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1.
青藏高原作为印度季风与西风交汇的特殊区域,对全球气候变化响应敏感,成为了古气候研究的热点地区。青藏高原湖泊众多,存在巨厚连续的湖泊沉积物,为古气候重建提供了优良载体。而介形类壳体在湖泊中沉积连续,生长过程记录了气候变化,同时有效屏蔽了湖泊水体中同位素的累积效应,能够反映介壳生长阶段短时间尺度的同位素水平,理论上是高精度气候重建的理想载体。基于此,本研究选取青藏高原中部地区湖泊色林错湖芯(SL16-1-1)顶部0～107 cm部分为对象,对其中的介形类壳体进行种属鉴定及碳氧同位素分析,以期建立高分辨率的古环境变化记录,结合沉积物Rb/Sr、 Ti/Si环境代用指标,重建色林错湖区近2000年来的气候变化记录,结果揭示了：1)介形类壳体碳氧稳定同位素变化对气候变化(尤其冷气候)尤为敏感,是重建高分辨率环境变化过程的优良载体;2)色林错地区对小冰期冷事件的响应较早于其他地区;3)色林错介形类壳体2000年来的气候重建结果与青藏高原研究成果大体一致,特别是与内地文献记录和物候史料记载高度一致,说明色林错湖泊记录具有广泛代表性,同时证实利用湖泊沉积物介形类壳体进行古气候高分辨率重建具有可靠性。 相似文献
2.
结合新近获得的高精度遥感影像和详细的野外调查,首次对青藏高原内部大型单个湖泊古湖滨线进行了系统的调查测量。综合色林错周边古湖滨线的地貌、沉积及地形特征,本文首次提出色林错周边区域古湖滨线从地貌上可以分为3类: 1)处于高位,保存完好且非常连续的单级"高位古湖滨线"; 2)高于高位古湖滨线、严重退化、只有零散保存的多级"退化古湖滨线"; 3)低于高位古湖滨线、保存最好而非常连续的"低位古湖滨线"。野外系统测量表明,高位古湖滨线高程约4 593 m,最高退化古湖滨线高程为4 640 m。高位古湖滨线一致的高程分布表明: 1)晚更新世高位古湖滨线形成时期存在一个更大的色林错古湖; 2)自晚更新世以来,在色林错周边200 km范围内,不存在构造差异抬升。结合前人对西藏内部大型湖泊古湖滨线的年代学研究及本文的高程测量分析,指出关于晚更新世西藏中东部统一的古大湖--"古羌塘东湖"的提法值得商榷,晚更新世高原内部各大型湖泊更可能是通过河道串联。 相似文献
3.
色林错位于青藏高原中部印度季风和西风环流的过渡地带，同时受西风环流和印度季风系统控制，是研究二者进退变化特征的理想场所。本文利用色林错SL 1钻孔中介形虫 Limnocythere inopinata 的丰度及其壳体微量元素Mg/Ca和Mn/Ca比值重建了色林错5. 3 ka BP以来的古气候环境变化特征。5. 3~2. 9 ka BP， L. inopinata 丰度较小，壳体的低Mg/Ca比值和高Mn/Ca比值表明此阶段气候偏冷湿；2. 9~1. 8 ka BP， L. inopinata 丰度较前一阶段增加，壳体Mg/Ca比值略有增长但仍为低值表明气温虽然有所回升但仍然较低，Mn/Ca比值较前一阶段明显降低，指示湖泊水位下降；1. 8 ka BP至今， L. inopinata 丰度达到最大，壳体的高Mg/Ca和Mn/Ca比值指示湖泊温度和水位均呈显著的上升趋势。通过与西风区、过渡区以及印度季风区其他湖泊的环境沉积记录对比，本文认为青藏高原中部地区在中全新世晚期主要受西风环流影响，气温较低，西风带来大量水汽使得湖面呈扩张趋势；而到晚全新世西风环流逐渐北撤，色林错受季风影响更大，季风带来的降水和气温升高导致的冰川融水增加与色林错水位上升有密切关系。 相似文献
4.
