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1.
A classification system for the assessment of slope stability of terrains along highway routes in Jordan 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The establishment of comprehensive development plans, in general, and the proper selection of highway routes, in particular,
require an assessment of landslides or instability hazards in the project sites. The frequent landslides that occurred along
the routes of major highways in Jordan, and particularly along the Amman-Na'ur-Dead Sea highway and Irbid-Jerash-Amman highway,
have substantially increased the cost of construction and caused a considerable delay in the completion of work. The study
of many landslides that occurred in the last 25 years along the highway routes and in the sites of some major civil engineering
projects in Jordan has led to the recognition of major factors that affect the stability of slopes, and thus the safety and
economics of these projects. The geological formation, structural features, topographic characteristics, geometry, and climatic
conditions were adopted as the basis for the classification of terrains in terms of their stability. Each factor has been
assigned a rating to indicate its relative contribution to the overall stability according to engineering judgment and past
experience. The areas have been classified into 5 groups according to their total stability rate. The simplicity, comprehensiveness,
and accuracy are the main characteristics of the proposed classification. Its significance stems from its helpfulness as a
guide to the geotechnical and highway engineers in assessing the overall stability of the alternative routes of proposed highway
projects.
Received: 3 December 1996 · Accepted: 29 April 1997 相似文献
2.
On May 21, 2021, at 21:48, the Ms6.4 Yangbi earthquake struck Dali prefecture, Yunnan province, China; the maximum PGA reached 714.78 gal, causing 37 casualties and infrastructures damage. A field investigation demonstrated that seismic landslides were concentrated along the G56 Hangrui and Dayangyun highways, classified as local rock falls and shear slides. The shear slides were more severe than the local rock falls and were located along the Dayangyun highway, which was still under construction when the earthquake occurred, severely impacting following engineering activities. Typical shear slides caused by the earthquake were selected for detailed investigations; electrical resistivity topography (ERT) was conducted to study the failure mechanism. The ERT results indicated that the sliding surface was located at the interface between the overburden layer and the underlying rock stratum. The slope failures along the Dayangyun highway were characterized by several tensile cracks on the rear edge, a relatively short displacement, and an accumulation at the toe of the excavated slope where reinforcement measures had not yet been completed. The combined effect of engineering activities and a geological structure provided favorable conditions for slope failure. In addition, seismic motion triggered the landslides; however, engineering activity was a specific and significant factor contributing to the shear slides during the Yangbi earthquake. Excavation and incomplete construction reduced the stability of the overburden soil layer. Although the scale of the seismic landslides in the Yangbi earthquake was generally small, the coming rainy season after the earthquake may contribute for sliding again.
相似文献3.
Mohanned S. Al-Sheriadeh Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi Ashraf Al-Hamdan Nabil S. Abderahman 《Engineering Geology》2000,56(3-4):361-372
With a capacity of 86 MCM, King Talal Reservoir is considered a major water supply in Jordan. It was built exclusively to irrigate the land in the Jordan Valley. Unexpectedly, the design capacity of the reservoir was confronted by the elevated sediment inflows during and after the construction of the Irbid–Amman Highway in 1987. Since then the annual sediment inflow measured at the mouth of the reservoir was higher than expected in a similar year. Notably, the over-wet season of 1991/2, as a result of six major landslides along the highway, registered the highest sediment inflow into the reservoir. In the present work the fractional contribution of these landslides to total sediment yield at the reservoir was evaluated. The evaluation was made by applying the well-known erosion model, AGNPS (Young et al., USDA Conservation Research Report 35, 1987). To calibrate the model, it was successively applied from 1980/1 to 1990/1 on the measured sediment data before the occurrence of landslides. With a slight tune-up of some of the King Talal watershed erosion variables, fairly good agreement was obtained in some years. However, the disagreement noticed in other years might be attributed to some conservation measures practised in the watershed. Because the serious landslides occurred in the wet season of 1991/2, the model was run for the two scenarios in this year: with and without landslides. The difference in results represents the contribution of landslides to sediment yield at the reservoir. It is concluded, based on these results, that landslides, if continued without control, will definitely jeopardize the design capacity of the reservoir. 相似文献
4.
