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1.
采用微波辐射加热法使壳聚糖与水杨醛反应生成壳聚糖希夫碱,然后将其与铜盐配位得到壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物,用UV、FTIR、TG表征产物的结构,并探讨该配合物对过氧化氢分解的催化性能。研究结果表明:壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物对过氧化氢有良好的催化活性,常温(25℃)常压,pH=7.0的条件下放置12 h,催化H2O2的分解达99.8%,该配合物重复使用3次还保持较好的催化活性。 相似文献
2.
The use of a microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) method for the extraction of phlorotannins from Saccharina japonica Aresch(S.japonica) has been evaluated with particular emphasis on the influential parameters,including the ethanol concentration,solid/liquid ratio,extraction time,extraction temperature,and microwave power.The MAE procedure was optimized using single-factor design and orthogonal array design(OAD).The content of total phlorotannins in S.japonica was determined using a Folin-Ciocalteu(FC) assay.A maximum total phlorotannin content of 0.644 mg of phloroglucinol equivalent per gram of dry weight plant(mg PGE/g DW) was obtained using the optimized model,which included an ethanol concentration of 55%,solid/liquid ratio of 1:8,extraction time of 25 min,irradiation power of 400 W,and temperature of 60°C.Under similar conditions,the application of a conventional extraction method led to a lower phlorotannin yield of 0.585 mg PGE/g WD.These results demonstrated that the MAE approach provided better results for the extraction of phlorotannins from S.japonica and was a promising technique for the extraction of phenolic compounds from S.japonica and other materials.In addition,screening tests for the inhibitory activity showed that the phlorotannin-containing extracts significantly inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells(HepG2) by inducing their apoptosis.The morphological changes that occurred during cell apoptosis were characterized using Hoechst33258 staining. 相似文献
3.
Printing and dyeing industry is a considerable source of environmental contamination. In this study treatment of printing
and dyeing wastewater with a new type of sewage treatment agent, fly-ash coated with chitosan particles (FCCP), was examined.
The effects of pH, stirring time, sedimentation time and temperature on color, COD, turbidity and NH3-N removal were determined. The optimum dosage of FCCP and the influence of individual factors on removal efficiency were
tested. The optimum parameters determined using the L16(45) orthogonal experiment were as follows: FCCP (weight ratio of chitosan to fly-ash 1:6) dosage, 4 g·L−1; temperature, 35°C; pH, 4. The stirring time and sedimentation time were 20 min and 5 h, respectively. Under these optimum
conditions, the color, COD and NH3-N removal ratios were 97%, 80% and 75%, respectively. 相似文献
4.
从金银花中提取绿原酸的工艺研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用不同浓度的乙醇从金银花中提取绿原酸,以正交实验进行优化工艺研究,采用紫外分光光度法测定提取液中绿原酸的含量,探讨了乙醇浓度、乙醇倍量、回流时间、pH值、浸泡温度对绿原酸含量的影响。实验结果表明,最佳的工艺条件是:10倍量50%乙醇为浸提剂,浸泡温度为70℃,pH=7,回流时间为1h,提取次数为2次。 相似文献
5.
以凡纳滨对虾为原料,以ACE抑制率为指标,利用响应面法对虾肉蛋白自溶制备ACE抑制肽的工艺条件进行了优化,即在酶解条件(pH值、温度、虾头虾肉质量比)和ACE(Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme,ACE)抑制率之间建立了数学模型Y=23.59-0.21X1+0.84X2+0.85X3-0.71X12-0.94X22-1.06X32+0.088X1X2-0.46X1X3-0.87X2X3。分析表明,在3个因素中,虾头与虾肉比例对ACE抑制率的影响最为显著。优化后的工艺参数为:pH7.35,温度57.2℃,虾头与虾肉比例为1∶1。根据回归方程的预测结果,反应时间为4 h,其ACE抑制率达41.9%。 相似文献
6.