西藏纳木错与仁错—久如错连通和藏北高原古大湖的发现 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
西藏是中国海拔最高、湖泊最多的省区，藏北内流区则集中了西藏最多的湖泊和大湖。其中位于藏北内流区东南部、藏语意为天湖的纳木错，则是西藏面积（１９４０ｋｍ２）最大和海拔（４７１８ｍ）最高的大湖。前人仅少量报道过该湖的湖岸阶地与古湖岸线，并推论该湖在青藏高原的“大湖期”（４０～２８或４０～２５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）时，有可能是以河道通过仁错（海拔４６４８ｍ）而与色林错等湖泊相连通的外流湖。２０００—２００１年夏，作者在纳木错沿岸的地质调查与１∶２５万地质填图（图１）中发现：在作曲卡河下游、玛尔扃北岸、塔吉古日… 相似文献
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湖泊在区域水循环和生态系统演化中起着重要作用。在以往的湖泊演化研究中多利用湖泊沉积物代用指标重建湖泊与气候变化过程,缺乏对湖泊水循环特征的定量研究。基于瞬态气候演变模型、特征时段流域和湖泊水量,以及能量平衡模型,对青藏高原及周边6个典型湖泊进行了水量平衡计算和湖泊演化模拟。结果表明：小柴达木湖和罗布泊全新世期间降水和蒸发的变率较小;色林错和纳木错早中全新世降水和蒸发的变率较大,主要受控于温度和净辐射变化;青海湖和猪野泽早中和中晚全新世降水和蒸发变率接近。系统分析了全新世期间青藏高原不同气候区湖泊水循环要素演化过程,有助于理解该区湖泊演化的古气候学机理。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原的许多湖泊发育有湖岸线、侵蚀阶地和高湖面沉积物,这些地貌和沉积单元是反映地质历史时期湖面变化的直接地貌和岩性证据。它们不仅反映了湖泊水文变化历史,还可作为揭示区域乃至全球环境变化的重要载体。在青藏高原众多湖泊中,纳木错最具典型性和代表性。纳木错湖岸最高古湖相沉积物位于现代湖面之上约150 m,高出当今溢流垭口约123 m。至今,有关纳木错异常高湖面的发育时代、湖侵-湖退过程、异常高湖面的形成机制、与其他湖泊之间的水文联系等科学问题仍不清楚或存在很大争议。本文以纳木错异常高湖面的特征、时代、期次和成因问题为主题,综述了一个多世纪以来国内外学者对纳木错湖面变化重建的研究成果,尤其对目前纳木错古湖面重建研究中存在的问题进行了总结,并对未来的工作重点进行了展望。此外,基于初步的调查结果,认为纳木错高湖面沉积可能形成于全新世中晚期,并指示了一次湖侵-湖退过程。南支槽的异常振荡及其导致的冬半年降水增加可能是引起湖面变化的主要驱动因素。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原近25年来主要湖泊变迁的特征 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
青藏高原分布有青海湖、纳木错、色林错3个特大型湖泊和扎日南木错、当惹雍错、阿牙克库木湖、班公错、哈拉湖、鄂陵湖、羊卓雍错、扎陵湖、赤布张错、乌兰乌拉湖、昂拉仁错11个大型湖泊。通过对20世纪70年代中期的MSS图像和90年代末期—21世纪初期的ETM 图像的解译,对近25年来青藏高原重点湖泊的变迁进行了分析。研究结果表明,哈拉湖、鄂陵湖面积相对稳定;青海湖、扎日南木错、当惹雍错、阿牙克库木湖、扎陵湖、乌兰乌拉湖等8个湖泊的面积都有不同程度的缩小,其中青海湖、乌兰乌拉湖面积减少最多,分别为60.60km2、59.80km2;纳木错、色林错、班公错3个湖泊的面积都有不同程度的增加,其中色林错面积增加最多,达140.52km2。重点湖泊的变迁分析为研究青藏高原的湖泊演化和气候、环境变迁提供了新资料。 相似文献
8.