Some slope instability problems exist in Ankara clay along E90 highway. The purpose of this paper is to determine the mineralogical and geotechnical properties of soils, and to investigate the causes and mechanisms of three rotational landslides along a section of the highway. In order to accomplish these tasks, field studies, laboratory testing, back analyses, and limit equilibrium and finite difference analyses were performed. The landslides are formed within a soil consisting of clay and silt with a little sand and gravel. Slope stability analyses indicate that long-term stability of already failed slopes is critical. The failures are progressive, showing strain softening behavior with full saturation. Broken irrigation pipes existing near the landslides are found to be the main cause of sliding. Maintenance of the pipes, surface drainage, removal and replacement of the failed (slided) material are considered to be economical and practical solutions for the remediation of the slides. 相似文献
5.
山区公路滑坡灾害问题及对策分析--以云南元(江)磨(黑)高速公路为例 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
随着西部公路建设的蓬勃发展,越来越多的高等级公路必须穿越山区丘陵地带,这样必然导致大量的公路滑坡的出现,危及公路的正常运行及安全。本文以云南元(江)磨(黑)高速公路为例,在分析公路沿线自然环境条件及地质构造条件等的基础上,研究公路沿线的地质灾害的特点及危害,重点研究公路沿线所发育的滑坡的分布特征、危害、形成机制及整治对策和措施。研究表明,山区公路滑坡不仅与滑坡发育的工程地质条件有关,而且与工程设计方案及公路建设过程施工方案等人为因素有关。 相似文献
6.
Jorge A. Salinas-Jasso Juan C. Montalvo-Arrieta Eduardo Reinoso-Angulo 《Landslides》2018,15(4):783-795
Landslides caused by a low magnitude earthquake swarm (2.8?≤?M?≤?3.6) in 2012 were documented at the Santa Rosa Canyon in northeastern Mexico. Disrupted landslides from falls and slides, in both rocks and soils, were identified based on fieldwork and high-resolution satellite imagery along stream banks from natural cliffs and along the road cut in the epicentral area. Most of the landslides occurred on slopes greater than 40°, where geological features played a key role in triggering slope instabilities. The maximum distance limit for disrupted slides from the epicentral area was 7 km. The area affected by landslides during the early stage of the seismic sequence (July through August 2012) was 90 km2. Landslide identification was limited in some areas by the resolution of the satellite imagery and dense cloud coverage. Both the epicentral distance and the area affected by landslides are above the global bounds reported in literature. The final landslide inventory is the first documented case of earthquake-induced landslides in northeastern Mexico. 相似文献
7.
Shuichi Hasegawa Ranjan Kumar Dahal Minoru Yamanaka Netra Prakash Bhandary Ryuichi Yatabe Hideki Inagaki 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1423-1434
Geologically and tectonically active Himalayan Range is characterized by highly elevated mountains and deep river valleys.
Because of steep mountain slopes, and dynamic geological conditions, large-scale landslides are very common in Lesser and
Higher Himalayan zones of Nepal Himalaya. Slopes along the major highways of central Nepal namely Prithvi Highway, Narayangadh-Mugling
Road and Tribhuvan Highway are considered in this study of large-scale landslides. Geologically, the highways in consideration
pass through crushed and jointed Kathmandu Nappe affected by numerous faults and folds. The relict large-scale landslides
have been contributing to debris flows and slides along the highways. Most of the slope failures are mainly bechanced in geological
formations consisting phyllite, schist and gneiss. Laboratory test on the soil samples collected from the failure zones and
field investigation suggested significant hydrothermal alteration in the area. The substantial hydrothermal alteration in
the Lesser Himalaya during advancement of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and thereby clay mineralization in sliding zones of
large-scale landslide are the main causes of large-scale landslides in the highways of central Nepal. This research also suggests
that large-scale landslides are the major cause of slope failure during monsoon in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal. Similarly,
hydrothermal alteration is also significant in failure zone of the large-scale landslides. For the sustainable road maintenance
in Nepal, it is of utmost importance to study the nature of sliding zones of large-scale landslides along the highways and
their role to cause debris flows and slides during monsoon period. 相似文献
8.
