采用卡尔曼滤波类型自适应误差订正法和滑动自适应权重法,对2012年夏季ECMWF 10 m全风速场集合预报结果进行偏差订正,对订正前后的预报结果进行评估,并通过Jumpiness指数对预报结果订正前后的预报不一致性特征进行分析。结果表明,卡尔曼滤波类型自适应误差订正法能有效降低集合预报的均方根误差,且当起报时刻为00时对中低纬度地区的订正效果更显著,当起报时刻为12时对中高纬度地区的订正效果更明显;卡尔曼滤波类型自适应误差订正法能有效改善Talagrand的U型或L型分布;由均方根误差分析结果知道,ECMWF 10 m全风速场集合预报本身存在较大的预报不一致性,经过卡尔曼滤波类型自适应误差订正后,集合预报的预报不一致性明显降低,偏差订正可有效改善集合预报的预报不一致性,且随着预报时效的延长,卡尔曼滤波误差法对预报不一致性的改善效果更加明显;从预报不一致性的发生次数特征来看,单点跳跃出现的次数最多,异号三点跳跃的次数最少;经过卡尔曼滤波类型自适应误差订正后,单点跳跃、异号两点跳跃、异号三点跳跃次数都有所下降。 相似文献
3.
2019年第9号台风“利奇马”在8月10日登陆后引发了远距离大范围的暴雨,本文利用ECMWF(EC)和GRAPES全球集合预报模式等资料对暴雨短期预报的误差及原因进行了分析。此次台风远距离暴雨主要集中在8月10日夜间的山东中部地区,EC集合预报对该区域的降水量预报效果总体优于GRAPES集合预报。集合敏感性分析可以识别出和预报变量高相关(敏感)的天气系统,结果表明山东区域平均降水量对同期500 hPa副高、台风西北侧海平面气压和山东北部低层温度较为敏感,而对流层高层的高度及经向风存在更大范围的敏感区。根据暴雨预报TS评分选取EC集合预报成员作为优势组和劣势组,结果表明优势组预报成员表现为山东上空300 hPa低槽前倾,北侧高空偏南急流更强,同时配合低层台风外围偏东风急流,形成高层辐散、低层辐合的有利条件。另外,优势组预报的中纬度低层冷空气和斜压锋区更强,导致优势组在山东中部预报出暴雨,更加接近于实况。 相似文献
4.
受季风槽影响,2018年8月30—31日华南地区出现一次极端暴雨过程,单日站点累计降水量达1?056.7 mm,刷新了广东有历史纪录以来新的极值。对于此次极端降水事件,常用的业务模式包括欧洲中期天气预报中心全球模式（ECMWF）、日本气象厅谱模式（JMA）和中国气象局广东快速更新同化数值预报系统（CMA-GD）,都低估了降水强度。利用深圳市气象局业务对流尺度集合预报系统分析了此次特大暴雨过程,结果表明：对流尺度集合预报系统对本次特大暴雨过程具有比较好的预报能力,概率匹配平均最大雨量达348.7 mm·(24 h)-1,集合平均的强降水中心和观测基本一致,观测极值附近区域发生大暴雨（≥150 mm）概率最大值达到80%。选取了较“好”和较“差”集合成员预报进行对比分析,发现较“好”成员预报的强降水中心位置和观测基本一致,而较“差”成员预报的降水中心位置则偏向福建地区。较 “好”成员预报出莲花山南侧地面中尺度辐合线较长时间的维持和缓慢移动,导致强降水雨团在莲花山脉附近不断地触发和维持,同时地形的阻挡作用使得对流系统在地形附近区域持续维持,造成了罕见的特大暴雨;而较“差”成员辐合区位于莲花山以北,对流形成后向东、向北移动,最终导致强降水预报位置偏向福建地区。 相似文献
5.
利用分钟降水资料、FY-4A气象卫星高分辨率资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和ERA5再分析资料对2021年“7·20”河南极端暴雨过程中尺度系统精细结构及热动力发展机制进行观测分析和诊断研究, 结果表明: 该过程发生在“两高对峙”的鞍型场弱背景下, 其主导系统为500 hPa弱低压系统和低层偏东风切变线; 极端暴雨主要由水平尺度约300 km呈近乎圆形结构中尺度对流复合体产生, 其长时间维持与内部多个中尺度对流系统的合并及外围东南侧暖湿区新生单体的持续并入有关; 郑州站小时强降水(201.9 mm· h-1)由几乎静止的低质心β中尺度弓状回波产生, 其分钟降水量持续在3~4.7 mm; 边界层风场的动力辐合触发强烈对流, 使得强降水区上空θse锋区长时间处于中性层结, 其高层辐散气流在西北太平洋副热带高压附近构成次级环流下沉支; 中层500 hPa低压区气旋式曲率附近正涡度平流和925 hPa偏东气流持续暖平流输送、低层变形场锋生作用, 以及来自华东近海边界层急流异常强盛的水汽输送是此次极端过程发展维持的热动力学成因。 相似文献
6.
