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罗云山山前断裂中段土门-贾朱村晚第四纪断错地貌特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
罗云山山前断裂位于山西临汾盆地西侧,控制着盆地的西界。通过对该断裂1∶ 5万地质填图、对河流冲沟阶地及山前断错地貌的调查,介绍了罗云山山前断裂中段土门-贾朱村晚第四纪断错地貌特征。罗云山山前发育D1、D2、D3 等3 级洪积扇,罗云山山前断裂上升盘冲沟发育T1 ～ T5 等5 级阶地。D1 洪积扇与T1、T2 阶地形成于全新世早中期;D2 洪积扇与T3 阶地形成于晚更新世中晚期;D3 洪积扇与T4、T5 阶地形成于中更新世中晚期。罗云山山前断裂中段不同部位断错地貌特征差异较大,D1 洪积扇的断错在席坊沟一带断距约2. 9m;在金殿镇峪口村南西山前断错约3m。D2 洪积扇的断错在土门镇南西堡子村约2. 5m;在杨家庄村西山前断错约4m;在景村西山前断错约6m;在襄陵镇浪泉沟南西侧山前断错约7. 7m。罗云山山前断裂中段山前断错地貌明显,其最新活动时代为全新世。其中,土门段最新活动时代为全新世早期,龙祠段最新活动时代为全新世中晚期。罗云山山前断裂中段晚更新世中晚期以来活动速率为0. 18～ 0. 54mm / a,由北向南活动呈增强趋势;全新世早中期以来活动速率为0. 4 ～ 0. 9mm / a,断裂活动主要集中于席坊沟-峪口一带。罗云山山前断裂中段从晚更新世中晚期到全新世活动速率有增大的趋势,这与该断裂上升盘冲沟阶地从晚更新世中晚期到全新世抬升速率有增大的趋势以及临汾盆地从晚更新世晚期到全新世沉降速率也有增大的趋势具有较好的一致性。 相似文献
2.
福建漳州—龙海地区活动断裂研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据作者调查所获并参考前人的资料,对漳州—龙海地区三条具有代表性的断裂带的晚更新世以来的活动特征进行了分析。结果表明:海门岛走向近东西的断裂自全新世以来,有较明显的活动,活动方式为张性正断层;白云山走向北东的断裂在晚更新世至全新世早期曾发生过明显的顺时针向扭动,以后活动性减弱;珠坑—马鞍山走向北西的断裂在第四纪早期可能有过明显活动,但全新世以来断层两盘差异活动迹象不明显,并以整体上升为特征。根据一级河流阶地沉积物的~(14)C测年资料估算,平均年上升速率约为3毫米。 相似文献
3.
通过航、卫片解译和野外实地踏勘对新疆柴窝堡盆地南缘断层晚第四纪以来的活动特征及活动速率方面有了新的认识:研究认为该断层晚第四纪以来曾有过强烈的活动,断层最新活动在南台子断错乌鲁木齐河Ⅰ级阶地的全新世砂土卵砾石层,形成20～40 cm的垂直断距,在柴窝堡盆地盐湖以南断错冲沟河流Ⅱ级阶地的晚更新世砾石层,垂直断距大于9 m,初步估算晚更新世以来该断层的垂直活动速率为0.09 mm/a,引起的水平缩短速率为0.5 mm/a.作为柴窝堡盆地南缘断层分支的板房沟断层,其最新活动的证据是断错了乌鲁木齐河Ⅰ级阶全新世砾石层. 相似文献
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罗云山山前断裂带阶地调查研究及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
罗云山山前断裂带位于山西临汾盆地西侧,控制着盆地的西界.对罗云山山前断裂带8条冲沟的阶地测量资料的研究表明:该断裂带冲沟发育T1～T5五级阶地.T1 阶地拔沟3m左右,T2 阶地拔沟8～10m,T3 阶地拔沟20m左右,T4 阶地拔沟30m左右,T5 阶地拔沟40～50m.阶地测年数据及断错地貌调查表明:罗云山山前断裂带在晚第四纪以来有过多次活动.晚更新世中晚期以来阶地的抬升速率为0.41 mm/a,全新世以来抬升速率为0.75mm/a.罗云山山前断裂带冲沟阶地从晚更新世中晚期到全新世抬升速率有逐渐增大的趋势,反映该断裂带自晚第四纪以来构造抬升作用逐渐加强,这与临汾盆地从晚更新世晚期到全新世沉降速率也有增大的趋势比较一致. 相似文献
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川西则木河断裂带强震复发周期的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从地震活动性和断层活动性两方面初步研究了川西则木河断裂带上地震的复发周期。通过古地震地貌现象的研究,发现则木河断裂北段西昌一带自晚更新世以来多次发生强震,其中全新世时期至少有4次。并得出晚更新世时期,强震在原地重复的周期为2000年,全新世时期为1800年,则木河断裂带滑动速率的研究表明,晚更新世时期断层滑动速率为4.5mm/a,全新世时期为4.9mm/a,以此估计则木河断裂带上晚更新世时期,强震重复的平均周期为965—1380年,全新世时期为885—1275年。 相似文献
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1975年海城MS7.3地震是中国第1次成功预报的7级以上破坏型地震,避免了大量人员和财产损失。但在地震后的调查中并没有发现较为连续的地表破裂带,只在零星地点发现了一些地表裂缝和喷砂冒水现象。该地震的等震线表现出较为明显的共轭特征,因此研究者对于海城地震的发震断层一直存在一定争议。文中对与海城河断裂共轭相交的金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段进行了遥感影像解译、微地貌测量和古地震探槽开挖等工作,发现金州断裂自大石桥市沿NE向至鞍山市南,在盆山过渡带的晚更新世和全新世地貌面上存在较为明显的沿NE向展布的断层陡坎。由于人类活动,断层陡坎展布不连续。断层陡坎的高度多为1～2m,最大可达3m;在海城市南葫芦峪村开挖的古地震探槽揭露出盖州北—鞍山段具有宽约20m的基岩破碎带,晚更新世晚期—全新世以来(距今(37.6±2.2) ka)至少发生过2次古地震事件。较新的一次地震发生于全新世(距今(11.7±0.8) ka以后,很可能为距今400～500a)。由于全新世地层太薄所限,无法识别出更多全新世古地震,但可以判断金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段为晚更新世晚期—全新世活动断裂。 相似文献
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则木河断裂带晚第四纪活动特征及古地震研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文着重讨论了则木河断裂带晚第四纪以来的活动特征、古地震事件及大地震重复间隔等问题。结果表明，晚更新世以来则木河断裂主要以左旋水平走滑活动为主，其平均滑动速率为７毫米／年。据对所揭露的１０多条探槽资料对比分析结果认为，最早的一次古地震事件可能是发生在晚更新世末期，从这一时期至今全断裂带共发生过八次７级以上的古地震事件。全新世中期以后，大地震的重复间隔时间为９００年—１２００年。 相似文献
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由于南华山北麓断裂带的新活动,使得南华山北麓菜园—乱堆子16公里范围内的21条冲沟发生明显断错,显示出左旋位移指向。本文研究了这些断错冲沟的地质地貌表征、断错冲沟的发育过程和断错量,并根据晚更新世以来沉积物的~(14)C年龄和区域冲沟的溯源侵蚀速率,计算出晚更新世以来南华山北麓断裂带的平均滑动速率为4.3毫米/年;同时,量测出1920年海原8.5级地震震中区地震断层的最位移量为6.9米。根据以上资料,估算出南华山北麓断裂带8.5级强震的重复率约为1600年 相似文献
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本文从活断层地貌,断层作用的相关沉积特征,断层面物质受地震作用以后的物理变化等方面讨论了黑河口断层晚第四纪以来发生的古地震期次。并用钙土壤、地貌陡坎演化等相对年代方法,结合一些实验室样品年代,确定古地震发生的年代。结果表明:黑河口断层晚第四纪以来发生过四次古地震事件,一次发生在距今约25000年,另三次发生在距今13000、10500和8500年左右,为不均等间隔。本文还为干旱、半干旱区相对年代方法提供了区域“经验”关系 相似文献