Cost assessment of losses due to recent reactivation of Kaliasaur landslide on National Highway 58 in Garhwal Himalaya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
National Highway (NH) 58 is one of the important and the major lifelines, which connects Uttarakhand state with rest of the country and linked with its socioeconomic progress. Uttarakhand, being one of the major tourist and pilgrimage hubs of the country, highways are preferred to be consistently maintained and trafficable. However, due to frequent landslide occurrences, particularly during monsoon months (July to September), the highway is poorly maintained. There are hundreds of landslides along the NH 58 starting from Rishikesh (the foot of the Garhwal Himalaya) to Badrinath, the holy shrine of India covering a distance of 320 km. Many landslides are historic, 4–5 decades old and recurring every year during monsoon. Kaliasaur landslide (147 km), Pakhi landslide (250 km), Tangni landslide (254 km), Patalganga landslide (256 km), and Lambagarh landslide (302 km) are a few among the critical ones. Kaliasaur landslide that is one of the most critical landslides recurring for over 9 decades at 147 km on National Highway 58 (from Haridwar) has been selected for the study. It has reportedly occurred first time in 1920 and since then recurring at regular intervals, causing huge socioeconomic losses involving both direct and indirect costs. Previous records of any attempt to estimate the direct (rehabilitation cost, cost on prevention and control) or indirect cost (expenses due to detouring, cost of productive time loss, loss of tourism, and loss in business) have not been found. As a result, the accurate economical impact of landslide on society is very roughly estimated. Even if the estimates of indirect losses are roughly estimated, added with some direct losses will provide the basis for developing the right strategies for proper mitigation and management of landslides. In this paper, an effort is made, first time, to examine the effects of Kaliasaur landslide on socioeconomics of the region. Since the direct losses on property damaged could not be estimated due to lack of recorded documentation, this study mainly focuses on the indirect losses on detouring during the damage/blockage of the highway and some significant direct losses such as restoration work, loss of lives, and damage of vehicles. 相似文献
9.
10.
During and after the very wet 1991/1992 winter experienced in Jordan, significant slope failures occurred along several sections of the new Irbid-Amman highway in Jordan. The topography over most of the route is hilly, and significant amounts of cut and fill were used to construct the highway. One such slope failure lies at 44+800 km on the highway south of Jerash City at a distance of about 5.0 km from Wadi Zerqa bridge. A landslide occurred downslope of the highway embankment resulting in a collapse of the most of the gabbion wall supporting the embankment. This paper deals with the overall stability of the slope at 44+800 km. It presents the geological and geotechnical studies carried out at this site, identifies the causes and mechanism of instability, and presents appropriate remedial measures. The study concluded that the landslide movement occurred within the colluvium material. It resulted primarily from excess piezometric pressures generated within the slope as a direct consequence of inadequate drainage. It is recommended to reconstruct the entire gabbion wall with its foundation seated on the sandstone that underlies the colluvium and to install a surface drainage system at the site. 相似文献
11.
Do landslides follow landslides? Insights in path dependency from a multi-temporal landslide inventory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jalal Samia Arnaud Temme Arnold Bregt Jakob Wallinga Fausto Guzzetti Francesca Ardizzone Mauro Rossi 《Landslides》2017,14(2):547-558
Landslides are a major category of natural disasters, causing loss of lives, livelihoods and property. The critical roles played by triggering (such as extreme rainfall and earthquakes), and intrinsic factors (such as slope steepness, soil properties and lithology) have previously successfully been recognized and quantified using a variety of qualitative, quantitative and hybrid methods in a wide range of study sites. However, available data typically do not allow to investigate the effect that earlier landslides have on intrinsic factors and hence on follow-up landslides. Therefore, existing methods cannot account for the potentially complex susceptibility changes caused by landslide events. In this study, we used a substantially different alternative approach to shed light on the potential effect of earlier landslides using a multi-temporal dataset of landslide occurrence containing 17 time slices. Spatial overlap and the time interval between landslides play key roles in our work. We quantified the degree to which landslides preferentially occur in locations where landslides occurred previously, how long such an effect is noticeable, and how landslides are spatially associated over time. We also investigated whether overlap with previous landslides causes differences in landslide geometric properties. We found that overlap among landslides demonstrates a clear legacy effect (path dependency) that has influence on the landslide affected area. Landslides appear to cause greater susceptibility for follow-up landslides over a period of about 10 years. Follow-up landslides are on average larger and rounder than landslides that do not follow earlier slides. The effect of earlier landslides on follow-up landslides has implications for understanding of the landslides evolution and the assessment of landslide susceptibility. 相似文献
12.
在云南保山－腾冲高速公路建设中,遇到了与膨胀性硅藻土相关的边坡稳定问题。通过对云南腾冲五合乡、芒棒乡、团田乡多个地质剖面现场调查和室内物质成分、微观结构分析、力学性质测试表明,云南腾冲新近纪芒棒组硅藻土是一种富含膨胀性黏土矿物的黏土质硅藻土,在性状上属于膨胀性极软岩。天然硅藻土具有很强的结构性,导致其物理性质与力学性质的关系与传统岩土力学规律极不相符,如孔隙比高达2.20～2.78、液性指数为0.66～2.73的天然硅藻土单轴抗压强度竟高达1.09～2.11 MPa。综合研究表明,云南保山－腾冲高速公路建设中黏土质硅藻土边坡的滑坡灾害、风化剥落灾害与其工程特性密切相关。 相似文献
13.