采用单因子实验及均匀实验设计,考察了影响丙脒盐酸盐收率的因素,经回归分析,得出了合成丙脒盐酸盐的优化工艺条件:物料配比n(CH3CH2CN)﹕n(CH3OH)﹕n(HCl)=1﹕1.1﹕1.1;整个反应体系为无水体系;在反应前期,溶液温度为0~10℃,pH值为4.0左右,反应时间为9 h;在反应后期,溶液温度为0~20℃,pH值为8.0~8.5;氨-甲醇溶液的质量分数为15.0%。在此优化工艺条件下,丙脒盐酸盐的收率为94.0%,含量≥99%。 相似文献
7.
从甲壳素出发,先制备了3种不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖,选择过硫酸铵_亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原体系引发剂,合成了壳聚糖接枝丙烯酰胺聚合物;通过红外光谱,电镜扫描对聚合物进行结构表征,结果表明壳聚糖结构发生了变化,通过在相同条件下比较壳聚糖不同脱乙酰度对接枝率的影响,得出了在脱乙酰度为68.5%时聚合物的接枝率最大为250%,其最佳合成工艺为∶m(壳聚糖)∶m(丙烯酰胺)=1∶5,引发剂用量为体系质量分数的0.3%~0.4%,温度55~60℃,反应时间为2.5~3.0 h。 相似文献
8.
制备条件对聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖凝胶性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以戊二醛为交联剂,由聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CTS)混合交联得到一种水凝胶,考察了聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖的配比、交联剂用量和反应时间对聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶吸水率的影响。通过单因素实验,得出了聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶具有最佳溶胀性能时的条件:聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖的摩尔比为6∶1,交联剂戊二醛的体积分数为0.05%,反应时间9h。测定了该凝胶在不同pH值下的吸水率和吸附铜离子的性能,得出聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖凝胶在酸性介质的吸水率远远大于碱性介质,对铜离子(Cu2+)的吸附量比壳聚糖凝胶提高了33.7%,因此该凝胶吸附剂在工业废水处理重金属离子方面具有一定的优越性。 相似文献
9.
以月腹刺鲀(Gastrophysus lunaris)卵巢为原料,利用超声波辅助提取河豚毒素(Tetrodotoxin,TTX)。通过单因素实验及二次回归旋转组合设计实验研究液料比、超声温度、超声时间等因素对提取率的影响,确定超声波辅助提取河豚毒素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:在实验范围内影响河豚毒素得率的各因素大小依次为液料体积质量比、超声温度、超声时间;超声波辅助提取河豚毒素的最佳工艺条件为液料体积(mL)质量(g)比3.03∶1,超声温度39℃,超声时间22 min,该工艺条件下提取河豚毒素得率为63.57μg/g。 相似文献
10.
Jerusalem artichoke is an economic crop widely planted in saline-alkaline soil. The use of Jerusalem artichoke is of great significance. In this study, the response surface method was employed to optimize the eff ects of processing variables(extraction temperature, p H, extraction time, and liquid-tosolid ratio) on the yield of Jerusalem artichoke pectin. Under the optimal extraction conditions: p H 1.52, 63.62 min, 100°C and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 44.4 m L/g, the maximum pectin yield was predicted to be 18.76%. Experiments were conducted under these optimal conditions and a pectin yield of 18.52±0.90% was obtained, which validated the model prediction. The eff ects of diff erent drying methods(freeze drying, spray drying and vacuum drying) on the properties of Jerusalem artichoke pectin were evaluated and they were compared with apple pectin. FTIR spectral analysis showed no major structural diff erences in Jerusalem artichoke pectin samples produced by various drying treatments. The antioxidant activities of pectin dried by diff erent methods were investigated using in vitro hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging systems. The results revealed that the activities of spray dried pectin(SDP) and apple pectin(AP) were stronger than those of vacuum oven dried pectin(ODP) and vacuum freeze dried pectin(FDP). Therefore compared with the other two drying methods, the spray drying method was the best. 相似文献
11.