西藏是我国湖泊最多的省区。藏北内流区则集中了西藏最多的湖泊和大湖。其中,位于藏北内流区东南部的纳木错,则是西藏面积最大(1920ｋｍ2)和海拔最高(4718ｍ)的大湖。前人仅少量报道过该湖的湖岸阶地与古湖岸线,并推论该湖在青藏高原的“大湖期”(40000～28000ａＢ.Ｐ.或40000～25000ａＢ.Ｐ.)时,有可能是以河道通过仁错(海拔4648ｍ)而与色林错相通的外流湖。2000年夏,作者在纳木错沿岸的考察中发现:在作曲卡下游、夺玛半岛东南岬角、玛尔北岸、塔吉古日西北坡、昂崩与昂千南麓等地的湖滨平原上,分布着 相似文献
9.
晚第四纪柴达木盆地东部古湖泊高湖面光释光年代学 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
高湖面是湖泊演化的鼎盛期,指示区域的温暖湿润气候。关于青藏高原湖泊高湖面的年代有不同的观点。一种观点(主要是基于14C测年)认为在氧同位素三阶段晚期青藏高原普遍存在"大湖期"或"泛湖期",并且其温度和降水可能比全新世还高。另一种观点(主要基于释光、铀系测年等)认为青藏高原湖泊的最高古湖面出现在氧同位素五阶段,之后湖面逐渐下降。柴达木盆地位于青藏高原的东北部,其高湖面年代的研究可为认识青藏高原环境演化提供基础资料。本文选择柴达木盆地东部的托素湖和尕海湖高出现代湖面的湖相沉积和湖岸砂堤为研究对象,利用石英光释光测年方法建立其年代序列。根据沉积物沉积特征和光释光年代结果认为,尕海湖和托素湖古高湖面出现在82～73ka、63～55ka、34.4ka和全新世早期。通过与青藏高原及周边湖泊高湖面年代记录对比,认为尕海湖和托素湖的最高湖面主体出现在氧同位素五阶段,之后湖面逐渐下降。 相似文献
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青藏高原西北部晚第四纪以来的隆升作用 ——来自西昆仑阿什库勒多级河流阶地的证据 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
青藏高原的隆升是新生代最壮观的地质事件,关于青藏高原隆升研究一直是地学界的研究焦点.河流阶地的发育记录了丰富的构造运动和气候变化的信息,近年来被广泛应用于构造运动和气候演变的研究,但前人研究的河流阶地基本分布在青藏高原的周缘,阶地的形成可能是气候与构造运动共同作用的结果.本文通过高分辨率卫星影像的解译,在青藏高原内部的西昆仑阿什库勒地区发现了多达七级的河流阶地.对该处河流阶地结构、沉积特征、几何特征的研究表明该阶地是典型的构造成因阶地.野外利用全站仪对河流阶地地貌形态进行了精细的测量,获得了各级阶地的拔河高度分别为4～5m(T1)、9～ 10m(T2)、16 ～ 18m(T3)、28～31m(T4)、45～48m(T5).通过宇宙成因核素10Be测年方法对各级阶地面的暴露年龄进行了测定,获得了各级阶地的形成时代分别为7.7±0.7ka(T1)、32.7±3.lka (T2)、53.6±2.5ka(T3)、115.7±23.2ka(T4)、166.8±10.4ka (T5)、19.5±8.5ka (T6).由此确定了晚第四纪166.8ka以来不同时期的河流下切速率总体介于0.2～0.35mm/yr,该速率代表了青藏高原西北部晚第四纪166.8ka以来的平均隆升速率. 相似文献
11.