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Sedimentary deposits in the foreland basin of the northeastern Qilian Mountains are crucial documents recording tectonic activity and climate changes on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, luminescence dating was used to date alluvial conglomerates and fluvial terrace sediments collected from the Beida River in the Jiuquan Basin, a foreland basin in the Hexi Corridor, northeastern Qilian Mountains. Detailed sedimentology and luminescence ages reveal that alluvial conglomerates accumulated from before 620 ka to 12 ka and that sediment accumulation rates increased at ∼330 ka and ∼35 ka, coinciding with the dates of two tectonic events (∼350 and ∼50 ka) and followed by climate cooling (from marine isotope stage (MIS) 9 to MIS 8 and from MIS 3 to MIS 2). This reveals that variations in the sediment accumulation rates are controlled by the coupling of tectonic uplift and climate cooling. The highest terrace (T7) that developed on the alluvial conglomerate base formed at ∼ 12 ka. The incision rate in the early Holocene was ∼2.1 mm/yr and increased to ∼14.6 mm/yr during the middle and late Holocene. The variations in the river incision rate provide geomorphic evidence for Holocene climate patterns in arid and semiarid areas. Luminescence dating offers a credible temporal framework for the deposits and reveals climate and tectonic effects on the evolution of the foreland basin, northeastern Qilian Mountains. 相似文献
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Himalaya is an active fold and thrust belt formed due to continent-continent collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates. It comprises a 3000 km long chain of mountains that span ∼1000 km across, with major boundary thrusts viz., Main Central Thrust (MCT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). MFT is marked as mountain front and is the most active thrust; however, evidence of tectonic activity along MCT and MBT also exists.Tectonic activity along MFT created uplifted terraces which now serve as geomorphic archives of past tectonic events. The present study focussed on a glacial-fed river Sankosh that originates in northern Bhutan, and crosses MCT, MBT and MFT before joining the Brahmaputra River in Assam. Due to tectonic uplift, the river shows a deflection at MFT, incising and thus forming four levels of strath terraces. Luminescence chronology, geomorphic studies and analysis of satellite images suggest four levels of terraces T4 (highest level, 195 m asl), T3, T2 and T1 (lowest level, 120 m asl).The quartz was found insensitive for luminescence dating, and thus fading corrected Infra-Red Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) ages on feldspar minerals were measured that provided ages of 143-77 ka (T4), 65-36 ka (T2) and 35-14 ka (T1), respectively. The T3 terrace was present only on the right bank of the river and could not be accessed. These ages accord with other studies at the Chalsa and Malbazar, North Bengal (west of the study area) and this regional disposition of similar ages suggest that these formed during glacial-interglacial periods. The strath terraces indicate a time-averaged tectonic uplift with a 0.5 mm/year rate over the past 150 ka. 相似文献
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广东深圳断裂带活动性的第四纪地质和地貌研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
深圳断裂带分布着一系列第四纪盆地,发育了以晚更新世河流相为主的沉积物,其厚度一般小于10—15米。它们的出现与断裂破碎带、岩溶地层分布及断裂早期活动有关。但是,未见错动了第四纪沉积物的断层。从约180万年以来,断裂带内发育了四级夷平面和三级河流阶地。不同时期地壳相对升降平均速率估计为约0.04毫米/年至0.2毫米/年。 在第四纪地质时期,深圳断裂带总体处于区域性的间歇性抬升过程,断裂活动不明显 相似文献