【目的】确定最佳紫外消减条件,并探究此条件下紫外辐照对鱼干品质的影响。【方法】在单因素试验基础上,将黄曲霉毒素B1质量浓度、辐照时间、辐照距离因素进行组合,应用Design Expert软件与Box-Behnken试验原则对AFB1降解条件进行优化。【结果】最佳的毒素降解条件:紫外辐照条件为波长365 nm、黄曲霉毒素B1质量浓度109 ng/mL、辐照距离2.11 cm、辐照时间41 min、pH 7,对AFB1的标准溶液降解率为88.1%。该条件下金鲳鱼干与红鱼干中黄曲霉毒素B1的降解率为90.16%、85.32%,拟合性较好,且该最佳紫外辐照降解条件对鱼干品质并不存在显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】该研究证明紫外辐照适用于鱼干中真菌毒素的消减。 相似文献
12.
以罗非鱼鱼鳞胶为原料,制备对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)有抑制活性的降血压肽。以水解度(DH)及ACE抑制率为指标,筛选水解鱼鳞胶的最适酶种,并对其水解工艺条件进行优化;采用超滤技术对所制备的降血压肽进行分离纯化,比较不同组分的ACE抑制率,测定高ACE抑制率组分的氨基酸组成,并运用MALDI-TOF-MS法分析其分子质量分布。结果表明,复合蛋白酶是水解鱼鳞胶最适酶种,在50℃、pH7.5、料液质量体积比1∶5、酶与底物质量比(mE/mS)1.5%条件下,酶解6 h,酶解液的ACE抑制作用最强,其水解度DH 73%,ACE的抑制率76.15%。酶解液经超滤分离所获得的分子质量小于2 000 u的组分对ACE抑制率最高,达83.15%;该组分的氨基酸主要含有Gly和Pro,含量分别为22.04%和11.40%;该组分分子质量范围为1 300~2 000 u。 相似文献
13.
The procedures of ultrasonic extraction and clean-up were optimized for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediments. Samples were ultrasonically extracted, and the extracts were purified with a miniaturized silica gel chromatographic column and analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Ultrasonication with methanol-dichloromethane (2:1, v/v) mixture gave higher extraction efficiency than that with dichloromethane. Among the three elution solvents used in clean-up step, dichloromethane-hexane (2:3, v/v) mixture was the most satisfactory. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries in the range of 54.82% to 94.70% with RSDs of 3.02% to 23.22% for a spiked blank, and in the range of 61.20% to 127.08% with RSDs of 7.61% to 26.93% for a spiked matrix, were obtained for the 15 PAHs studied, while the recoveries for a NIST standard reference SRM 1941b were in the range of 50.79% to 83.78% with RSDs of 5.24% to 21.38%. The detection limits were between 0.75 ng L-1 and 10.99 ng L-1for different PAHs. A sample from the Jiaozhou Bay area was examined to test the established methods. 相似文献
14.
This study examined levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in estuarine sediments in Licun (Qingdao, China) by gas chromatography under optimized conditions for sample pretreatment via ultrasonic extraction, column chromatography, and thin layer chromatography. Methanol and dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol (2:1, v/v) were used in ultrasonic extraction, and DCM was used as eluate for column chromatography. The developing system consisted of n-hexane and DCM at a ratio of 9:1 (v/v), with DCM as the extraction solvent for PAHs-containing silica gel scraped off the plate. When the spiking level is 100 ng, total recoveries of spiked matrices for four target PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and chrysene) were 83.7%, 76.4%, 85.8%, and 88.7%, respectively, with relative standard deviation (RSD) between 5.0% and 6.5% (n = 4). When the spiking level is 1000 ng, associated total recoveries were 78.6%, 72.7%, 82.7% and 85.3%, respectively, with RSD between 4.4% and 5.3% (n = 4). The opti-mized method was advantageous for determination of PAHs in complex matrix due to its effective sample purification. 相似文献
15.