Analysis and remedies of landslides of cut slopes due to the presence of weak cohesive layers within stronger formations 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Several cases of instability of cut slopes along major highways in Jordan were reviewed in this study, in some detail. Emphasis
was placed on the Amman-Irbid highway, but some cases along the Na'ur-Dead Sea highway were also reviewed, with the aim of
establishing a wider database of case-studies and examining all possible mechanisms and factors influencing stability. The
study showed that major cut slope failures were caused by the presence of weak cohesive layers (mainly clayey marl) interbedded
within mostly stronger formations, in addition to the steep cutting angles and unfavorable dip of strata combined with relatively
high piezometric surface brought about by poor surface and subsurface drainage. No remedies were implemented to stabilize
major cut slope failures (at km 39+200, 44+300, and 56+400) along the Irbid-Jerash-Amman highway. The three major cut slope
failures require extensive remedial work and probably advanced geotechnology, which is expected to be expensive. To investigate
the influence of various parameters on slope stability, several analyses were performed in addition to back analyses to determine
shear strength parameters; parametric sensitivity studies were also performed on some cases. Data was obtained from previous
investigations by local and international firms and were screened and modified where needed before being used in stability
analyses. Considerable difference between back analysis and test result values for shear strength parameters were observed
in many cases. Failure surfaces and mechanisms were accurately depicted in most cases, allowing back analyses to be performed
with considerable confidence. The effective residual shear strength parameters for clayey marl needed for stability analysis
were found to be: c
r
′=5–18 kPa, and φ
r
′=13°–18°. The relation between total annual rainfall and occurrence of landslides was investigated; it was shown that all
landslides occurred in years of very high rainfall, with values always exceeding 400 mm. The probability of exceeding the
average total annual rainfall was found to be approximately 0.42 for the three gauging stations considered.
Received: 28 October 1996 · Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
14.
Ahmed M. Youssef Biswajeet Pradhan Norbert H. Maerz 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2591-2601
The Al-Hada highway that descends towards the west of the city of At-Taif is a major connecting highway in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the series of descending roads connecting the holy city of Makkah and the city of Jeddah with the city of At-Taif and the cities farther south along the escarpment. The length of the Al-Hada highways is about 22 km. The Al-Hada highway has been historically exposed to landslides and other geohazards since the day it was opened to public some 60 years ago. The road has been reconstructed and many slope instabilities have been remediated and the road has been expanded to two lanes in each direction. Heavy rainfalls occurred on the 14th of April 2012 in the province of At-Taif, causing huge debris flows in two places along the Al-Hada highway. As a result of that, these debris flows closed all four lanes of the highway for 2 weeks in order to remove the debris. The current research deals with mapping of all debris flows along Al-Hada highway and determining their volumes and their impact on the road. Finally, suitable solutions have been suggested to address these critical sites to minimize and/or avoid the debris flow hazards in the future. 相似文献
15.
Landslides associated with the colluvial soils overlying the Natal Group in the greater Durban region of Natal, South Africa 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
In the last 25 years, many of the landslides that have occurred in the greater Durban region have been associated with the
colluvial soils overlying the Natal Group, most of which occurred during the very heavy rains of September 1987. Subsequently,
a very heavy rainfall event in February 1999 also gave rise to landslides. In fact, prior to 1987 these colluvial soils were
considered relatively stable. A critical precipitation coefficient has been developed which included the cumulative precipitation
up to a landslide event. In addition, an attempt has been made to establish a threshold value for triggering of landslides
for the colluvial soils from a study of pluviometric data. The results indicate that when a rainfall event exceeds 12% of
the mean annual rainfall, small-scale landslides are likely to occur. When a rainfall event is greater than 16% of the mean
annual rainfall, a moderate number of landslides take place. Major landslides are associated with rainfall events with intensities
in excess of 20% of the mean annual precipitation. An example of a landslide which occurred on the Natal Group due to construction
operations is provided, as well as an account of those which took place during September 1987. In the latter case, most of
the slides took the form of mudflows and were responsible for some of the worst damage which has occurred in the Durban region.
The colluvial soils involved were relatively thin and therefore became quickly saturated by the heavy rainfall. In some places
the situation was further aggravated by liquefaction of the soils.
Received: 15 June 1999 · Accepted: 30 August 1999 相似文献
16.