使用新建的强降水历史个例数据集、1981-2016年我国逐日降水量观测资料、2016年T639与ECMWF模式1~10 d的逐日降水量预报,采用经验正交函数展开（EOF）提炼出江淮地区强降水的典型模态,并运用场相似法对江淮地区强降水进行客观分型,分析强降水的环流演变;定量诊断型环流相似所得与实测环流和降水的对应关系。结果表明:江淮地区强降水可分为QⅠ,QⅡ和QⅢ 3种类型,其中,QⅠ型降水中心位于江淮中部,QⅡ型表现为降水北多南少,QⅢ型表现为降水中间少南北多的分布。强降水对应的前期至当日,各型降水对应在亚洲的中高纬度地区均有显著的环流异常,且环流演变存在明显不同;但各类型降水对应的系统移动速度缓慢,且到强降水发生日江淮地区处于西太平洋副热带高压西北侧低值系统的控制,有利于该地区强降水的发生。按环流相似依不同时效得到的强降水发生日环流与实际环流存在很好的相关。独立试验中,该文方法对25 mm降水的TS评分在各时效均高于模式预报,50 mm降水的TS评分在3 d以上时效的评分也均高于模式预报。 相似文献
7.
Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Hong Kong During a Pre-rainy Season in South China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
During the Heavy Rainfall Experiment in South China （HUAMEX） of 1998, a record heavy rainfall event occurred in the delta of the Pearl River during the 24 hours from 1200 UTC 8 June to 1200 UTC 9 June, 1998, and a 24-hour precipitation maximum of 574 mm was reported in Hong Kong. In this paper, some mesoscale characteristics of this heavy rainfall event are studied using data from satellites, Doppler radar, wind profilers, and automatic meteorological stations collected during HUAMEX. The following conclusions are drawn： （1） During this heavy rainfall event, there existed a favorable large-scale environment, that included a front with weak baroclinity in the heavy rain area and with an upward motion branch ahead of the front. （2） Unlike most extratropical or subtropical systems, the closed low in the geopotential height field does not exited. The obvious feature was that a southerly branch trough in the westerlies existed and Hong Kong was located ahead of the trough. （3） The rainfall areas were located in the warm sector ahead of the front, rather than in the frontal zone, which is one of the characteristics of heavy rainfalls during the pre-rainy season of South China. A southerly warm and moist current contributed to the heavy rainfall formation, including the transportation of rich water vapor and the creation of strong horizontal wind convergence. （4） The observations show that the heavy rainfall in Hong Kong was directly caused by a series of meso β systems rather than a mesoscale convective complex （MCC）. These meso β systems moved with the steering current in the lower-mid troposphere, their life cycles were 3-6 hours, and their horizontal sizes were 10-100 km. （5） The disturbances in the lower and mid troposphere, especially that in the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were very shallow. However, they are a possible trigger mechanism for the occurrence and development of the mesoscale convective systems and related heavy rainfalls. Finally, a conceptual model of the heav 相似文献
8.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF) ERA Interim全球再分析资料(1.5 °×1.5 °)分析了1013号超强台风“鲇鱼”存在期间其东侧东风波的演变、结构以及对台风“鲇鱼”北翘路径的影响。结果显示:在“鲇鱼”存在期间,副热带高压南部、台风“鲇鱼”以东存在明显的中高空东风波。在“鲇鱼”以东和180 °以西存在明显的两脊一槽结构。从250 hPa的位势高度场中心位置来看,其路径经历了西南偏西向西北偏西方向的转变,并最终同“鲇鱼”的高空环流合并。由于东风波槽西移,位于“鲇鱼”南侧的低压环流上空东风迅速增强,垂直切变加大,从而使得此低压环流减弱、消失。低压环流的消失使得“鲇鱼”南侧南风迅速加强。东风波槽的减弱、北抬,其两侧的高压脊区加强、合并。在“鲇鱼”西北侧西风槽发展南落的共同影响下,台风“鲇鱼”路径发生北翘。 相似文献
9.