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The Longxi region contains different kinds of Cenozoic sediments, including eolian deposits, reworked loess, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The provenance evolution of these sediments is of great significance in exploring the uplift, tectonic deformation and associated with geomorphic evolution of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we used the single-grain zircon provenance analysis to constrain the provenances for the Paleogene alluvial conglomerates and for the Neogene fluvial-lacustrine sediments, and compared them with results from the loess deposits since the Miocene. The results show that: (1) the Paleogene alluvial conglomerates contain a large number of detrital zircons ranging from 560 to 1100 Ma that were derived from the Yangzi Block. However, the sediments of early Miocene have much fewer zircons of this age span, which are characterized by an abundance of zircon ages in the ranges of 200–360 Ma. This indicates that the Paleogene alluvial conglomerates mainly come from the middle and/or southern West Qinling, and the early Miocene sediments are primarily from the northern West Qinling; (2) Late Neogene fluvial sediments (11.5 Ma onward) in Tianshui-Qinan region are dominated by zircon ages of 380–450 Ma. This zircon population is similar to that of the exposed intrusive rocks of southern part of the Liupan Mountains, implying that the southern part of Liupan Mountains probably had already uplifted by 11.5 Ma; (3) Late Miocene lacustrine sediments in Tianshui region have a zircon age spectra that is remarkably different from coeval fluvial deposits, but is similar to the zircon age distributions of the Miocene loess in Qinan region, late Miocene-Pliocene Hipparion red clay and Quaternary loess. This indicates that fine particles within these Miocene lacustrine sediments in Tianshui region may be dominated by aeolian materials. This study reveals that provenance changes of Cenozoic sediments in Tianshui-Qinan region and its geomorphic evolution are closely related to the multi-stage uplift of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. In particular, the major uplift of the Northern Tibetan Plateau during late Oligocene-early Miocene may have not only provided the source areas and wind dynamic conditions for the deposits of the Miocene loess, but also provided the geomorphic conditions for its accumulation. 相似文献
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Supergene Mn-oxide deposits are commonly related to thick weathering profiles and form as a result of intense and prolonged weathering of Mn-bearing precursor rocks, processes facilitated by a combination of multiple factors including warm and wet climate, relatively quiescent tectonic environment, and favorable geomorphic setting. Precise age constraints of supergene Mn-oxides may provide valuable information on the climatic, tectonic, and geomorphic conditions prevailing in the geological past. 40Ar/39Ar laser incremental heating analysis of cryptomelane from the Baye manganese deposit, western Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, SW China, was conducted to provide numerical constraints on the ages of supergene Mn enrichment and growth rates of Mn-oxide veins. In this study, two Mn-oxide veins of 3–6 cm thickness, termed as Vein A and B, respectively, were collected for 40Ar/39Ar dating. Vein A is subhorizontal and present in fractures parallel to schistosity of the Proterozoic spessartine schists, whereas Vein B is filled in nearly vertical fractures penetrating the schistosity. A combination of optical microscopy, XRD, SEM, and EMP analyses demonstrate that mineral grains extracted from both veins consist of pure, well-crystallized cryptomlane, which has acicular crystal forms and contains 0.96%–4.70% K2O. Fourteen cryptomelane subsamples extracted from different growth bands of Vein A yield well-defined plateau ages ranging from 1.35 ± 0.05 to 1.16 ± 0.04 Ma (2σ), whereas seven subsamples obtained from