The coastline of Southeast Britain is formed in sedimentary rocks of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary age, the majority of these deposits containing thick strata of mudrocks, which have very low angles of dip. Where these strata are appropriately exposed, particularly at the foot of a coastal slope, they give rise to landslides where all or part of the sliding surface follows a single bed of mudrock. Where the dip of the bedding is steep, such landslides are referred to as dip-slope failures. However, landslides where the basal sliding surface is controlled by the location and orientation of a single argillaceous bed in the sequence are better termed bedding-controlled landslides. In addition, where coastal slopes contain several layers of mudrocks, geometrically similar landslides may occur with perched slide surfaces breaking out at a higher level within the slopes. Landslides with strong bedding-controlled basal shear surfaces are the predominant form of instability along the southeast coastline of Britain. Many of the individual landslide cases used in this paper have been studied separately over many years. The general similarity of the different records is discussed, drawing important inferences on a number of aspects of these landslides with a variety of basal sliding surface geometries. 相似文献
17.
Problems in predicting the mobility of slow-moving landslides 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This paper discusses problems in predicting the mobility of slow-moving landslides. Three case studies are presented here where research has been carried out by the Utrecht University: The La Valette landslide complex in the French Alps, the La Mure landslide in the French pre-Alps near Grenoble and the Hau landslide in Switzerland.To predict field velocities of these slow-moving landslides the viscosity parameters of the material of these landslides were determined by strain-controlled tests in a ring shear apparatus based on Bishop's design at Utrecht University. The viscosity parameters from the laboratory proved to be 10 to 1000 times lower than viscosities obtained from back analyses on the observed velocities in the field. This discrepancy may be explained by the development of negative pore pressures when the plastic material slides over a rigid, wavy slip surface and/or by convergent flow effects. The associated gain in strength results in a higher apparent viscosity.A more detailed analysis is made for the movements of the La Valette landslide. Observed velocities at the La Valette landslide are difficult to describe by one parameter set as the response to a change in groundwater level is not the same during a rise or fall in the piezometric level. This deviation may be explained by rapid changes in total stresses and consequently changes in pore pressure under (partly) undrained conditions. The emerging hysteresis with local and temporal variations in pore pressure makes it difficult to predict in detail the moving pattern of landslides. 相似文献
18.
19.
CHRISTIAN BÉGIN LOUISE FILION 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1988,17(3):289-299
A 12km long terrace along the estuary of the Grande Rivière de la Baleine, northern Québec (5517'N, 7747'W), has been locally modified by seven large landslides during the last 3,20014 C years. The oldest undated landslide occurred between 3,200 B.P(formation of the upper terrace) and 2,200B.P., i.e. the radio carbon age of the second oldest landslide. The third one occurred around 900B.P. sometime before peat started to accumulate on the flowbowl floor. The more recent landslides were dendrochronologically dated. They were formed in less than 30 years, i.e. in 1818 (2 synchronous landslides), 1839 and 1846 A.D. These 19th-century landslides were dated through a comparative analysis of growth curves derived from buried trees found in the flowing sediments or from tilted and cut trees, with the regional master chronologies and the northern Québec light-ring chronology, using more specifically the 1816 and 1817 light-ring years. The 1818 landslides occurred during the growing season (July), whereas the 1839 and 1846 landslides were formed during spring. The occurrence of numerous landslides during this short period seems to be related to sustained cool and humid climatic conditions that may have enhanced the subsoil water content. 相似文献
20.
西藏墨脱公路工程地质灾害遥感勘察与解译方法 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
张明华 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(3):54-58
在地处南迦巴瓦峰地区的西藏墨脱公路工程地质遥感勘察中，以Landsat-7 ETM＋卫星影像为信息源，运用彩色合成、数据融合、主成分分析等数字图像处理方法，结合基于地学知识的图像识别及解译技术，对墨脱公路沿线的泥石流、滑坡、活动断裂等地质灾害进行全面解译分析及专题制图，查明了公路方案线区域内活动断裂发育特征。其中，帕隆藏布断裂带、岗日嘎布断裂带等对错拉隧道将产生较大影响。大型滑坡主要有5个，沿南迦巴瓦峰南坡的雅鲁藏布江河谷两岸发育，分布在仓孔、墨脱及洒拉库等地。泥石流、崩塌广泛发育，主要分布在雅鲁藏布江河谷、帕隆藏布河谷沿线的派、拉格-汗密、岗乡-波密一带。勘察及解译结果为墨脱公路工程线路方案选择、工程地质条件评价提供了充分的科学依据。 相似文献