2020年5月22日珠江三角洲地区出现了一次极端强降水天气,最大滑动小时雨量201.8 mm,3 h雨量达到351 mm。为探讨此次极端强降水的关键预报因子及可预报性,对热带中尺度集合预报系统（CMA-TRAMS（EPS））降水预报产品进行检验评估和敏感性分析,结果表明:与欧洲中期数值预报中心集合预报系统（ECMWF-EPS）相比,CMA-TRAMS（EPS）的好成员对本次过程降水强度及位置的预报结果与实况更接近,但对极端性预报仍有欠缺。好成员的预报能力来自于对低涡和（超）低空急流的演变特征以及两者强度和位置耦合的有效预测。好成员组预报珠江三角洲东部（超）低空急流南风分量较强,有利于低涡缓慢移动和气旋性辐合增强,致使降水持续时间长、效率高。而低涡自身发展又反馈于急流强度变化,好成员组较准确地刻画了增强的低涡环流反馈导致急流小范围加速的耦合特征。其他成员组预报的低涡和（超）低空急流的耦合位置偏东、偏南,辐合强度偏弱,导致降水强度或落区出现偏差。此外,强降水致使冷池形成,并增强激烈的冷、暖气团对峙（水平温度梯度达0.23—0.76℃/km）,有利于中尺度辐合线维持,加强对流后向传播并产生极端降水量。但CMA-TRAMS（EPS）两组成员在预报中尺度系统的组织性和传播特征方面均存在明显不足,限制了集合预报系统对极端降水的预报能力。 相似文献
10.
基于最大相关最小冗余度算法和随机森林回归算法,该文提出一种对欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）集合预报产品进行暴雨预报的释用方法。该方法采用最大相关最小冗余度算法,对ECMWF集合预报的51个成员进行筛选,选取若干个与预报对象相关性最大、相互间冗余度最小的成员作为随机森林回归算法的输入因子。利用ECMWF集合预报降水量平均值对建模样本进行分类,使预报模型的建模样本更具有针对性。通过2012年4月—2015年12月的交叉独立样本试验预报和2016年1—9月的业务预报试验的统计结果表明:该释用方法的暴雨预报TS和ETS评分,均比采用ECMWF集合预报产品51个成员降水量预报进行插值后取平均值的释用方法分别提高了0.07和0.05以上,显示了较好的数值预报产品释用效果。 相似文献
11.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心 (ECMWF)、美国大气环境预报中心 (NCEP) 集合预报系统 (EPS) 降水量预报资料,CMORPH (NOAA Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method) 卫星与全国3万个自动气象站降水量融合资料,基于技巧评分、ROC (relative operating characteristic) 分析等方法,对比两个集合预报系统对秦岭及周边地区的降水预报性能。结果表明:两个系统均能较好表现降水量的空间形态,对于不同量级降水,ECMWF集合预报系统0~240 h控制及扰动预报优于NCEP集合预报系统,但NCEP集合预报系统264~360 h预报时效整体表现更好; ECMWF集合预报系统0~120 h大雨集合平均优于NCEP集合预报系统,两个系统集合平均的预报技巧整体低于其控制及扰动成员预报,这种现象ECMWF集合预报系统表现更为显著; ECMWF集合预报系统降水预报概率优于NCEP集合预报系统。ROC分析显示,随着预报概率的增大,ECMWF集合预报系统在命中率略微下降的情况下,显著减小了空报率,NCEP集合预报系统则表现出高空报、高命中率。 相似文献
12.
Peng WEI Xin XU Ming XUE Chenyue ZHANG Yuan WANG Kun ZHAO Ang ZHOU Shushi ZHANG Kefeng ZHU 《大气科学进展》2023,40(3):337-349
An extremely heavy rainfall event occurred in Zhengzhou, China, on 20 July 2021 and produced an hourly rainfall rate of 201.9 mm, which broke the station record for mainland China. Based on radar observations and a convection-permitting simulation using the WRF-ARW model, this paper investigates the multiscale processes, especially those at the mesoscale,that support the extreme observed hourly rainfall. Results show that the extreme rainfall occurred in an environment characteristic of warm-sec... 相似文献
13.