To make use of the pelagic clay as polymer filling, the properties of clay sediments from the ocean investigation zone of China in the East Pacific were studied by the SSA, XRF, ICP/MAS, FHR, XRD, SEM, DTA/TG and granularity distributing etc. , and experiments were settled to improve the whiteness and activation of the clay based on these data. Compared with land clay, pelagic clay holds many particular features, such as fine particles and incompact accumulation, worse crystallization and more defects, high activity, complex mineral and chemical components, and low whiteness etc. Processing the purified pelagic clay with acids and zinc, then baked it at different temperatures, the whiteness of clay can be increased from 23.8% to 73.1%, and the optimized conditions is : consistency of vitriol 25%, ratio of clay to water 4:1, reaction time 4h, reaction temperature 90℃, dosage of zinc 2.0 g/L, and baking temperature 700℃. And the SSA of whited clay is increased too. Using the dry milling method to modify the pelagic clay with organic reagents, the optimized technique is KH550, concentration 1.5%, reaction time 20 min. XRD,FTIR and SEM testing indicate that the mechanism of organic activation was mainly surface absorbing and chemical combination secondly. 相似文献
16.
The industrially important organic compound 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO) is mainly used as a building block for the production of various polymers. In the present study, response surface methodology protocol was followed to determine and optimize fermentation conditions for the maximum production of 1,3-PDO using marine-derived Klebsiella pneumoniae HSL4. Four nutritional supplements together with three independent culture conditions were optimized as follows: 29.3 g/L glycerol, 8.0 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 7.6 g/L(NH 4) 2 SO 4, 3.0 g/L KH 2 PO 4, pH 7.1, cultivation at 35°C for 12 h. Under the optimal conditions, a maximum 1,3-PDO concentration of 14.5 g/L, a productivity of 1.21 g/(L·h) and a conversion of glycerol of 0.49 g/g were obtained. In comparison with the control conditions, fermentation under the optimized conditions achieved an increase of 38.8% in 1,3-PDO concentration, 39.0% in productivity and 25.7% in glycerol conversion in flask. This enhancement trend was further confirmed when the fermentation was conducted in a 5-L fermentor. The optimized fermentation conditions could be an important basis for developing lowcost, large-scale methods for industrial production of 1,3-PDO in the future. 相似文献
17.
Chitosan derived from crab shells,was used to prepare the graft polymer in aqueous solution with acrylamide (AM) and methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) as raw materials and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator.The floc-culation ability of the resulting polymer (PCAD) was studied in waste water treatment experiments.Its properties were determined on the basis of the transmittance of waste water after flocculation.The effects of chitosan and DMC content on PCAD’s flocculation ability wer... 相似文献
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以Cu2O粒子为光催化剂，太阳光为光源，研究了Cu2O粒子对可溶性染料罗丹明B的光催化降解情况。并考察了不同光源，光照时间，催化剂用量，双氧水加入量和溶液的酸度等对罗丹明B光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明，Cu2O粒子在太阳光照射下，能较好地降解罗丹明B，其最佳反应条件为：罗丹明B浓度为5mg／L，催化剂（Cu2O）为0．75g／L，pH值为5．2，H2O2加入量1．0％，反应时间25min。此条件下，罗丹明B的降解率达到100％，即与在500W高压汞灯紫外（λ=365nm）光照有相同的降解效果。 相似文献
20.
1 IntroductionHydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers,also known as hydrophobized polymers, are thosemodified by hydrophobic groups such as alkyl,arolkyl, and deoxycholic acid. In water, they canself-aggregate due to their intro- and/or intermolecularhydrophobic interaction. By this process, unique hy-drogel nanoparticles with hydrophobic core and hy-drophilic shell can be prepared, which is a new ap-proach to preparing the monodispersed hydrogelnanoparticles (Whitesides et al., 1991; … 相似文献