Vein B have plateau ages ranging from 1.23 ± 0.05 to 1.01 ± 0.04 Ma (2σ). The age results permit estimation for the growth rates of both veins at ca. 115–153 and 34–67 mm Ma?1, respectively. Distinct growth rates between Veins A and B are likely reflective of different fluid pressures during their formation governed by the orientation of the fractures hosting the veins. The growth rates calculated for both veins are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the values (<1–10 mm Ma?1) estimated for Mn-oxide nodules in supergene Mn deposits elsewhere. The high growth rates obtained for the Baye samples are consistent with direct precipitation of tetravalent Mn-oxides from weathering solution in open cavities or fractures, characterized by incremental growth of Mn-oxide bands from the margin to the center of the cavities or fractures. In contrast, Mn-oxide nodules with low growth rates from other deposits formed through self-oxidation and self-catalization, and grow outwards from the nuclei. In addition, prevalence of warm and humid climate and prolonged tectonic uplift in the Yunnan Plateau may have also partly contributed to the rapid growth of Mn-oxides in the Baye deposit. 相似文献
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Lionel Siame Olivier Bellier Rgis Braucher Michel Sbrier Marc Cushing Didier Bourls Bruno Hamelin Emmanuel Baroux Beatrice de Voogd Grant Raisbeck Franoise Yiou 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,220(3-4):345-364
Over the past decade, in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides have revolutionised the study of landscape evolution. In particular, numerous studies have demonstrated that, in active tectonic settings, cosmic ray exposure dating of deformed or displaced geomorphic features makes it possible to quantify long-term deformation rates. In western European countries, erosion due to climatically driven processes and human activities is probably the factor that most limits the accuracy of exposure ages and landscape modification rates. In this study, we present the results of a depth-profiling technique applied to alluvial terraces located along the Rhône and the Moyenne Durance rivers. The expected decrease with depth of the measured 10Be concentrations has been modelled using a χ2 inversion method in order to constrain the exposure history of the alluvial sediments. The results suggest that: (1) over the Quaternary, the local surface erosion rates including both regional uplift and climatically driven processes acting on landforms are on the order of 30 m/Myr in southeastern France, and (2) providing a fairly good bracketing of the exposure age, the modelled abandonment age of alluvial terraces affected by the Moyenne Durance Fault allows estimating incision rates, comparing the alluvial terrace elevations with topographic river profiles, and a minimum vertical slip rate value of roughly 0.02 mm/yr for the southern segment of the Moyenne Durance Fault. 相似文献
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COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DISTINGUISHING DIFFERENT GRADES OF GEOMORPHOLOGIC SURFACES BASED ON SEDIMENT PARTICLE SIZE FEATURES: TAKING THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER BASIN AS AN EXAMPLE 