When Typhoon Toraji(2001)reached the Bohai Gulf during 1-2 August 2001,a heavy rainfall event occurred over Shandong province in China along the gulf.The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF-ARW)model was used to explore possible effects of environmental factors,including effects of moisture transportation,upper-level trough interaction with potential vorticity anomalies,tropical cyclone(TC)remnant circulation,and TC boundary-layer process on the re-intensification of Typhoon Toraji,which re-entered the Bohai Gulf after having made a landfall.The National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)global final(FNL)analysis provided both the initial and lateral boundary conditions for the WRF-ARW model.The model was initialized at 1200 UTC on 31 July and integrated until 1200 UTC on 3 August 2001,during which Toraji remnant experienced the extratropical transition and re-intensification.Five numerical experiments were performed in this study,including one control and four sensitivity experiments.In the control experiment,the simulated typhoon had a track and intensity change similar to those observed.The results from three sensitivity experiments showed that the moisture transfer by a southwesterly lower-level jet,a low vortex to the northeast of China,and the presence of Typhoon Toraji all played important roles in simulated heavy rainfall over Shandong and remnant re-intensification over the sea,which are consistent with the observation.One of the tests illustrated that the local boundary layer forcing played a secondary role in the TC intensity change over the sea. 相似文献
14.
本文利用EC集合预报提供的极端降水天气指数能指示极端天气事件的特点,研究了四川盆地夏季(6-9月)的暴雨落区预报。综合考虑不同极端降水天气指数阈值对应的暴雨TS、ETS评分及各阈值评分最高时的发生频次,获得暴雨预报对应的最佳极端降水天气指数阈值。结果显示,08时起报的24h、48h、72h、96h、120h时效对应的阈值分别为0.5\0.6、0.5、0.4\0.5、0.4、0.2\0.3,20时起报的24h、48h、72h、96h、120h时效对应的阈值分别为0.5、0.4\0.5、0.4\0.5、0.3\0.4、0.1\0.3,通过检验表明这些阈值对暴雨落区的预报具有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
15.
2019年,数值预报中心开发了以GRAPES全球模式为驱动场,集合变换卡尔曼滤波为初值扰动方法,随机物理过程倾向项为模式扰动方法的10 km水平分辨率GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式,并投入业务运行。基于该模式,作者开展了2019年7～9月夏季降水不确定性的集合预报实时试验,并从统计检验和个例分析角度,与GRAPES-REPS V2.0和ECMWF全球集合预报模式进行对比,由此对GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式的降水预报能力给予客观评价,并分析了引起中尺度强降水预报不确定性的物理机制,研究结论可为诊断集合预报模式及改进集合预报方法提供依据。结果表明:（1）GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报系统的降水ETS评分在所有预报时效和量级内均优于GRAPES-REPS V2.0区域集合预报模式,降水成员具有明显等同性,且概率预报技巧FSS评分较高,GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式降水预报效果全面优于GRAPES-REPS V2.0区域集合预报模式。（2）GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报的集合平均降水BIAS评分及小雨和暴雨ETS评分均明显优于ECMWF全球集合预报系统,降水概率预报与ECMWF降水概率具有一定可比性。（3）个例分析结果表明,不同集合预报模式通过刻画中尺度特征物理量不确定性来捕捉降水预报不确定性,初始时刻,GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式和ECMWF全球集合预报模式环流形势分布较为相似,随预报时效演变,GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式对中尺度动力、热力场捕捉更为准确,相应地对降水落区与量级预报较好,概率预报技巧较优。（4）与ECMWF全球集合预报模式相比,GRAPES区域集合预报模式集合成员能很好地预报降水发生、发展、消亡整个过程,故GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报系统对中国汛期降水具有较强的预报能力。 相似文献
16.
This study investigates the variation and prediction of the west China autumn rainfall (WCAR) and their associated atmospheric circulation features, focusing on the transitional stages of onset and demise of the WCAR. Output from the 45-day hindcast by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) and several observational data sets are used. The onset of WCAR generally occurs at pentad 46 and decays at pentad 56, with heavy rainfall over the northwestern China and moderate rainfall over the south. Before that, southerly wind changes into southeasterly wind, accompanied by a westward expansion and intensification of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), favoring rainfall over west China. On the other hand, during the decay of WCAR, a continental cold high develops and the WPSH weakens and shifts eastward, accompanied by a demise of southwest monsoon flow, leading to decay of rainfall over west China. The CFSv2 generally well captures the variation of WCAR owing to the high skill in capturing the associated atmospheric circulation, despite an overestimation of rainfall. This overestimation occurs at all time leads due to the overestimated low-level southerly wind. The CFSv2 can pinpoint the dates of onset and demise of WCAR at the leads up to 5 days and 40 days, respectively. The lower prediction skill for WCAR onset is due to the unrealistically predicted northerly wind anomaly over the lower branch of the Yangtze River and the underestimated movement of WPSH after lead time of 5 days. 相似文献
17.
Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall forecast has remained a challenge. To create initial conditions with high quality for simulation, the present study implemented a data assimilation scheme based on the EnKF method to ingest the satellite-retrieved cloud water path ( C w ) and tested it in WRF. The scheme uses the vertical integration of forecasted cloud water content to transform control variables to the observation space, and creates the correlations between C w and control variables in the flow-dependent background error covariance based on all the ensemble members, so that the
observed cloud information can affect the background temperature and humidity. For two typhoons in 2018 (Yagi and Rumiba), assimilating C w significantly increases the simulated rainfalls and TC intensities. In terms of the average equitable threat score of daily moderate to heavy rainfall (5?120 mm), the improvements are over 130%, and the dry biases are cut by about 30%. Such improvements are traced down to the fact that C w assimilation increases the moisture content, especially that further away from the TC center, which provides more precipitable water for the rainfall,strengthens the TC and broadens the TC size via latent heat release and internal wind field adjustment. 相似文献
18.
Guanshun ZHANG Jiangyu MAO Wei HUA Xiaofei WU Ruizao SUN Ziyu YAN Yimin LIU Guoxiong WU 《大气科学进展》2023,40(3):428-446
On 20 July 2021, northern Henan Province in China experienced catastrophic flooding as a result of an extremely intense rainstorm, with a record-breaking hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm during 0800–0900 UTC and daily accumulated rainfall in Zhengzhou City exceeding 600 mm(“Zhengzhou 7.20 rainstorm” for short). The multi-scale dynamical and thermodynamical mechanisms for this rainstorm are investigated based on station-observed and ERA-5 reanalysis datasets.The backward trajectory tracking shows that... 相似文献
19.
利用常规气象资料,对2013年11月15日出现在江西省北部地区的一次大雾天气过程进行了诊断分析,并利用ECMWF集合预报产品对该大雾天气过程的预报进行了解释应用。诊断结果表明,该次大雾天气过程是一次典型的辐射雾。14日傍晚到夜间,江西省北部地区转处冷高压控制,阴转晴,冷空气和地面辐射共同造成的冷却作用明显;大雾发生时的逆温层高度大约在981 hPa;1—3 m/s的风速有利于形成较厚的冷却层;地面相对湿度大,水汽充足。通过对ECMWF集合预报的气温、地面湿度、地面风速和天空总云量预报产品的释用,可以在大雾出现的前日判断出江西省西北部地区同时满足辐射雾出现4个条件(水汽、晴空辐射冷却、微风、近地层的稳定层结)的概率最大,因此出现大雾的可能性最大;江西其他地区不能同时满足4个条件,出现大雾天气的可能性很小。随着对集合预报产品的不断深入挖掘,可以进一步提高集合预报对大雾等灾害性天气的预报能力。 相似文献
20.
In recent work, three physical factors of the Dynamical-Statistical-Analog Ensemble Forecast Model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation (DSAEF_LTP model) have been introduced, namely, tropical cyclone (TC) track, TC landfall season, and TC intensity. In the present study, we set out to test the forecasting performance of the improved model with new similarity regions and ensemble forecast schemes added. Four experiments associated with the prediction of accumulated precipitation were conducted based on 47 landfalling TCs that occurred over South China during 2004-2018. The first experiment was designed as the DSAEF_LTP model with TC track, TC landfall season, and intensity (DSAEF_LTP-1). The other three experiments were based on the first experiment, but with new ensemble forecast schemes added (DSAEF_LTP-2), new similarity regions added (DSAEF_LTP-3), and both added (DSAEF_LTP- 4), respectively. Results showed that, after new similarity regions added into the model (DSAEF_LTP-3), the forecasting performance of the DSAEF_LTP model for heavy rainfall (accumulated precipitation ≥250 mm and ≥100 mm) improved, and the sum of the threat score (TS250 + TS100) increased by 4.44%. Although the forecasting performance of DSAEF_LTP-2 was the same as that of DSAEF_LTP-1, the forecasting performance was significantly improved and better than that of DSAEF_LTP-3 when the new ensemble schemes and similarity regions were added simultaneously (DSAEF_LTP-4), with the TS increasing by 25.36%. Moreover, the forecasting performance of the four experiments was compared with four operational numerical weather prediction models, and the comparison indicated that the DSAEF_LTP model showed advantages in predicting heavy rainfall. Finally, some issues associated with the experimental results and future improvements of the DSAEF_LTP model were discussed. 相似文献