Expansion or shrinkage of closed lakes is a natural response to fluctuations in precipitation and evaporation, linked closely to changes in strength or position of atmospheric circulation. In Tibet, there are many such lakes with paleo-shorelines that can be used for reconstructions of climate history. Despite the fact that many paleo-shorelines are well preserved in Tibet, dating them has been seriously hindered by various difficulties. Here we present the first optical dating chronology for a series of paleo-shorelines in Zhari Namco, the third-largest inland lake in central Tibet. Our results indicate that the lake level has dropped 128 m over the past 8.2 ka. Younger shorelines are found at lower altitudes, indicating that the shorelines follow a geomorphic-chronological order and a broadly continuous trend of stepwise shrinkage. The surface area of Zhari Namco has shrunk in size from 4605 km2 at 8.2 ka ago to 996 km2 at present; 300 km3 of water has been lost from this lake. Such a loss in water implies a significant reduction in precipitation over the past 8.2 ka, a likely result of a weakening Asian monsoon. Following the decreasing precipitation since the early Holocene, this area has become increasingly arid. 相似文献
12.
LI Hanshi WANG Genhou YUAN Guoli FANG Bin LUO Tongwei YANG Yongqiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(4):1239-1251
The sedimentary sequences since 33 ka B.P. to 10 ka B.P. have been established in the Re＇nacuo-Lake, Gaize area of north Tibet, through a study of a lacustrine section. The climate since 33 ka B.P. to 10 ka B.P. may be divided into two cycle include 5 dry phases and 5 moist phases from reconstructing the paleoclimate through a study of sporopollen analysis. It mainly reflects the general regularity of global climatic change through contrasting with the pale environment in northern hemisphere. Our pollen record reveals a regional climate history similar to those from the neighboring sites, including the GISP2, the Guliya ice core and core RM in Zoige, and thus supports the notion that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau acts as an important link between climatic events in the North Atlantic realm and the Asian monsoon domain. The response of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the global climatic change is relatively sensitive. 相似文献
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DAI Shuang ZHANG Mingzhen PENG Dongxiang WANG Huawei WU Maoxian CHEN Ruiling ZHANG Xiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(2):425-443
Tectonic and environmental patterns and evolution of the present North Tibetan Plateau(NTP) prior to the India collision with Asia is significant to understand the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and its influence on the environment. In this study, we integrated and analyzed the tectonostratigraphy and the special sedimentary layers whose climatic implications are clear in the NTP. Additionally, we stressed the tectonic and environmental events and their evolutions from the Mesozoic to the Early Cenozoic. Our results show that four tectonic phases, which sequentially took place during the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene, played an important role on the formation of the North Tibet. The climate was basically dry and hot from the Triassic to the Eocene and became dry and cool since the Oligocene in this region. The climatic evolution was characterized by a transition from a wet and hot phase during the Triassic- Middle Jurassic, to a dry and hot phase during the Late Jurassic- Eocene. Both phases encompassed 5 wet and hot periods followed by 5 dry and hot climate events, respectively. In addition, we found that the tectonic deformation and the climatic conditions were spatially and temporally different. In detail, in the regions north of the PaleoTian Shan and Paleo-Qilian Mts. the tectonic deformation and climatic condition were stronger and wetter than in regions south of the Paleo-Tian Shan and Paleo-Qilian Mts. during the Late Triassic – Jurassic. Whereas in the Cretaceous, the tectonic movement was intensive in the west but steady in the east, and climate was dry in the south but wet in the north of NTP. The formation of the tectonic and climatic patterns in NTP were the consequence of either global climate change or regional tectonics, including the Paleo-Asian Ocean closure and the Qiangtang block, Lhasa block and India plate collision subsequently to Asia. Furthermore, the regional tectonic events occurred before any global climate change and drove the climatic change in the NTP. 相似文献
15.