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下载免费PDF全文 When using river geomorphology to study tectonic deformation, it is often difficult to distinguish the same level geomorphology in areas with severe weathering. In this paper, we take the geomorphologic surfaces of the Qingyijiang river basin as an example and try to distinguish the geomorphic surfaces by the sediment features that make up them. In order to distinguish different geomorphic surfaces, the traditional particle-size analysis method, SOFM network method and system clustering analysis method are taken to classify 29 samples from different geomorphic surfaces. The classification results of the three methods are different to a certain extent. We analyzed and compared the classification results of the three methods in detail. The results show that the traditional particle size analysis method, SOFM network method and cluster analysis method all can distinguish the geomorphic surface of different genesis, besides, they also can distinguish low-level terraces(T1, T2)and high-level terraces(T3, T4)for different grades of river terraces. Furthermore, the results also show that SOFM network method and cluster analysis method can make a certain distinction for the low-level terraces(T1, T2), while the traditional particle size analysis method is difficult to distinguish them.
In addition, we analyzed and compared the three methods from the classification results, the results presentation, the operation process, and the error transmission. The results suggest that the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods are obvious. From the perspective of the classification results, the three methods all can distinguish the river terraces and alluvial fans and can make certain discrimination for different levels of river terraces. From the presentation of the results, the result of SOFM network is simple and clear. From the operation process, the traditional particle-size analysis method is relatively cumbersome, and the SOFM network method and the cluster analysis method are relatively simple to operate. From the perspective of error transmission, the traditional particle-size analysis method calculates the partial particle size feature value of the sample, which has a certain loss for the particle size distribution information of the whole sample. The error of the clustering analysis method has cumulative features and the influence exists consistently. The classification results of the SOFM network are independent of each other, which effectively avoids the problem of such error transmission of clustering analysis method.
Overall, the classification results of the SOFM network method are simple and clear, the operation is simple, and the error is small. It has stronger adaptability to identifying different levels of different geomorphic surfaces. The results of this study will provide a simple and effective means for distinguishing different levels of geomorphic surfaces. 相似文献
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Baotian Pan Hongshan Gao Guangjian Wu Jijun Li Bingyuan Li Yuguang Ye 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(1):143-154
The actively deformed foreland of eastern Qilian Shan (mountains) contains well‐preserved geomorphic features such as erosion surfaces, river terraces and tectonically uplifted alluvial fans, providing suitable archives for research on regional tectonic activities and palaeoclimatic changes. These geomorphic surfaces are well dated by using a combination of magnetostratigraphy, electron spin resonance, thermoluminescence, infra‐red stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon dating, and correlation with the well‐established loess–palaeosol sequences of China. Our results show that the erosion surface formed about 1·4 Ma ago, and the age of river terraces is 1·24 Ma, 820–860 ka, 780 ka, 420–440 ka, 230–250 ka, 140 ka, 60 ka and 10 ka, respectively. Valley incision rates of c. 0·09–0·25 m ka?1 have been identified. The repetitive stratigraphic and geomorphic pattern of these terraces indicates the fluvial sedimentation–incision cycles are tightly associated with the 100‐ka glacial–interglacial climatic cycles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献