Flamingos,salt lakes and volcanoes: hunting for evidence of past climate change on the high Altiplano of Bolivia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hidden within the vast Bolivian Altiplano are archives of past climate change in the form of remarkable carbonate rocks surrounding lakes long since disappeared. Beyond the Salar de Uyuni, the largest salt flat in the world, lies a relatively untouched realm of volcanoes and salt lakes. Ancient shorelines from intervals in the Altiplano history, when large lakes were more abundant, may hold important information about a time when the climate in this region was punctuated by much wetter phases before present day aridity took a hold. Previous studies in this region have reconstructed robust chronological timelines for such events and highlight two large lake phases over the last 18 thousand years (the Tauca and Coipasa lake phases); however higher resolution climate data are scarce. Current studies on climate proxies from smaller lakes in southern Bolivia may shed light on some of these higher resolution climate events including El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Laminated tufa found around the palaeoshorelines of the West Lípez Lakes is one such proxy, and can be analysed to investigate the potential roles of annual versus shorter‐term climatic variation in the evolving Altiplano climate at the time. 相似文献
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通过腾冲北海与香格里拉纳帕海有机碳含量、δ13C、粒度等沉积指标和若干孢粉指标的对比,参照60ka BP以来孟加拉湾的沉积韵律互层与δ18O记录,发现它们同与印度季风系统存在密切关联。然而由于经纬与海陆分布的差异,夏季风和冬季风对各处的影响亦有很大差别。大约发生于37~32ka BP的强大的暖湿型气候事件在北海与纳帕海盆地的沉积序列之中反映突出,成为过去60ka间最引人瞩目的现象,但是却缺乏海域记录的有力呼应。海陆记录对比结果表明,MIS3后期区域气候事件的控制因素来自陆地而非海洋,青藏高原在此期间的特别升温导致印度冬季风的衰退及其他大气环流型式的改变有可能是重大气候事件形成的主因。此外,陆地地貌对于季风的降水效应也有不可忽视的影响。 相似文献
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Abandoned shorelines are an important archive used to constrain past fluctuations in the hydrological balance of lakes around the globe. Within Australia, the shorelines preserved at Lake George, NSW, form one of the few shoreline archives in the south-east of the continent that record palaeoenvironmental conditions throughout the late Quaternary. Here, we examined and tested the lake-level record for Lake George constructed in the 1970s by dating a well-preserved shoreline sequence at Luckdale, on the lake's eastern shore, using single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Ten stratigraphic units were identified, and these suggest a late Quaternary highstand for Lake George in MIS 3, with fluctuations superimposed upon an overall drying trend throughout MIS 2 and into the present. At Luckdale, the highest four shoreline-associated units were deposited ~13 to 19 m above lake base and date to between 39 ± 2 and 29 ± 1 ka ago. Our study pushes back the timing of maximum lake depth at Lake George to at least MIS 3, rather than MIS 2. The overall drying trend is supported by similar reductions in both Riverine Plain fluvial activity and other associated lake-level records from within the Murray basin. 相似文献
18.
利用原地生成宇宙成因核素确定了藏南错戳龙的高湖面阶地的形成时间为3.4～3.6kaB.P.。在3.4～3.6kaB.P.之前,错戳龙是外泄的;在3.4～3.6kaB.P.期间,错戳龙的湖水维持在较高水平,降水和蒸发在高湖面保持着平衡;之后随着气温下降,季风减弱,湖泊不断退缩,至今湖面已下降了120m。利用J.E.Kutzbach水能联合方程,对错戳龙高湖面时的降水量进行了计算,结果显示错戳龙在3.4～3.6kaB.P.时年降水量约为530±10mm,之后随着印度季风强度的大幅降低,错戳龙的年降水量至今为320mm,下降了200mm/a。这一结果表明随着全球升温,印度季风将会明显增强,印度季风影响区域的降水也将会显著增加。 相似文献
19.
本文初步综编了新生代地质事件序列表(以中国为主),其中有一些对应较好的事件群,启发了我们对一些事件时间链的机理思考,并展示了探索气候事件应予涉及的研究范畴。本文通过对全球土壤带分布和全球构造板条分布的对比研究,认为土壤带的分布有两点突出表现：一是与全球构造板条分带格局基本相似,二是喜马拉雅一阿尔卑斯高原山带和美洲科迪勒拉高山高原带决定了两条平行于它们的土壤带,说明构造活动所造成的地形起伏对气候局域变化的重要影响。通过对青藏高原第四纪抬升史及中国黄土－古气候的研究,可以认为,第四纪时期的几次重要的气候转型事件都是由当时的地球构造活动所引发的。 相似文献